CN111262629A - micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation - Google Patents
micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/501—Structural aspects
- H04B10/502—LED transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation. The system of the invention comprises the following steps in sequence: the micro-LED light source comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit, a signal mixing unit, a micro-LED light source, a plurality of lenses, a photoelectric detector, an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a signal processing unit; the micro-LED is used as an emission light source, the modulation bandwidth can reach 230 MHz, the working current density of the micro-LED is extremely high, the average brightness is extremely high, the communication rate of a plurality of Gbps is achieved, and the development requirement of next generation high-speed communication is met; in addition, the system is simplified and the frequency spectrum utilization rate is improved through the sCAP modulation mode, the frequency spectrum can be utilized by 100 percent, and the frequency spectrum utilization rate is increased to 9.12 bits/s/Hz. The invention combines the two, can fully exert the advantages of high bandwidth and high spectrum efficiency, and can obtain ultrahigh-speed communication rate. The invention has great application prospect under certain frequency spectrum resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a visible light communication system based on an LED.
Background
With the wide use of radio frequency communication, the spectrum resources are increasingly tense, and microwave, millimeter wave and optical communication technologies are rapidly developed to expand the communication spectrum. Visible Light Communication (VLC), which is not limited by the shortage of the existing spectrum resources, can provide a higher communication rate, and has the advantages of being combined with lighting, is an effective supplement to the radio frequency communication technology, and thus has attracted attention. The visible light communication system mainly utilizes an LED light source as a signal transmitter, but the modulation bandwidth of a commercial LED is only tens of MHz at most, and the communication rate is greatly limited. Meanwhile, an efficient modulation mode adopted in the visible light communication system is also a key factor influencing the communication quality and the communication rate.
Chinese patent application publication No. 110266385a discloses a visible light communication system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and an OFDM subcarrier mapping method. The flow is shown in figure 1. The method has the disadvantages that complex subcarrier mapping and fast Fourier transform are required in system design, which increases the complexity of the system, and strict orthogonal relation is required among subcarriers, which is easily affected by LED nonlinearity and channel noise to cause error codes; moreover, the band utilization is relatively low.
As a novel light source, the Micro-LED has the advantages of micron-scale size, large current density, high brightness, small junction capacitance and the like, and the modulation bandwidth can reach hundreds of MHz, so that the Micro-LED visible light communication technology can obtain the transmission rate up to Gbps, and the Micro-LED is concerned in the field of visible light communication.
The invention discloses a novel multi-carrier multiplexing technology named as staggered carrierless amplitude and phase (sCAP) modulation, which has the characteristics of high frequency band utilization rate, simple system design and the like, can optimize the system performance, and discloses a micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation.
Abbreviations and term definitions herein:
sCAP: interleaved carrierless amplitude and phase modulation; OFDM: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation; micro-LED: a micron-sized light emitting diode; VLC: visible light communication; bias-tee: t-shaped biaser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation, which aims to solve the problems of low transmission rate, low frequency band utilization rate and complex structure of the current visible light communication system.
The invention provides a micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation, which comprises the following components in sequence: the micro-LED light source comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit, a signal mixing unit, a micro-LED light source, a plurality of lenses, a photoelectric detector, an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a signal processing unit; wherein:
the micro-LED light source is used for emitting optical signals and completing the conversion from electric signals to optical signals;
the micro-LED light source is basically composed of a substrate, an n-GaN layer, an InGaN/GaN quantum well layer and a p-GaN epitaxial layer, and the shape of each micro-LED can be any shape according to actual needs.
Optionally, the micro-LED substrate is a sapphire substrate, a silicon substrate, a GaN substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, a flexible PET substrate, or other lattice-matched substrates.
Preferably, the micro-LED size is 0.5-300 μm, and the-3 dB modulation bandwidth of each micro-LED is different from 10MHz to 2 GHz.
