CN111266086B - Method for preparing magnetic biochar from kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing magnetic biochar from kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111266086B CN111266086B CN202010074939.8A CN202010074939A CN111266086B CN 111266086 B CN111266086 B CN 111266086B CN 202010074939 A CN202010074939 A CN 202010074939A CN 111266086 B CN111266086 B CN 111266086B
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010407 vacuum cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910016514 CuFeO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSLPSRLINXAITB-UHFFFAOYSA-L O.O.O.O.O.C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Fe+2] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[Fe+2] BSLPSRLINXAITB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3416—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids comprising free carbon, e.g. activated carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste, which belongs to the technical field of biochar materials and comprises the following steps: collecting the kitchen waste, naturally drying until the water content is lower than 10%, then crushing and sieving to obtain crushed materials, putting the crushed materials into a porcelain ark, putting the porcelain ark into a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen to provide an anoxic condition, and keeping the temperature at 5-10 ℃ for min‑1Heating to 250-600 ℃, cracking for 2-4 hours to obtain the kitchen waste biochar, and taking the kitchen waste biochar with the concentration of 40gL‑1～100gL‑1Kitchen waste biochar and concentration of 10mmol L‑1～30mmolL‑1Fe (b) of3+Salt and Cu2+Mixing with salt, and continuously adding 50gL of salt under stirring‑1～80gL‑1After the strong alkaline solution reacts for 6-48 hours at the temperature of 100-200 ℃, the product after hydrothermal treatment is subjected to vacuum filtration, cleaning and drying treatment to obtain the recyclable kitchen waste charcoal, so that the kitchen waste resource utilization is realized, the environmental hazard is reduced, and good social benefit and environmental benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochar materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste.
Background
In 2019, in 6 months, nine departments such as a central agriculture department, a residential building department, an ecological environment department, a science and technology department jointly issue a notice about the comprehensive development of the domestic garbage classification work in cities on the national level and above by departments such as a residential building department, a city and countryside construction department, and the comprehensive start of the domestic garbage classification work in the cities on the national level and above from 2019 is proposed. With the comprehensive implementation of the garbage classification policy, the enhancement of the collection and transportation of the kitchen garbage becomes a hot point problem of concern. The kitchen waste refers to food waste generated in the daily life consumption process of public dining halls, families and the catering industry, and mainly comprises food waste generated in food processing before meals and food residues after meals. The traditional kitchen waste disposal method mainly comprises landfill and incineration. The landfill leachate generated in the landfill process and the toxic gas such as dioxin generated in the incineration process have potential harm to the environment, and easily cause the outbreak of infectious diseases, thereby seriously affecting the human health. Therefore, the method has very important significance for resource utilization of the kitchen waste. By pairsThe kitchen waste is pyrolyzed under the condition of low oxygen or no oxygen, and most of carbon-containing organic matters in the waste cannot be changed into harmful CO2But rather converted to biochar, preventing CO2Enter the atmosphere and can reduce the carbon emission by 21 percent (environmental science and technology, 2016,39(S2):245-]. In view of this, in recent years, the technology for preparing biochar by cracking kitchen waste is increasingly active. In the previous researches, biochar prepared by cracking kitchen waste serving as a raw material is found to be used for improving the property of soil and improving the soil fertility (patent grant publication: CN104557160A), and also can effectively adsorb methylene blue in water (agricultural resources and environmental bulletin, 2019,36(1): 115-120). However, the simple charcoal powder is difficult to recover and separate during the use process, which is likely to cause resource waste. Researchers can effectively solve the problem that the biochar is difficult to recycle by combining the magnetic material with the biochar to prepare the magnetic biochar.
