CN111262267B - Extensible solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station - Google Patents
Extensible solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN111262267B CN111262267B CN201811455002.4A CN201811455002A CN111262267B CN 111262267 B CN111262267 B CN 111262267B CN 201811455002 A CN201811455002 A CN 201811455002A CN 111262267 B CN111262267 B CN 111262267B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to an expandable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station, comprising: the system comprises a fuel cell power generation array, a power conversion expansion module, a gas supply expansion module, a power station control module and an upper computer. The invention has the characteristics of easy expansion, convenient maintenance, reliable operation, high operation efficiency, simple and effective energy management strategy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cell distributed power generation, in particular to an extensible solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station.
Background
The solid oxide fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy at medium and high temperature, has the advantages of wide fuel adaptability, high energy conversion efficiency, all solid state, modular assembly, zero pollution and the like, and can directly use various hydrocarbon fuels such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, natural gas, liquefied gas, coal gas, biomass gas and the like. The method can be used in the field of distributed power generation.
The output of the solid oxide fuel cell is high-temperature tail gas which can be recycled, a combined heat and power system is constructed, and the utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
The capacity of the distributed power station needs to meet the load power, and the single-pile power generation power of the solid oxide fuel cell is limited under the prior art condition.
Therefore, the capacity of the existing pile module is expanded, and a combined heat and power station meeting the load power is developed, so that the method has important significance on energy and environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant comprising:
the fuel cell power generation array comprises a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell power generation modules which can independently operate, wherein the power output end of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module is connected with the power conversion expansion module and outputs power to the power conversion expansion module;
the power conversion expansion module comprises a plurality of groups of direct current conversion channels and alternating current conversion channels, wherein the input end of each direct current conversion channel is connected with the electric energy output end of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module through a cable, the output end of each direct current conversion channel is connected with the input end of the corresponding alternating current conversion channel through a cable, and the output end of each alternating current conversion channel is connected with an electric load through a cable to output electric energy to the electric load;
the gas supply expansion module is used for respectively connecting a gas source with each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module in the fuel cell power generation array through a branch pipeline and introducing gas required by reaction into each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module;
the power station control module is provided with an acquisition input interface connected with a sensor signal in the gas supply expansion module, and a communication interface respectively connected with a communication interface of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module controller of the fuel cell power generation array, a communication interface of each converter in the power conversion expansion module and a communication interface of the controller in the tail gas recovery expansion module; monitoring the pressure of a fuel gas source of a distributed power station, monitoring the running state of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module and controlling the power generation amount of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, monitoring the running state of each converter of a power conversion expansion module and controlling the charging and discharging of each converter, monitoring the running state of a tail gas recovery expansion module and setting the heat load demand;
and the upper computer is connected with a communication interface of the controller in the power station control module and is used for remotely monitoring the power station control module.
Each group of direct current conversion channels comprises a boost DCDC converter, a bidirectional DCDC converter and a super capacitor, the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DCDC converter, and the output end of the bidirectional DCDC converter is connected with the output end of the boost DCDC converter; the alternating current conversion channel is a DCAC inverter, and the boost DCDC converter, the bidirectional DCDC converter, the DCAC inverter and the multi-path controllable switch control end are respectively connected with the control output signal end of the power station control module.
The power station control module comprises a gas pressure sensor, a voltage and current sensor, an acquisition input interface, a communication interface and a controller;
the gas pressure sensor is arranged on the gas supply expansion module and used for collecting pressure signals of a fuel main pipeline in the gas supply expansion module; the acquisition input interface is connected and is sent to the controller through the acquisition input interface;
the voltage and current sensors are respectively arranged in the converter input and output loop in the power conversion expansion module, acquire the converter input and output voltage signals and current signals and send the acquired voltage signals and current signals to the controller through the acquisition input interface;
the controller obtains the electric load demand according to the acquired voltage signal and current signal, and the working states of the converter and the super capacitor distribute the discharge capacity of each power generation module and the charge and discharge capacity of the super capacitor to meet the electric load demand.
