CN111267621A - Pre-charging protection method and system for electric automobile - Google Patents
Pre-charging protection method and system for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111267621A CN111267621A CN202010243908.0A CN202010243908A CN111267621A CN 111267621 A CN111267621 A CN 111267621A CN 202010243908 A CN202010243908 A CN 202010243908A CN 111267621 A CN111267621 A CN 111267621A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0084—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to control modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-charging protection method and a pre-charging protection system for an electric vehicle, wherein the method comprises the steps that a built-in main control unit of a motor controller collects voltage and sets a reference voltage threshold value, and the collected voltage comprises the voltage at the input end of a power battery bus and the voltage at the output end of a main contactor; and judging whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is greater than a reference voltage threshold value, if so, sending a first pre-charging probing pulse, performing pre-charging overtime detection judgment, if not, sending a second pre-charging probing pulse, performing pre-charging overtime detection judgment or circuit disconnection/short abnormity detection, and enabling the system to be a motor controller, a power battery and a driving load, so that pre-charging is reliable, efficient and safe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle safety protection, and particularly relates to a pre-charging protection method and system for an electric vehicle.
Background
The electric automobile drives the motor to work by taking a power battery as an energy source, the motor drives the vehicle to run, a motor controller in the electric automobile is a key unit for controlling the normal work of the motor, and a plurality of filtering and voltage-stabilizing high-capacity capacitors are arranged in the motor controller.
The pre-charging circuit in the motor controller pre-charges a large-capacity capacitor in the controller, the large-capacity capacitor in the motor controller is equivalent to a short circuit instantly when the motor is electrified at high voltage, and the generated large current can damage a relay and an IGBT in the motor controller, so that the large-capacity capacitor in the motor controller needs to be charged before the motor is electrified, and when the voltage of the large-capacity capacitor is close to the voltage of a power battery, the pre-charging circuit is switched off, a main contactor is closed, and the electrifying operation is completed.
In the prior art, directly turn off the pre-charging circuit, close main contactor simultaneously, owing to do not judge the back-end circuit condition, if the back-end circuit takes place the short circuit condition, close main contactor by force has the risk of back-end circuit damage, brings the hidden danger for the driving.
In addition, at present, the judgment of success or failure of the pre-charging is mainly carried out by detecting whether the voltage reaches the expected value after the pre-charging is finished, the pre-charging is successful if the voltage reaches the expected value, and the pre-charging is failed if the voltage does not reach the expected value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a pre-charging protection method and a pre-charging protection system for an electric vehicle, which effectively increase the reliability, high efficiency and safety of pre-charging.
A pre-charging protection method for an electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a built-in main control unit of the motor controller collects voltage and sets a reference voltage threshold and a second reference voltage threshold, wherein the collected voltage comprises the voltage of the bus input end of the power battery and the voltage of the output end of the main contactor;
step two: the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is greater than a reference voltage threshold value, if so, the step three is carried out, and if not, the step four is carried out;
step three: the main control unit sends a first pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment;
step four: the main control unit sends a second pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment or circuit disconnection/short abnormity detection.
In the fourth step, the method also comprises the following steps:
s1): the main control unit sends a second precharging probing pulse, and simultaneously acquires whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is larger than a reference voltage threshold, if so, the step S2 is carried out, and if not, the step S3 is carried out);
s2): the main control unit sends a third pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment; the third pre-charge probing pulse duration is the difference between the first pre-charge probing pulse duration and the second pre-charge probing pulse duration;
s3): and the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, circuit breaking/short abnormity detection is carried out, and if so, the step S1) is carried out.
The pre-charging overtime detection judgment comprises the following steps:
A1) the main control unit collects the input end voltage of a power battery bus and the output voltage of a main contactor;
A2) the main control unit judges whether the difference value between the input end voltage of a power battery bus and the output voltage of the main contactor is less than 20V, if the difference value is less than the difference value, the step A3 is carried out, and if the difference value is greater than the difference value, the step A4 is carried out);
A3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit reports a pre-charging overtime fault and disconnects the pre-charging contactor;
A4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit closes the main contactor, delays the pre-charging overtime time limit, and then disconnects the pre-charging contactor, wherein the pre-charging overtime time limit is 1.5 seconds.
