CN111263830A - Method for producing a coated steel sheet - Google Patents

Method for producing a coated steel sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111263830A
CN111263830A CN201880069273.8A CN201880069273A CN111263830A CN 111263830 A CN111263830 A CN 111263830A CN 201880069273 A CN201880069273 A CN 201880069273A CN 111263830 A CN111263830 A CN 111263830A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steel sheet
coating
steel
microstructure
nickel
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Pending
Application number
CN201880069273.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阿尼尔班·查克拉博蒂
帕斯卡尔·贝尔托
哈桑·卡西米-阿马基
克里斯蒂安·阿勒利
蒂亚戈·马卡多阿莫里姆
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Publication date
Application filed by ArcelorMittal SA filed Critical ArcelorMittal SA
Priority claimed from PCT/IB2018/058155 external-priority patent/WO2019082036A1/en
Publication of CN111263830A publication Critical patent/CN111263830A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36Elongated material
    • C23C2/40Plates; Strips
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/565Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a coated steel sheet.

Description

Method for producing a coated steel sheet
The invention relates to a method for producing a coated steel sheet. The invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of motor vehicles.
Zinc-based coatings are widely used because they enable corrosion protection due to barrier protection and cathodic protection. The barrier effect is obtained by applying a metal coating on the steel surface. Thus, the metal coating prevents contact between the steel and the corrosive atmosphere. The barrier effect is independent of the nature of the coating and the substrate. In contrast, sacrificial cathodic protection is based on the fact that: zinc is a more active metal than steel. Thus, if corrosion occurs, zinc is preferentially consumed over steel. Cathodic protection is necessary in areas where the steel is directly exposed to the corrosive atmosphere (e.g., cut edges where the surrounding zinc is consumed prior to the steel).
However, when such zinc coated steel sheets are subjected to a heating step, such as hot press hardening or welding, cracks are observed in the steel that propagate from the steel/coating interface. In fact, sometimes there is a reduction in the mechanical properties of the metal, due to the presence of cracks in the coated steel sheet after the above operations. These cracks occurred with the following conditions: high temperature; in addition to the presence of external stresses, contact with liquid metals having a low melting point (e.g., zinc); uneven diffusion of molten metal to the substrate grains and grain boundaries. The name for this phenomenon is called Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME), and is also known as Liquid Metal Assisted Cracking (LMAC).
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a steel sheet coated with a metal coating layer without LME problems. The aim is to carry out a method that is practical, in particular easy to implement, to obtain parts that do not present LME problems after forming and/or welding.
This object is achieved by providing a steel sheet according to claim 1. The steel plate may further comprise any of the features of claims 2 to 12.
Another object is achieved by providing a method according to claim 13. The method may further comprise any of the features of claims 14 to 17.
A further object is achieved by providing a spot weld joint according to claim 18. The spot weld joint may further comprise the features according to claims 19 to 22.
Finally, a further object is achieved by providing the use of a steel plate or assembly according to claim 23.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
The expression "steel" or "steel sheet" means steel sheet, coil, plate, having a composition allowing the part to achieve a tensile strength of up to 2500MPa and more preferably up to 2000 MPa. For example, the tensile strength is higher than or equal to 500MPa, preferably higher than or equal to 980MPa, advantageously higher than or equal to 1180MPa and even higher than or equal to 1470 MPa.
The invention relates to a steel sheet coated with a coating comprising 10% to 40% nickel, the balance being zinc, such steel sheet having a microstructure comprising 1% to 50% retained austenite, 1% to 60% martensite and optionally at least one component selected from bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite, and having the following chemical composition by weight:
0.10%<C<0.50%,
1.0%<Mn<5.0%,
0.7%<Si<3.0%,
0.05%<Al<1.0%,
0.75%<(Si+Al)<3.0%,
and on a fully optional basis, one or more elements such as:
Nb≤0.5%,
B≤0.005%,
Cr≤1.0%,
Mo≤0.50%,
Ni≤1.0%,
Ti≤0.5%,
the remainder of the composition is composed of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from processing. In this case, the martensite may be tempered or untempered.
Without being bound by any theory, it appears that the specific steel sheet coated with a coating comprising zinc and nickel according to the invention prevents the penetration of liquid zinc into the steel during any heating step, such as welding. Thus, by applying the method according to the invention, a zinc-nickel intermetallic compound can be obtained during the above heating step. These intermetallic compounds have high melting temperatures and remain solid during the above heating step, thus preventing LME.
Preferably, the coating comprises from 10 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 20% by weight and advantageously from 11 to 15% by weight of nickel.