The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module includes:
the gas supply system is connected with the fuel cell stack system through a pipeline, gas required by reaction is introduced into the fuel cell stack system, and the control end of the gas supply system is connected with the control output interface of the control system;
the fuel cell stack system comprises an electric energy output lead, and an electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system is connected with an input end of the power conversion system and outputs electric energy to the power conversion system;
the output end of the power conversion system is connected with an internal load and an external load and outputs electric energy to the internal load and the external load, and the control end of the DCDC converter is in signal connection with the control output end of the control system;
the control system comprises a plurality of thermocouples, a plurality of voltage and current sensors, a plurality of controllable switches and a controller, wherein the plurality of thermocouples and the plurality of voltage and current sensors are in signal connection with the acquisition input interface of the control system; the multi-path controllable switch is in signal connection with the control output interface of the control system; the controller includes a communication interface that resets the control output according to the collected load power demand.
The gas supply system comprises a fuel supply pipeline for supplying gas required by the reaction; the fuel is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile in the fuel cell pile system through a pipeline and a flow regulating valve; the air in the environment is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through an air pump; the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the atmosphere via a fan via a pipe.
The fuel cell stack system includes:
the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack are connected with the heat exchanger, so that fuel at the anode and air at the cathode are preheated by the heat exchanger and then are introduced into the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack; the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the burner are communicated with a combustion chamber; the fuel cell stack is provided with an electric energy output lead wire for outputting electric energy;
the output end of the reforming chamber is led into the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger, so that the reformed gas enters the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the output end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the heat exchanger, so that the tail gas communicated with the combustion chamber is combusted and then subjected to heat recovery through the heat exchanger;
and the output of the cold end of the heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the anode and cathode inlets of the electric pile, so that the reformed fuel and cathode air enter the electric pile after being preheated by the heat exchanger.
The power conversion system comprises a DCDC converter and a lithium battery pack; the input end of the DCDC converter is connected with the electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system, and the lithium battery pack is connected with the output end of the DCDC converter.
The control system comprises a controller, a sensor and a flow regulating device, wherein the sensor is connected with the controller through a signal cable and sends acquired data to the controller; the controller is connected with the flow regulating device and controls the flow regulating device.
The sensor includes:
the fuel flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fuel regulating valve and used for collecting the anode fuel flow;
the air flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan and used for collecting the air flow of the cathode;
the fuel cell stack temperature sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack and used for collecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the reforming temperature sensor is arranged in the reforming chamber and used for collecting the temperature of the reforming chamber;
the tail gas temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger and used for collecting the temperature of the tail gas;
the electric pile current sensor is arranged on an electric pile electric energy output loop and used for collecting electric pile output current;
the electric pile voltage sensor is arranged at the electric energy output end of the electric pile and used for collecting the output voltage of the electric pile;
and the combustible gas sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack system and used for collecting the concentration of combustible gas.
The tail gas recovery and expansion module comprises a tail gas collection unit, a circulating fan, a heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a liquid level sensor, a water feeding pump, a reservoir, a water tank and a tail gas controller;
the tail gas controller is connected with the power station control module through a communication interface, receives a heat load demand set value of the power station control module, sets a heat load demand value according to the power station control module controller, and controls the recovered heat through controlling the rotating speed of the circulating fan and the circulating water pump; the tail gas collecting unit is connected with the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module through a pipeline, collects tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, the output end of the tail gas is connected with the inlet of the circulating fan through the pipeline, the outlet of the circulating fan is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger through the pipeline, water in the water tank is pumped to the input end of the heat exchanger through the pipeline by the circulating water pump, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a user pipeline to provide hot water for a user, and the water pump is used for pumping water in the water storage tank to the water tank; the liquid level sensor is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, collects the liquid level information of the water tank and sends the liquid level information to the tail gas controller; the temperature sensor is arranged in the tail gas collecting unit and used for collecting the temperature of the recovered tail gas and sending the temperature to the tail gas controller; the tail gas controller collects temperature sensor information and a set value of the power station controller, controls the rotating speed of the circulating fan and the circulating water pump, and uploads the running state of the tail gas expansion module to the power station controller through the communication interface.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
the invention is easy to expand, convenient to maintain, reliable to operate, simple and effective in energy management strategy and high in power station operation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the plant architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of the electrical structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell power module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural connection diagram of the tail gas recovery expansion module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as modified in the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the power station structure of the present invention;
an expandable fixed solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station comprises a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell power generation module arrays capable of operating independently, a gas supply expansion module, a power conversion expansion module, a tail gas recovery expansion module and a power station control module.