The circuit open/short circuit abnormality detection includes open circuit abnormality detection and circuit short circuit abnormality detection of a circuit, and includes the steps of:
B1) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit circularly sends a second pre-charging probing pulse at intervals of a certain time, wherein the intervals of the certain time are the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor;
B2) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit collects the voltage of the output end of the main contactor while sending out the second precharging probing pulse each time;
B3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor acquired each time is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, a pre-charging fault is recorded for one time, and if so, the step B1 is carried out;
B4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit accumulates the pre-charging faults recorded each time, and if the accumulated value is more than 3 times, the main control unit reports the circuit open circuit or short circuit abnormal faults.
And performing wave-sending delay and pre-charging fault recording zero clearing before the main control unit sends the third pre-charging probing pulse, wherein the wave-sending delay time is the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor.
In the first step, the reference voltage threshold is 0.15 times of the bus input end voltage of the power battery; the second reference voltage threshold is 0.5 times the reference voltage threshold.
The period of voltage acquisition of the main control unit is 100 microseconds.
In the third step, the duration of the first precharging probing pulse is the precharging overtime time limit; in step four, the second precharge probe pulse duration is 40 milliseconds.
The utility model provides an electric automobile pre-charging protection system, includes motor controller, power battery and drive load, wherein, be provided with main control unit, pre-charging contactor, pre-charging resistance and main contactor in the motor controller, the main control unit respectively with pre-charging contactor and main contactor control connection, the input of pre-charging contactor and the input of main contactor all are connected with power battery, the output and the drive load of main contactor are connected, the output of pre-charging contactor passes through pre-charging resistance and is connected with the drive load.
The invention discloses a pre-charging protection method and a system for an electric vehicle, wherein a main control unit is adopted to send pre-charging pulses, and the voltage value of the output end of a main contactor is collected to judge while the pulses are sent, so that whether a back-end circuit is short-circuited or broken and whether pre-charging is successful can be judged quickly and effectively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for pre-charge protection of an electric vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the pre-charge timeout detection and determination process in the pre-charge protection method of the electric vehicle;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of detecting an abnormal open circuit or short circuit in the pre-charging protection method of the electric vehicle;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a topology of an electric vehicle pre-charge protection system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the described embodiments are merely some implementations, rather than all implementations, and that all other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the described embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a pre-charging protection method for an electric vehicle includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a built-in main control unit of the motor controller collects voltage and sets a reference voltage threshold and a second reference voltage threshold, wherein the collected voltage comprises the voltage of the bus input end of the power battery and the voltage of the output end of the main contactor; the period of the main control unit for collecting the voltage is 100 microseconds, and the time period of the main control unit for collecting the voltage is from the beginning of collecting the voltage when the first pre-charging probing pulse, the second pre-charging probing pulse or the third probing pulse start to emit waves to the end of collecting the voltage when the first pre-charging probing pulse, the second pre-charging probing pulse or the third probing pulse end to the end of collecting the voltage.
Step two: the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is greater than a reference voltage threshold value, if so, the step three is carried out, and if not, the step four is carried out;
step three: the main control unit sends a first pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment;
step four: the main control unit sends a second pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment or circuit disconnection/short abnormity detection.
In the fourth step, the method also comprises the following steps:
s1): the main control unit sends a second precharging probing pulse, and simultaneously acquires whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is larger than a reference voltage threshold, if so, the step S2 is carried out, and if not, the step S3 is carried out);
s2): the main control unit sends a third pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment; the third pre-charge probing pulse duration is the difference between the first pre-charge probing pulse duration and the second pre-charge probing pulse duration;
s3): and the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, circuit breaking/short abnormity detection is carried out, and if so, the step S1) is carried out.