In a preferred embodiment, the coating is comprised of zinc and nickel.
Advantageously, the coating is in direct contact with the steel sheet.
Preferably, the thickness of the coating is 5 μm to 15 μm, and more preferably 5 μm to 10 μm.
In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 5% to 25% of retained austenite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 1% to 60%, and more preferably 10% to 60% tempered martensite.
Advantageously, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 10% to 40% bainite, such bainite comprising 10% to 20% lower bainite, 0% to 15% upper bainite and 0% to 5% carbide-free bainite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure including 1% to 25% of ferrite.
Preferably, the steel sheet has a microstructure comprising 1% to 15% untempered martensite.
According to the invention, the method for producing a coated steel sheet comprises the following steps:
A. providing an annealed steel sheet having a chemical composition according to the invention, annealing such steel sheet at a temperature of 600 ℃ to 1200 ℃, and,
B. the steel sheet obtained in step a) is coated with a coating comprising 1% to 40% nickel, the balance being zinc.
Preferably, in step a), the steel sheet is annealed in a continuous annealing. For example, continuous annealing includes heating, soaking, and cooling steps. It may also include a preheating step.
Advantageously, the heat treatment comprises 1% to 30% of H at a dew point of-10 ℃ to-60 ℃2Is carried out in an atmosphere of (2). For example, the atmosphere contains 1% to 10% H2The dew point is-10 ℃ to-60 ℃.
Preferably, the coating in step B) is deposited by vacuum deposition or electroplating methods. Advantageously, the coating is deposited by an electroplating method.
After manufacturing the steel sheet, in order to produce certain parts of the vehicle, it is known to assemble by welding two metal sheets. Thus, a spot welded joint is formed during welding of at least two metal plates, the point being a connection between the at least two metal plates.
To produce the spot welded joint according to the invention, the welding is carried out with an effective strength (effective intensity) of 3kA to 15kA and a force exerted on the electrode of 150daN to 850daN, wherein the active surface of the electrode has a diameter of 4mm to 10 mm.
Thus, a spot welded joint comprising at least two metal sheets of at least one coated steel sheet according to the invention is obtained, such joint comprising less than 2 cracks of a size greater than 100 μm, and wherein the longest crack has a length less than 250 μm.
Preferably, the second metal plate is a steel plate or an aluminum plate. More preferably, the second metal sheet is a steel sheet according to the invention.
In another embodiment, the spot weld joint comprises a third metal plate, which is a steel or aluminum plate. The third metal sheet is, for example, a steel sheet according to the invention.
The steel sheet or spot welded joint according to the invention can be used for manufacturing parts for motor vehicles.
The invention will now be described in experiments performed solely for the purpose of providing information. They are not limiting.
Examples
For all samples, the steel sheet used had the following composition in weight percent:
steel sheet 1: 0.37 wt% of C, 1.9 wt% of Mn, 1.9 wt% of Si, 0.35 wt% of Cr, 0.05 wt% of Al and 0.1 wt% of Mo, and
-steel plate 2: 0.18 wt% for C, 2.7 wt% for Mn, 0.05 wt% for Al, and 1.8 wt% for Si.
By containing 5% H at a dew point of-60 deg.C2And 95% of N2In a continuous annealing to prepare trials 1 to 4. The steel 1 and steel 2 plates were heated at temperatures of 900 ℃ and 820 ℃ respectively. The panels of test 1 and test 2 were then coated with a coating comprising 13% nickel, the balance being zinc. The coating is deposited by an electrodeposition process.
For the purpose of comparison in experiments 3 and 4, pure zinc was electrodeposited on the plates 1 and 2 which had been heat-treated under the above conditions.
The LME resistance of the above test was evaluated using resistance spot welding. For this purpose, for each test, two coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding. The electrode type is ISO B type with the diameter of 16 mm; the force of the electrodes was 5kN and the flow rate of water was 1.5 g/min. Details of the welding cycle are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 welding Process
Welding time Pulse of light Pulse (cycle) Cooling time (cycle) Maintenance time (cycle)
Period of time 2 12 2 10
The number of cracks greater than 100 μm was then evaluated using an optical microscope as well as SEM (scanning electron microscope), as reported below in table 2.
TABLE 2 details of LME cracking after spot welding (two-layer Stacking Condition)
Figure BDA0002462364010000051
*: according to the invention.
Tests 1 and 2 according to the invention show an excellent resistance to LME compared to tests 3 and 4.
LME crack resistance behavior was also evaluated using three-layer stacking conditions. For each test, three coated steel sheets were welded together by resistance spot welding. The number of cracks of 100 μm was then evaluated using an optical microscope, as reported in table 3.
TABLE 3 details of LME cracking after spot welding (three-layer Stacking Condition)
Test of Steel plate Cracks per weld point: (>100 μm) of the total amount of the organic solvent Maximum crack length (mum)
Test 1 1 1 150
Experiment 2 2 0 200
Test 3 1 7 850
Test 4 2 3 350
*: according to the invention.
Tests 1 and 2 according to the invention show an excellent resistance to LME compared to tests 3 and 4.