The power station control module comprises a power station controller, a touch screen and a sensor. The power station controller is used for power station energy management, the touch screen is used for manual debugging and displaying the running state of the power station in real time, and the sensor is used for collecting key variable parameters of the power station. The acquisition input interface is respectively connected with a gas pressure sensor arranged on the gas supply expansion module and a multi-path voltage and current sensor arranged on the power conversion expansion module; and the communication interface is respectively connected with the controller communication interface of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, the element communication interface in the power conversion expansion module and the controller communication interface of the tail gas recovery expansion module, collects the operation information of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module and can control the power generation amount of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, collects the operation state of the converter in the power conversion expansion module and controls the charging and discharging of the converter, and sets a required heat load to the tail gas expansion module.
When the load demand of the power station changes, the super capacitor provides peak power, then power distribution is carried out again to meet the load power, each power generation module operates at the maximum power generation efficiency point, and the super capacitor operates in the optimal working interval.
And the power distribution determines the power generation amount range of each direct current power supply channel according to the operation states of each power generation module and the super capacitor. And distributing the discharge capacity of each direct current power supply channel according to the load requirement of the power station and the power generation capacity of each direct current power supply channel.
The output current of the boost DCDC converter is controllable, and the discharge power of the boost DCDC converter can be controlled. The output voltage of the bidirectional DCDC converter is controllable, and the charge and discharge power of the bidirectional DCDC converter can be controlled. Controlling the discharge power of each direct current main power supply channel and the charge and discharge power of the direct current auxiliary power supply channel through a boost DCDC converter and a bidirectional DCDC converter;
and through a communication interface, the discharge power distribution of each parallel power generation module is set, so that each power generation module operates at the maximum power generation efficiency point, and the total discharge power meets the power requirement of the boost DCDC converter.
When the power generation module has a fault, the discharge power of the fault power generation module is set to be 0, and the discharge power setting of other parallel power generation modules is increased to meet the load requirement. After the power generation module is replaced, the state detection of the power generation module is carried out again, and the discharge power of the power generation module can be reset.
The power station controller at least comprises a networking communication interface, an upper computer communication interface and a touch screen communication interface, wherein the networking communication interface is in signal connection with each power generation module communication interface, each boosting DCDC converter communication interface, each bidirectional DCDC converter communication interface and a tail gas recovery controller communication interface; the upper computer communication interface is in signal connection with the upper computer communication interface, so that the upper computer can conveniently perform remote monitoring; the touch screen communication interface is communicated with the touch screen, and the display and debugging of the running state of the on-site power station are realized.
The power station controller has a fault diagnosis function and performs corresponding alarm notification and on-off control of the switch according to the fault.
Example 1: and (3) constructing a 100kW solid oxide fuel cell distributed power station and managing energy.
The power station comprises 4 direct current power supply channels 1-4 and 2 direct current inversion channels. The direct current power supply channel comprises a direct current main power supply channel and a direct current auxiliary power supply channel. The direct current power supply channel comprises 6 power generation modules connected in parallel and 1 boosting DCDC converter. The direct current auxiliary power supply channel comprises a super capacitor module and 1 bidirectional DCDC converter. The 2 paths of inversion channels are mutually independent. The power generation module is a 5kW power generation module; outputting 48VDC, wherein the boost DCDC converter is a boost converter converting 48V into 240V, the rated power is 30kW, and the output current is controllable; the super capacitor module is a 48VDC module; the bidirectional DCDC converter is a bidirectional DCDC converter converting 48V to 240V, the rated power is 30kW, and the output voltage is controllable; the inverter converts direct current into three-phase electricity to be output, and the rated power of each circuit is 60 kW.