In addition, the regeneration of the adsorption saturated biochar can not only improve the utilization rate of the biochar, but also reduce the secondary pollution to the environment. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the photocatalytic regeneration technology utilizes the generated free radicals with strong oxidizing property to degrade organic matters adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent, thereby achieving the aim of regenerating the adsorbent. Therefore, the biological carbon prepared by cracking the kitchen waste is endowed with magnetism by a certain means, and the regeneration of the biological carbon is realized by a photocatalysis technology, so that the resource utilization of the kitchen waste after classified recovery of the waste can be realized, the harm of the kitchen waste to the environment is reduced, and the important guiding significance of the prepared biological carbon in the aspects of recovery and cyclic regeneration can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste, which realizes resource utilization of the kitchen waste after classified recovery of the waste, reduces the harm of the kitchen waste to the environment, and simultaneously realizes recovery and cyclic regeneration of the prepared biochar in the using process. The method adopts cracking technology to prepare kitchen waste biochar, and enables the kitchen waste biochar to be mixed with a certain amount of Fe3+Salt and Cu2+Mixing salts, and preparing the iron oxide by hydrothermal technology under alkaline condition(Fe3O4And Fe2O3) And delafossite type CuFeO2The kitchen waste magnetic biochar is Fe3O4And Fe2O3Can provide magnetism for the kitchen waste biochar to facilitate the recovery of the biochar, and the delafossite type CuFeO is utilized2The photocatalysis characteristic of the device realizes the cyclic regeneration of the biochar after adsorption saturation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting the kitchen waste, air-drying until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and crushing and sieving to obtain a crushed material;
s2: cracking the crushed materials to prepare kitchen waste biochar, and washing, drying, grinding and screening the prepared kitchen waste biochar for later use;
s3: mixing kitchen waste biochar with Fe3+Salt and Cu2+Ultrasonically mixing salt in water, and continuously adding a strong alkali solution under the condition of continuous stirring;
s4: transferring the solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal cracking reaction;
s5: and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration, cleaning and drying on the product after the hydrothermal cracking to obtain the finished product.
Preferably, the kitchen waste biochar is prepared by cracking in an inert atmosphere, and the heating rate is 5-10 ℃ for min-1The cracking temperature is 250-600 ℃, and the cracking time is 2-4 hours.
Preferably, in step S2, absolute ethyl alcohol is sequentially used, and the concentration is 0.5-1.0 mol L-1Washing with hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid and deionized water, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 5-10 hours, grinding with a mortar, and sieving with a sieve of 300-500 meshes.
Preferably, the content of the kitchen waste biochar is 40gL-1～100gL-1。
Preferably, Fe3+The salt is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate nonahydrate, ferric sulfate or ferric oxalate pentahydrate.
Preferably, Cu2+The salt is copper chloride, copper nitrate trihydrate or copper sulfate pentahydrate.
Preferably, Fe3+Salt and Cu2+The salt concentration was 10mmol L-1～30mmolL-1。
Preferably, the strong alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide with the concentration of 50gL-1～80gL-1。
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 100-200 ℃, the hydrothermal reaction time is 6-48 hours, the hydrothermal product is washed by absolute ethyl alcohol, dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid and deionized water in sequence, and is placed in an oven after being washed to be neutral by vacuum filtration, the drying temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 hours.
Preferably, the concentration of the dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid is 0.5-1.0 mol L-1。
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. the kitchen waste magnetic biochar provided by the invention has the advantages that the specific surface area is increased, the resource utilization of kitchen waste after waste classification and recovery is realized, and the harm of the kitchen waste to the environment is reduced, so that good social benefits and environmental benefits are realized.
2. The magnetic biochar for kitchen waste, the biochar for kitchen waste and Fe prepared by cracking3+Salt and Cu2 +Salt mixing, and hydrothermally preparing iron oxide (Fe) containing series under alkaline condition3O4And Fe2O3) And delafossite type CuFeO2The magnetic garlic straw biochar of (1), wherein Fe3O4And Fe2O3Can provide magnetism for the biochar so as to facilitate the recovery of the biochar, and the delafossite type CuFeO is utilized2The photocatalysis characteristic of the device realizes the cyclic regeneration of the biochar after adsorption saturation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of kitchen waste biochar
Collecting kitchen waste, wherein the kitchen waste comprises rice, steamed bread scraps, vegetables and meat, naturally drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and then crushing and sieving to obtain crushed materials. Placing the pulverized material in a porcelain ark, placing in a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen gas to provide oxygen-deficient condition, and heating at 5 deg.C for min-1The temperature rising rate is increased to 250 ℃, the cracking time is 2 hours, and the cracking products are sequentially selected from absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5mol L-1The obtained product is washed by hydrochloric acid and deionized water, is placed in an oven to be dried for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and the dried product is ground by a mortar and is sieved by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the kitchen waste biochar.