The pre-charging overtime detection judgment comprises the following steps:
A1) the main control unit acquires the voltage U0 of the input end of a power battery bus and the output voltage U1 of a main contactor;
A2) the main control unit judges whether the difference value of the power battery bus input end voltage U0 and the main contactor output voltage U1 is smaller than 20V, if the difference value is smaller than the step A3), and if the difference value is larger than the step A4);
A3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit reports a pre-charging overtime fault and disconnects the pre-charging contactor;
A4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit closes the main contactor, delays the pre-charging overtime time limit, and then disconnects the pre-charging contactor, wherein the pre-charging overtime time limit is 1.5 seconds.
The circuit open/short circuit abnormality detection includes open circuit abnormality detection and circuit short circuit abnormality detection of a circuit, and includes the steps of:
B1) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit circularly sends a second pre-charging probing pulse at intervals of a certain time, wherein the intervals of the certain time are the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor;
B2) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit collects the voltage of the output end of the main contactor while sending out the second precharging probing pulse each time;
B3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor acquired each time is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, a pre-charging fault is recorded for one time, and if so, the step B1 is carried out;
B4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit accumulates the pre-charging faults recorded each time, and if the accumulated value is more than 3 times, the main control unit reports the circuit open circuit or short circuit abnormal faults.
The reference voltage threshold value in the step one is 0.15 times of the voltage of the input end of the power battery bus; in step six, the second reference voltage threshold is 0.5 times the reference voltage threshold.
The duration of the first pre-charging probing pulse is a pre-charging overtime time limit; the second precharge probe pulse duration is 40 milliseconds; the third precharge probe pulse duration is the difference between the first and second precharge probe pulse durations, and the first, second, and third precharge probe pulse signals are active at high or low levels, preferably active at high levels, i.e., the precharge contactor is closed when the pulse signal is high.
And performing wave-sending delay and pre-charging fault recording zero clearing before the main control unit sends the third pre-charging probing pulse, wherein the wave-sending delay time is the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor, and the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor is 10 milliseconds.
The utility model provides an electric automobile pre-charging protection system, includes motor controller 6, power battery 1 and drive load 2, wherein, be provided with main control unit 7, pre-charging contactor 4, pre-charging resistance 5 and main contactor 3 in the motor controller 6, main control unit 7 respectively with pre-charging contactor 4 and main contactor 3 control connection, the input of pre-charging contactor 4 and main contactor 3's input all are connected with power battery 1, main contactor 3's output is connected with drive load 2, pre-charging contactor 4's output is passed through pre-charging resistance 5 and is connected with drive load.
The main control unit 7 is an MCU.
The working process of the electric automobile pre-charging protection system is as follows, after the motor controller is powered on, the main control unit firstly carries out comparison between the voltage U1 at the output end of the main contactor in the step two and a reference voltage threshold value Uref, the comparison aims to judge whether the large capacitor in the motor controller is completely discharged, if the voltage U1 of the main contactor is greater than the reference voltage threshold value Uref, the large capacitor is not completely discharged, and because the output end U1 of the contactor is greater than the reference voltage threshold value Uref, the situation that the rear end circuit of the output end of the contactor is not short-circuited or disconnected is shown, at the moment, the pre-charging method is that the main control unit sends a first pre-charging probing pulse, the high level duration of the first pre-charging probing pulse is 1.5 seconds, namely the time of the pre-charging overtime limit, the difference between the voltage U0 at the output end of the power battery and the voltage U1 at the main contact output, if the voltage value does not reach the preset voltage value within the time limit of the precharging timeout, the precharging timeout fault can occur during the normal circuit precharging.
If the output voltage U1 of the main contactor in the second step is smaller than the reference voltage threshold value Uref, it indicates that the discharge of the large-capacity capacitor in the motor controller is complete, at this time, the main control unit sends a second pre-charging probing pulse, and at the same time, the voltage value U1 of the output end of the main contactor is collected while the second pre-charging probing pulse is sent, and it is determined whether the voltage value U1 of the output end of the main contactor is larger than the reference voltage threshold value Uref, if so, it indicates that the rear-stage circuit has no open circuit or short circuit fault, and only the pre-charging overtime needs to be performed to determine whether a fault occurs, at this time, because the large-capacity capacitor is completely discharged.