The digital-to-analog conversion unit, namely 'DAC', utilizes the modulation digital signal to generate an electric signal to complete digital-to-analog conversion, and the electric signal is combined with direct current voltage to drive the micro-LED.
Alternatively, the digital-to-analog conversion unit may be various types of waveform generators and digital-to-analog converters.
Preferably, the transmission symbol rate (baud rate) of the digital-to-analog conversion unit may be from 0 to 10 Gbaut/s.
The signal mixing unit is provided with a plurality of ports and is used for mixing single or a plurality of modulation signals and direct current signals; the RF port inputs an analog signal generated by the digital-to-analog conversion unit, the DC port inputs a direct current signal, the output port is connected with the micro-LED, and a driving signal combining the RF port and the DC port is output.
Alternatively, the signal mixing unit may be a T-Bias (Bias-tee) or other type of multi-port signal mixing device.
The photoelectric detector is used for receiving the optical signal and converting the optical signal into an electric signal.
High sensitivity photodetectors may be used, optionally including, but not limited to, the following: avalanche photodiode, PIN photodiode, photomultiplier, Schottky photodiode.
The lenses mainly comprise two lenses: the collimating lens of the micro-LED at the emitting end and the focusing lens of the photoelectric detector at the receiving end are used for collimating light beams, so that light spots reaching the photoelectric detector are minimized, and the received light power is maximized.
The analog-to-digital conversion unit, namely the ADC is used for receiving the electric signals obtained by the photoelectric detector, completing analog-to-digital conversion, obtaining waveform information of the electric signals and exporting a received data file.
Optionally, the analog-to-digital conversion unit may be various types of high-speed oscilloscopes, signal quality analyzers, and other digital-to-analog converters.
And the signal processing unit recovers the data transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion unit by using a demodulation algorithm corresponding to the sCAP, and obtains information such as the bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio and the like of the signal through calculation.
Under the conditions that the system component is ensured to be normal and the light path is completely built, firstly, the original binary data is coded and modulated, and a modulation signal and a direct current signal are combined to drive a micro-LED; and receiving the optical signal at a receiving end by using a photoelectric detector, converting the optical signal into an electric signal, and demodulating and decoding the acquired data to realize data recovery. This is the basic technical idea of the present invention. Furthermore, in this system, micro-LEDs operate within a limited range, and in order to optimize the received optical signal, collimating and focusing lenses are used to maximize the received optical power.
The implementation flow of the system (shown in fig. 3) is as follows:
step 1: mapping the binary bit stream to symbols according to a modulation order;
step 2: the digital signal is up-sampled. Modulating a source signal according to an sCAP algorithm, and generating an analog signal which can be used for driving a micro-LED by using a digital-to-analog conversion unit;
and step 3: the signal mixing unit mixes the generated modulation signal with direct current bias voltage to drive the micro-LED to emit light, and a lens is used for collimation and focusing at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively;
and 4, step 4: receiving the optical signal by using a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector to realize photoelectric signal conversion;
and 5: the down sampling is realized by an analog-to-digital conversion unit connected with the photoelectric detector to complete the analog-to-digital conversion;
step 6: and (4) the sampled data is transmitted to a signal processing unit, the data is recovered by using a demodulation algorithm corresponding to the sCAP, and information such as the bit error rate, the signal to noise ratio and the like of the signal is obtained.
The operating principle of the sCAP demodulation algorithm of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4, which is specifically described as follows:
in a code element period, dividing and mapping the binary bit stream into 4 paths of pulse amplitude modulation code elements; then, the code element is up-sampled and is respectively convoluted with the corresponding 4 shaping filter response functions, wherein a half-period time offset is added to the second path; adding the generated 4 paths of analog signals, driving a light emitter, and collecting light signals by a photoelectric detector after the light emitter is transmitted by a channel; the collected analog signals respectively pass through corresponding filters, wherein the filters are time domain inversions of filters at a transmitting end, and half-period time offsets are added except for a second path; finally, after down sampling and inverse mapping of the signal, the data is recovered by parallel-serial conversion. The key point is the design of the filter.