(2) Preparation of kitchen waste magnetic biochar
At room temperature as Fe: weighing copper chloride (99.99%) and ferric chloride (99.99%) at a Cu molar ratio of 1:1, dissolving in 60ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain Fe: cu with a molar ratio of 1:1 and a concentration of 10mmol L-1Fe (b) of3+Salt and Cu2+A salt solution. Adding 2.5g of kitchen waste biochar into the solution, and then adding 50gL-1The NaOH solution is provided with alkaline conditions, and stirring is continued for about 10 minutes until complete dissolution. Transferring the mixed solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the hydrothermal reaction kettle in a homogeneous reactor for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 6 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃. After the reaction is finished, the hydrothermal product is sequentially processed by absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5mol L-1The diluted nitric acid and the deionized water are centrifugally washed to be neutral, and the centrifuged product is placed into an oven to be dried for 12 hours at 70 ℃.
Example two
A method for preparing magnetic biochar from kitchen waste is disclosed, wherein in the embodiment, the amount of the biochar in the kitchen waste is 3.5g, and other steps are the same as in the first embodiment, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of kitchen waste biochar
Collecting kitchen waste including rice, steamed bread scraps, vegetables, meat and the like, naturally drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and then crushing and sieving to obtain crushed materials. Placing the pulverized material in a porcelain ark, placing in a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen gas to provide oxygen-deficient condition, and heating at 8 deg.C for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 600 ℃, the cracking time is 4 hours, and the cracking products are sequentially selected from absolute ethyl alcohol and 1mol L-1The kitchen waste biochar is obtained by washing the kitchen waste with the hydrochloric acid and the deionized water, drying the washed kitchen waste and the deionized water in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 10 hours, grinding the dried product through a mortar, and sieving the ground product through a 500-mesh sieve.
(2) Preparation of kitchen waste magnetic biochar
At room temperature as Fe: weighing Cu (NO) with Cu molar ratio of 1:13)2·3H2O (99.99%) and Fe (NO)3)3·9H2Dissolving O (99.99%) in 60ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain Fe: cu in a molar ratio of 1:1 and a concentration of 30mmol L-1Fe (b) of3+Salt and Cu2+A salt solution. Adding 3.5g of kitchen waste biochar into the solution, and then adding 80gL-1Providing alkaline conditions, and continuing stirring for 10 minutes until complete dissolution. Transferring the mixed solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the hydrothermal reaction kettle in a homogeneous reactor for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting for 48 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃. After the reaction is finished, sequentially passing the hydrothermal product through absolute ethyl alcohol and 1mol L-1The diluted nitric acid and the deionized water are centrifugally washed to be neutral, and the centrifuged product is placed into an oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃.
EXAMPLE III
In the embodiment, the amount of the kitchen waste biochar is 5.0g, and other steps are the same as in the first embodiment, and specifically the following steps are performed:
(1) preparation of kitchen waste biochar
Collecting kitchen waste, wherein the kitchen waste comprises rice and steamed breadThe crumbs, vegetables, meats, etc. are naturally air-dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then pulverized and sieved to obtain a pulverized material. Placing the pulverized material in a porcelain ark, placing in a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen gas to provide oxygen-deficient condition, and heating at 8 deg.C for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 400 ℃, the cracking time is 3 hours, and the cracking products are sequentially selected from absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5mol L-1The obtained product is washed by hydrochloric acid and deionized water, is dried in an oven for 8 hours at 70 ℃, and the dried product is ground by a mortar and is sieved by a 400-mesh sieve to obtain the kitchen waste biochar.