Claims (23)

1. A steel sheet coated with a coating comprising 10% to 40% nickel, the balance zinc, such steel sheet having a microstructure comprising 1% to 50% retained austenite, 1% to 60% martensite and optionally at least one component selected from bainite, ferrite, cementite and pearlite, and having the following chemical composition by weight:
0.10%<C<0.50%,
1.0%<Mn<5.0%,
0.7%<Si<3.0%,
0.05%<Al<1.0%,
0.75%<(Si+Al)<3.0%,
and on a fully optional basis, one or more elements such as:
Nb≤0.5%,
B≤0.005%,
Cr≤1.0%,
Mo≤0.50%,
Ni≤1.0%,
Ti≤0.5%,
the remainder of the composition is composed of iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from processing.
2. Steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the coating comprises from 10 to 30 wt.% of nickel.
3. Steel sheet according to claim 2, wherein the coating comprises from 10 to 20 wt.% of nickel.
4. Steel sheet according to claim 3, wherein the coating consists of zinc and nickel.
5. Steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coating is in direct contact with the steel sheet.
6. Steel sheet according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thickness of the coating is from 5 to 15 μm.
7. Steel sheet according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the coating is from 5 to 10 μm.
8. Steel sheet according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises from 5% to 25% of retained austenite.
9. Steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the microstructure of the steel sheet comprising 1 to 60% tempered martensite.
10. Steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises 10 to 40% bainite.
11. Steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises 1 to 25% ferrite.
12. Steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet comprises 1 to 15% untempered martensite.
13. A method for manufacturing a coated steel sheet, comprising the steps of:
A. providing an annealed steel sheet having a chemical composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, annealing such steel sheet at a temperature of 600 to 1200 ℃, and
B. coating the steel sheet obtained in step a) with a coating comprising 1% to 40% nickel, the balance being zinc.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein in step a), the steel sheet is annealed in a continuous annealing.
15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein in step a), the annealing comprises 1% to 30% H at a dew point of-10 ℃ to-60 ℃2Is carried out in an atmosphere of (2).
16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, the coating in step B) being deposited by a vacuum deposition or electroplating method.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the coating is deposited by an electroplating process.
18. A spot welded joint of at least two metal plates comprising at least a steel plate according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or obtainable by a method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, said joint comprising less than 2 cracks of size greater than 100 μ ι η and wherein the longest crack is less than 250 μ ι η in length.
19. The spot weld joint according to claim 18 wherein the second metal plate is a steel or aluminum plate.
20. Spot weld joint according to claim 19, wherein the second metal sheet is a steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or a steel sheet obtainable by the method according to claims 13 to 17.
21. The spot weld joint according to any one of claims 18 to 20 comprising a third metal plate, the third metal plate being a steel or aluminium plate.
22. The spot weld joint according to claim 21 wherein the joint does not comprise cracks greater than 100 μ ι η in size.
23. Use of a coated steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or a spot weld according to any one of claims 18 to 22 for the manufacture of a part for a motor vehicle.
CN201880069273.8A 2016-12-21 2018-10-19 Method for producing a coated steel sheet Pending CN111263830A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IB2016001800 2016-12-21
PCT/IB2017/001288 WO2018115948A1 (en) 2016-12-21 2017-10-24 A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet
IBPCT/IB2017/001288 2017-10-24
PCT/IB2018/058155 WO2019082036A1 (en) 2017-10-24 2018-10-19 A method for the manufacture of a coated steel sheet

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CN111263830A true CN111263830A (en) 2020-06-09

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JP (1) JP2021500475A (en)
CN (1) CN111263830A (en)
BR (1) BR112020006003B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2901514T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE056714T2 (en)
MA (1) MA50452B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2020004304A (en)
PL (1) PL3701057T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2759389C2 (en)
UA (1) UA126083C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2018115948A1 (en)

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