f 0 (n)、 f 1 (n)、 f 2 (n)Andf 3 (n)represents 4 quadrature shaping filters tof 0 (n)The reference value is used as the reference value,f 0 (n)is a raised cosine filter which is a digital signal with a high frequency,f 1 (n)andf 2 (n)is a pair of filters having a hilbert relationship,f 3 (n)is thatf 0 (n)The mathematical expression of (1) is:
it should be noted that it is preferable that,f 1 (n)andf 2 (n)with an offset of T/2, T being the symbol period, to avoid intersymbol interference.
The receive-side filter being the time-domain inverse of the transmit-side filter, i.e.f 0(-n)、f 1(-n)、f 2(-n) andf 3(-n) and is exceptf 1Outside of (-n), the remaining filters add half-cycle time offsets.
The recovered data is compared with the transmitted data, the number of error codes is found out, and the error code rate is calculated.
According to the micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation, on one hand, a micro-LED is used as an emission light source, due to the fact that the micro-LED has small junction capacitance and high response frequency, the modulation bandwidth can reach 230 MHz and far exceeds the bandwidth of a common large-size LED, the working current density of the micro-LED is extremely high, and the average brightness is very high, the highest communication speed of Gbps can be achieved by the visible light communication system adopting the micro-LED, and the development requirement of next-generation high-speed communication is met; on the other hand, compared with the traditional frequency division multiplexing modulation technology, the sCAP disclosed by the invention does not need additional carriers, and only needs to meet the orthogonality of a filter during design, thereby achieving the effects of simplifying the system and improving the frequency spectrum utilization rate. And the carrier-free sCAP modulation mode is applied to a micro-LED visible light communication system, and does not need strict orthogonal relation among a large number of subcarriers like the modulation modes such as OFDM and the like, so that the influence of LED nonlinearity and channel noise can be avoided perfectly. In addition, in the field of visible light communication, the micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation combines the advantages of the two, and utilizes the frequency spectrum 100% by the sCAP modulation mode to maximally utilize the high modulation bandwidth of the micro-LED so as to obtain the ultra-high speed communication speed.
In the test experiment of the system, the micro-LED with the modulation bandwidth of about 230 MHz can obtain the communication rate of 2 Gbps at most, which is equivalent to the spectral efficiency of about 9.12 bit/s/Hz, and exceeds the data reported at present. Therefore, the invention has great application prospect under certain frequency spectrum resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a technical solution in the prior art.
Fig. 2 shows a basic principle of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the escap modulation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a system configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, the micro-LED visible light communication system based on the escap modulation provided by the invention takes practical escap-4 and GaN-based micro-LED with a wavelength of 450nm as an example, and fig. 5 is a practical structural diagram of the experimental example.
The experimental device comprises a direct current signal unit 501 for supplying direct current to a light source; a digital-to-analog conversion unit 502 that can convert various digital signals into electric signals, such as video signals, voice signals, or waveform generators; a signal mixing unit 503, such as a T-type polarizer, having three ports for mixing the dc signal and the rf signal; the micro-LED 504 is used for converting an electric signal into an optical signal; a series of lenses 505, collimating the light beam; a photodetector 506, such as an avalanche photodiode, a PIN photodiode, a photomultiplier, for performing photoelectric conversion; an analog-to-digital conversion unit 507, such as an oscilloscope, for obtaining a voice video or any signal decoding information; the signal processing unit 508 includes various corresponding signal processing programs and signal quality analyzers, and is used to obtain information such as the bit error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission signal.