The power station energy management principle is as follows:
before the load demand of the power station changes, 4 direct current power supply channels discharge power through the inverter to be equal to the load demand of the power station, namely
(Pch1+Pch2)*ηdcac1+(Pch3+Pch4)*ηdcac1＝PLoad
After the load requirement of the power station changes, the discharge power of each direct current power supply channel changes, and the super capacitor provides peak power, namely
(Pch1’+Pch2’)*ηdcac1+(Pch3’+Pch4’)*ηdcac1＝PLoad’
And determining the discharge power range of each power generation module and each super capacitor module according to the states of the power generation modules and the super capacitor modules. Wherein the discharge power range of each power generation module is determined according to the gas supply amount of each power generation module. And determining the maximum charge and discharge power according to the voltage and the charge and discharge current of the super capacitor. And power distribution is carried out again, so that each power generation module operates at the maximum power generation efficiency point, and the super capacitor operates in the working interval, namely
(Pch1set+Pch2set)*ηdcac1+(Pch3set+Pch4set)*ηdcac1＝PLoad’
Wherein,
Pch1set＝Pdcdc1set+Pbi_dcdc1set
Pch2set＝Pdcdc2set+Pbi_dcdc2set
Pch3set＝Pdcdc3set+Pbi_dcdc3set
Pch4set＝Pdcdc4set+Pbi_dcdc4set
Pdcdc1set＝(Pfcm11set+Pfcm12set+Pfcm13set+Pfcm14set+Pfcm15set+Pfcm16set)*ηdcdc1
Pbi_dcdc1set＝Psc1set*ηbi-dcdc1
Pdcdc2set＝(Pfcm21set+Pfcm22set+Pfcm23set+Pfcm24set+Pfcm25set+Pfcm26set)*ηdcdc2
Pbi_dcdc2set＝Psc2set*ηbi-dcdc2
Pdcdc3set＝(Pfcm31set+Pfcm32set+Pfcm33set+Pfcm34set+Pfcm35set+Pfcm36set)*ηdcdc3
Pbi_dcdc3set＝Psc3set*ηbi-dcdc3
Pdcdc4set＝(Pfcm41set+Pfcm42set+Pfcm43set+Pfcm44set+Pfcm45set+Pfcm46set)*ηdcdc4
Pbi_dcdc4set＝Psc4set*ηbi-dcdc4
the set power needs to be satisfied,
Pfcm1iset<＝Pfcm1imax i＝1,2,3,4,5,6
Pfcm2iset<＝Pfcm2imax i＝1,2,3,4,5,6
Pfcm3iset<＝Pfcm3imax i＝1,2,3,4,5,6
Pfcm4iset<＝Pfcm4imax i＝1,2,3,4,5,6
Pscimin<＝Psciset<＝Pscimax i＝1,2,3,4
the discharge power of the power generation module and the charge and discharge power of the super capacitor module are set by controlling each boosting DCDC converter and each bidirectional DCDC converter.
Fig. 2 shows a connection diagram of the electrical structure of the present invention.