If the collected voltage value U1 of the output end of the main contactor is smaller than the reference voltage threshold value Uref when the main control unit sends the second pre-charging probing pulse, one-step judgment needs to be carried out to judge whether the voltage value U1 of the output end of the main contactor is smaller than the second reference voltage value, and if the multiple judgment results are smaller than the second reference voltage value, the rear-stage circuit is judged to be open circuit or short circuit fault.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pre-charging protection method of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a built-in main control unit of the motor controller collects voltage and sets a reference voltage threshold and a second reference voltage threshold, wherein the collected voltage comprises the voltage of the bus input end of the power battery and the voltage of the output end of the main contactor;
step two: the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is greater than a reference voltage threshold value, if so, the step three is carried out, and if not, the step four is carried out;
step three: the main control unit sends a first pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment;
step four: the main control unit sends a second pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment or circuit disconnection/short abnormity detection.
2. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the method also comprises the following steps:
s1): the main control unit sends a second precharging probing pulse, and simultaneously acquires whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is larger than a reference voltage threshold, if so, the step S2 is carried out, and if not, the step S3 is carried out);
s2): the main control unit sends a third pre-charging probing pulse and carries out pre-charging overtime detection judgment; the third pre-charge probing pulse duration is the difference between the first pre-charge probing pulse duration and the second pre-charge probing pulse duration;
s3): and the main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, circuit breaking/short abnormity detection is carried out, and if so, the step S1) is carried out.
3. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pre-charging overtime detection judgment comprises the following steps:
A1) the main control unit collects the input end voltage of a power battery bus and the output voltage of a main contactor;
A2) the main control unit judges whether the difference value between the input end voltage of a power battery bus and the output voltage of the main contactor is less than 20V, if the difference value is less than the difference value, the step A3 is carried out, and if the difference value is greater than the difference value, the step A4 is carried out);
A3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit reports a pre-charging overtime fault and disconnects the pre-charging contactor;
A4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit closes the main contactor, delays the pre-charging overtime time limit, and then disconnects the pre-charging contactor, wherein the pre-charging overtime time limit is 1.5 seconds.
4. The electric vehicle pre-charging protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the circuit open/short circuit abnormality detection includes open circuit abnormality detection and circuit short circuit abnormality detection of a circuit, and includes the steps of:
B1) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit circularly sends a second pre-charging probing pulse at intervals of a certain time, wherein the intervals of the certain time are the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor;
B2) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit collects the voltage of the output end of the main contactor while sending out the second precharging probing pulse each time;
B3) the method comprises the following steps The main control unit judges whether the voltage of the output end of the main contactor acquired each time is smaller than a second reference voltage threshold value, if so, a pre-charging fault is recorded for one time, and if so, the step B1 is carried out;
B4) the method comprises the following steps And the main control unit accumulates the pre-charging faults recorded each time, and if the accumulated value is more than 3 times, the main control unit reports the circuit open circuit or short circuit abnormal faults.
5. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: and performing wave-sending delay and pre-charging fault recording zero clearing before the main control unit sends the third pre-charging probing pulse, wherein the wave-sending delay time is the maximum release time of the pre-charging contactor.
6. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the reference voltage threshold is 0.15 times of the bus input end voltage of the power battery; the second reference voltage threshold is 0.5 times the reference voltage threshold.
7. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the period of voltage acquisition of the main control unit is 100 microseconds.
8. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the duration of the first precharging probing pulse is the precharging overtime time limit; in step four, the second precharge probe pulse duration is 40 milliseconds.
9. The utility model provides an electric automobile pre-charge protection system which characterized in that: the pre-charge protection system comprises the pre-charge protection method of claims 1 to 8.
10. The electric vehicle pre-charge protection system of claim 9, wherein: including motor controller, power battery and drive load, wherein, be provided with main control unit, pre-charge contactor, pre-charge resistance and main contactor in the motor controller, the main control unit respectively with pre-charge contactor and main contactor control connection, the input of pre-charge contactor and the input of main contactor all are connected with power battery, the output and the drive load of main contactor are connected, the output of pre-charge contactor passes through pre-charge resistance and is connected with the drive load.
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