The operation steps are as follows:
step 1: generating a string of pseudo-random binary sequences by using a digital signal generating unit, and mapping the sequences into 0, 1, 2 and 3 numerical code elements corresponding to PAM-4;
step 2: upsampling by zero padding between each symbol;
and step 3: carrying out digital signal modulation by an sCAP algorithm to obtain a data file which needs to be sent to an arbitrary waveform generator (TektronixAWG 710B 4.2 GS/s 2.1 GHz);
and 4, step 4: an analog signal generated by an arbitrary waveform generator and a direct current signal are combined through Bias-tee to drive the 450nm GaN micro-LED. The arbitrary waveform generator sets the signal transmission rate to be 2 Gbaud/s, the voltage peak value Vpp to be 2V, and the direct current power supply sets the current to be 21 mA;
and 5: receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal using a high-speed photodetector, such as an avalanche photodiode or PIN detector;
step 6: and receiving the signal generated by the photoelectric detector by using a high-speed oscilloscope (Agilent DSA-X96204Q 160GS/s 62GHz) and displaying the waveform, setting the acquisition frequency of the oscilloscope to be 5Gbps, demodulating and decoding data, and calculating the bit error rate and the signal to noise ratio.
The final error rate is lower than the forward error correction code threshold value by 3.8 multiplied by 10-3Under the condition of (2 Gbps), the transmission rate is successfully obtained, and the spectral efficiency is 9.12 bit/s/Hz. The invention has excellent performance no matter transmission rate or spectrum efficiency. Compared with the traditional modulation mode, the invention has the outstanding advantage that the frequency spectrum utilization rate is 100 percent.
The micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation adopts an sCAP modulation mode, replaces the traditional frequency division multiplexing technology, adopts the orthogonal filter to realize frequency spectrum multiplexing, does not need additional subcarriers, effectively improves the frequency spectrum efficiency of visible light communication, and greatly simplifies the system design.
In addition, the micro-LED is used as a light source, the micro-LED has the characteristics of small size and high brightness, the small junction capacitance determines that the micro-LED has very high response frequency, the modulation bandwidth of the micro-LED is tens of times higher than that of a common LED, and the data rate of visible light communication can be effectively improved.
Finally, the invention combines the sCAP modulation mode and the micro-LED, utilizes the advantages of the sCAP modulation mode and the micro-LED, improves the utilization efficiency of the sCAP modulation mode on the basis of improving the modulation bandwidth, and can maximize the communication rate of the visible light communication system.
Reference documents:
1. chinese patent publication No. CN110266385A, publication date 09/13/2019.
Claims (10)
1. The micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation is characterized by sequentially comprising: the micro-LED light source comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit, a signal mixing unit, a micro-LED light source, a plurality of lenses, a photoelectric detector, an analog-to-digital conversion unit and a signal processing unit; wherein:
the micro-LED light source is used for emitting optical signals and completing the conversion from electric signals to optical signals;
the digital-to-analog conversion unit generates an electric signal by using the modulation digital signal to complete digital-to-analog conversion, and the electric signal is combined with direct-current voltage to drive the micro-LED;
the signal mixing unit is provided with a plurality of ports and is used for mixing single or a plurality of modulation signals and direct current signals; the RF port inputs an analog signal generated by the digital-to-analog conversion unit, the DC port inputs a direct current signal, the output port is connected with the micro-LED, and a driving signal combining the RF port and the DC port is output;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving optical signals and converting the optical signals into electric signals;
the lenses mainly comprise two lenses: the collimating lens of the micro-LED at the emitting end and the focusing lens of the photoelectric detector at the receiving end are used for collimating light beams, so that light spots reaching the photoelectric detector are minimized, and the received light power is maximized;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for receiving the electric signal obtained by the photoelectric detector, completing analog-to-digital conversion, obtaining waveform information of the electric signal and exporting a received data file;
and the signal processing unit recovers the data transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion unit by using a demodulation algorithm corresponding to the sCAP, and obtains information such as the bit error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio and the like of the signal through calculation.
2. The sCAP modulation-based micro-LED visible light communication system according to claim 1, wherein the micro-LED light source has a basic structure comprising a substrate, an n-GaN layer, an InGaN/GaN quantum well layer and a p-GaN epitaxial layer in sequence.