The power generation module array divides the power generation modules into a plurality of groups, and each group comprises a plurality of power generation modules connected in parallel; the power generation module consists of a cell stack subsystem, a gas supply subsystem, a power conversion subsystem, a load subsystem and a control subsystem. The electric pile subsystem comprises a solid oxide fuel cell pile, a reformer, a combustor, a heat exchanger and other components. The supplied fuel gas and oxidant gas are connected with the inlet of the galvanic pile through pipelines, the unreacted tail gas is introduced into a burner for burning, the burnt tail gas is output, part of heat is recovered through a heat exchanger, and the rest is exhausted through a tail gas outlet. The electric energy output by the electric pile is connected with the inlet of the power conversion device through a cable; the gas supply subsystem comprises a gas regulating valve, a fan and a pipeline, fuel in a gas cylinder is connected with an anode inlet of the galvanic pile through the pipeline and the valve, and air is connected with a cathode inlet of the galvanic pile through the fan and the pipeline; the power conversion subsystem consists of a DCDC converter, a lithium battery pack and a load switch, wherein electric energy output by the galvanic pile is connected with an inlet of the DCDC converter through a cable, an outlet of the DCDC converter is connected with a load through the cable and the load switch, the lithium battery pack is connected with an output end of the DCDC converter in parallel, the load switch is connected with an output positive polarity end of the DCDC converter in series, and the output of the DCDC converter is controllable; the load subsystem comprises an internal load and an external load which are respectively connected in parallel with the output end of the DCDC converter through a cable; the control subsystem comprises a controller, a sensor and an actuator, is provided with a communication interface, and realizes load tracking control by controlling air quantity and outputting energy by a DCDC converter. The mode can be switched to an independent power generation mode or a multi-machine parallel power generation mode through a switch. The power utilization load is consumed by a user; with the heat load, the user needs the hot water quantity.
And the gas supply expansion module is used for connecting the fuel gas in the gas cylinder with the inlets of the regulating valves in the gas supply subsystems of the power generation modules through the main pipeline and the branch pipelines thereof respectively and supplying fuel to the power generation modules.
The power conversion expansion module comprises a plurality of direct current power supply channels and an inversion module. The output ends of the two direct current power supply channels are connected with the input end of the inverter module through a cable, the direct current power supply channels supply direct current to the power generation module and the super capacitor for direct current conversion, and the inverter module converts the direct current output by the direct current power supply channels into alternating current. The direct current power supply channel comprises a direct current main power supply channel and a direct current auxiliary power supply channel. The output end of the direct current main power supply channel is connected with the output end of the direct current auxiliary power supply channel in parallel through a cable, the direct current main power supply channel provides load average power, and the direct current auxiliary power supply channel provides load peak power. The direct current power supply channel comprises a plurality of power generation modules and a boost DCDC converter which are connected in parallel, and the output ends of the power generation modules are connected in parallel through cables and are electrically connected with the input end of the boost DCDC converter. The direct current auxiliary power supply channel comprises a super capacitor and a bidirectional DCDC converter, and the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DCDC converter through a cable. The boost DCDC converter and the bidirectional DCDC converter are controllable.
Fig. 3 shows a structure of a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to the present invention.
The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module includes:
the gas supply system is connected with the fuel cell stack system through a pipeline, gas required by reaction is introduced into the fuel cell stack system, and the control end of the gas supply system is connected with the control output interface of the control system;
the fuel cell stack system comprises an electric energy output lead, and an electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system is connected with an input end of the power conversion system and outputs electric energy to the power conversion system;
the output end of the power conversion system is connected with an internal load and an external load and outputs electric energy to the internal load and the external load, and the control end of the DCDC converter is in signal connection with the control output end of the control system;
the control system comprises a plurality of thermocouples, a plurality of voltage and current sensors, a plurality of controllable switches and a controller, wherein the plurality of thermocouples and the plurality of voltage and current sensors are in signal connection with the acquisition input interface of the control system; the multi-path controllable switch is in signal connection with the control output interface of the control system; the controller includes a communication interface that resets the control output according to the collected load power demand.
The gas supply system comprises a fuel supply pipeline for supplying gas required by the reaction; the fuel is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile in the fuel cell pile system through a pipeline and a flow regulating valve; the air in the environment is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through an air pump; the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the atmosphere via a fan via a pipe.
The fuel cell stack system includes:
the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack are connected with the heat exchanger, so that fuel at the anode and air at the cathode are preheated by the heat exchanger and then are introduced into the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack; the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the burner are communicated with a combustion chamber; the fuel cell stack is provided with an electric energy output lead wire for outputting electric energy;
the output end of the reforming chamber is led into the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger, so that the reformed gas enters the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the output end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the heat exchanger, so that the tail gas communicated with the combustion chamber is combusted and then subjected to heat recovery through the heat exchanger;
and the output of the cold end of the heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the anode and cathode inlets of the electric pile, so that the reformed fuel and cathode air enter the electric pile after being preheated by the heat exchanger.