(2) Preparation of kitchen waste magnetic biochar
At room temperature as Fe: weighing copper sulfate pentahydrate (99.99%) and iron oxalate pentahydrate (99.99%) according to the Cu molar ratio of 1:1, dissolving in 60ml of deionized water, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain Fe: cu with a molar ratio of 1:1 and a concentration of 20mmol L-1Fe (b) of3+Salt and Cu2+A salt solution. Adding 5.0g of kitchen waste biochar into the solution, and then adding 60gL-1The solution was stirred for 10 minutes until it was completely dissolved. Transferring the mixed solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the hydrothermal reaction kettle in a homogeneous reactor for hydrothermal reaction, and reacting at the temperature of 160 ℃ for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, the hydrothermal product is sequentially subjected to absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.5mol L-1The diluted nitric acid and the deionized water are centrifugally washed to be neutral, and the centrifuged product is placed in an oven to be dried for 10 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃. In other embodiments, ferric oxalate pentahydrate may also be substituted with ferric sulfate.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing magnetic biochar by utilizing kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting the kitchen waste, air-drying until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and crushing and sieving to obtain a crushed material; the content of the kitchen waste biochar is 40 gL-1-100 gL-1;
s2: cracking the crushed materials to prepare kitchen waste biochar, and washing, drying, grinding and screening the prepared kitchen waste biochar for later use; step S2, sequentially washing with anhydrous ethanol, 0.5-1.0 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid and deionized water, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 5-10 hours, grinding with a mortar, and sieving with a 300-fold 500-mesh sieve;
s3: mixing kitchen waste biochar with Fe3+Salt and Cu2+Ultrasonically mixing salt in water, and continuously adding a strong alkali solution under the condition of continuous stirring; fe3+：Cu2+The molar ratio is 1: 1;
s4: transferring the solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal cracking reaction;
s5: and (3) carrying out vacuum filtration, cleaning and drying on the product after the hydrothermal cracking to obtain the finished product.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste biochar is prepared by cracking under an inert atmosphere, and the temperature rise rate is 5-10 ℃ for min-1The cracking temperature is 250-600 ℃, and the cracking time is 2-4 hours.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein Fe3+The salt is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate nonahydrate, ferric sulfate or ferric oxalate pentahydrate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein Cu2+The salt is copper chloride, copper nitrate trihydrate or copper sulfate pentahydrate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein Fe3+Salt and Cu2+The salt concentration was 10mmol L-1 ~30mmolL-1。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the strong alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide with a concentration of 50gL-1~80gL-1。
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 100-200 ℃, the hydrothermal reaction time is 6-48 hours, the hydrothermal product is washed by absolute ethyl alcohol, dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid and deionized water in sequence, and the washed product is placed in an oven after being washed to be neutral by vacuum filtration, and the oven drying temperature is 70-80 ℃ and the oven drying time is 8-12 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid has a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0mol L-1。
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| CN114496592A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-13 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of supercapacitor electrode material taking kitchen paper as raw material |
| CN114259985A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-01 | 中州水务控股有限公司 | Method for preparing biochar by using kitchen waste as biomass |
| CN114984956A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of magnetic sludge biochar applied to activated peroxymonosulfate for efficiently degrading sulfamethoxazole in water |
| CN114768807A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 西北工业大学深圳研究院 | Iron-carbon composite Fenton catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114832776A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Acidized puffed active biochar adsorbing material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115055161B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-10-13 | 南京林业大学 | Preparation method of magnetic activated carbon, magnetic activated carbon and application of magnetic activated carbon |
| CN115445573A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 山东大学 | Iron-aluminum modification method for kitchen waste biochar |
| CN115744999A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-03-07 | 青岛农业大学 | CuFeO with delafossite type structure 2 Biological carbon composite material and preparation method thereof |
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