3. The sCAP modulation-based micro-LED visible light communication system according to claim 2, wherein the micro-LED size is 0.5-300 μm, and the-3 dB modulation bandwidth of each micro-LED is 10 MHz-2 GHz.
4. The micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation of claim 1, wherein the transmission symbol rate of the digital-to-analog conversion unit is 0 to 10 Gbaut/s.
5. The sCAP modulation-based micro-LED visible light communication system according to claim 1, wherein the signal mixing unit is a T-shaped biaser or other type of multi-port signal mixing device.
6. The sCAP modulation-based micro-LED visible light communication system of claim 1, wherein the photodetector is an avalanche photodiode, a PIN photodiode, a photomultiplier, or a Schottky photodiode.
7. The sCAP modulation-based micro-LED visible light communication system according to claim 1, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion unit is a high-speed oscilloscope or a signal quality analyzer.
8. The micro-LED visible light communication system based on sCAP modulation of claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit recovers data by using a demodulation algorithm corresponding to the sCAP and obtains the bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio information of the signal; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in a code element period, dividing and mapping the binary bit stream into 4 paths of pulse amplitude modulation code elements; then, the code elements are up-sampled and are respectively convoluted with the corresponding shaping filter response functions, wherein a half-period time offset is added to the second path; adding the generated 4 paths of analog signals, driving a light emitter, and collecting light signals by a photoelectric detector after the light emitter is transmitted by a channel; the collected analog signals respectively pass through corresponding filters, wherein the filters are time domain inversions of filters at a transmitting end, and half-period time offsets are added except for a second path; and finally, after downsampling and inverse mapping, performing parallel-serial conversion to recover data.
9. An sCAP modulation based micro-LED visible light communication system according to claim 8, wherein the filter is designed as follows:
is provided withf 0 (n)、 f 1 (n)、 f 2 (n)Andf 3 (n)represents 4 quadrature shaping filters tof 0 (n)The reference value is used as the reference value,f 0 (n)is a raised cosine filter which is a digital signal with a high frequency,f 1 (n)andf 2 (n)is a pair of filters having a hilbert relationship,f 3 (n)is thatf 0 (n)The mathematical expression of (1) is:
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,f 1 (n)andf 2 (n)adding a T/2 offset to avoid intersymbol interference, wherein T is a code element period;
the receive-side filter being the time-domain inverse of the transmit-side filter, i.e.f 0(-n)、f 1(-n)、f 2(-n) andf 3(-n) and is exceptf 1Outside of (-n), the remaining filters add half-cycle time offsets.
10. The micro-LED visible light communication system based on the escap modulation according to claim 9, wherein the implementation procedure is as follows:
step 1: generating a binary bit stream by using a digital signal generating module, and mapping code elements according to a modulation order;
step 2: up-sampling the digital signal; modulating a source signal according to an sCAP algorithm, and generating an analog signal for driving a micro-LED by using a digital-to-analog conversion unit;
and step 3: the signal mixing unit mixes the generated modulation signal with direct current bias voltage to drive the micro-LED to emit light, and a lens is used for collimation and focusing at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively;
and 4, step 4: receiving the optical signal by using a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector to realize photoelectric signal conversion;
and 5: the down sampling is realized by an analog-to-digital conversion unit connected with the photoelectric detector to complete the analog-to-digital conversion;
step 6: and (4) the sampled data is transmitted to a signal processing unit, the data is recovered by using a demodulation algorithm corresponding to the sCAP, and the error rate and signal-to-noise ratio information of the signal are obtained by calculation.
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XIAOYAN LIU: "《Gbps Long-Distance Real-Time Visible Light Communications Using a High-Bandwidth GaN-Based Micro-LED 》", 《IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL》 * |
毛焰烽: "《面向智能交通的高速可见光系统》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文库》 * |
胡成伟: "无线网络中的OFDM与MIMO技术的融合", 《中国新通信》 * |
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WO2021259354A1 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Signal transmission method, system, network device and storage medium |
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