The power conversion system comprises a DCDC converter and a lithium battery pack; the input end of the DCDC converter is connected with the electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system, and the lithium battery pack is connected with the output end of the DCDC converter.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the control system of the present invention.
The control system consists of a controller, a sensor and a flow regulating device, generates a flow control signal to act on the flow regulating device or generates an electric quantity control signal to act on the DCDC converter according to a signal acquired by the sensor, and is used for automatically controlling the portable solid oxide fuel cell power generation device.
The sensor includes:
the fuel flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fuel regulating valve and used for collecting the anode fuel flow;
the air flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan and used for collecting the air flow of the cathode;
the fuel cell stack temperature sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack and used for collecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the reforming temperature sensor is arranged in the reforming chamber and used for collecting the temperature of the reforming chamber;
the tail gas temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger and used for collecting the temperature of the tail gas;
the electric pile current sensor is arranged on an electric pile electric energy output loop and used for collecting electric pile output current;
the electric pile voltage sensor is arranged at the electric energy output end of the electric pile and used for collecting the output voltage of the electric pile;
and the combustible gas sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack system and used for collecting the concentration of combustible gas.
The power generation device controller can perform energy management control on the starting, running and stopping states of the power generation device;
the power generation device is in a starting state, and the lithium battery pack provides electric energy for an internal load and an external load;
when the power generation device is in an operating state, the controller optimizes the discharge power of the galvanic pile and the charge and discharge power of the lithium battery pack by controlling the output of the DCDC converter according to the changed load power requirement, the current galvanic pile state and the current lithium battery pack state, so as to realize load tracking control;
the power generation device is in a stop state, and the lithium battery pack provides electric energy for the control subsystem.
Example 2: and (4) a power station tail gas recovery control strategy.
Fig. 5 is a structural connection diagram of the tail gas recovery expansion module according to the present invention.
The tail gas recovery expansion module comprises a tail gas collection unit, a circulating fan, a heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a liquid level sensor, a water feeding pump, a reservoir, a water tank and a tail gas controller, tail gas outlets of the power generation modules are connected with an inlet of the tail gas collection unit through a pipeline, outlets of the tail gas collection unit are connected with an inlet of the circulating fan through a pipeline, outlets of the fan are connected with an inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, and outlets of the fan are emptied. The inlet of the water tank is connected with the reservoir and the water feed pump through a pipeline, the outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the circulating water pump through a pipeline, the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline for heat recovery, and hot water at the outlet is supplied to households through a pipeline. The circulating fan is a high-temperature resistant fan. The tail gas recovery expansion module is used for recovering heat of tail gas output by the fuel cell power generation array and heating circulating water. The tail gas of the fuel cell power generation module is connected with the tail gas collection unit through a pipeline, the output end of the fuel cell power generation module is connected with the inlet of the circulating fan through a pipeline, the outlet of the circulating fan is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, water in the water tank is pumped to the input end of the heat exchanger through a circulating water pump through a pipeline, and the water feed pump is used for pumping water in the reservoir to the water tank. The liquid level sensor and the temperature sensor are in signal connection with the acquisition input interface of the tail gas controller, and the circulating fan, the circulating water pump and the control end of the water feed pump are in signal connection with the control output end of the tail gas controller. The controller is provided with a communication interface, is in signal connection with the communication interface of the controller in the power station control module through a communication cable, and can control according to the set water temperature of the controller in the power station control module.
The tail gas recovery control strategy is as follows:
calculating the components and the content of the tail gas of each power generation module according to the current discharge power and the gas supply of each power generation module, and summing to obtain the content n of each component of the tail gas of the power stationCO2、nH2O、nN2And nO2。
Measuring hot end inlet temperature T of heat exchanger1iHot end outlet temperature T of heat exchanger1oCold inlet temperature T of heat exchanger2iCurrent ambient temperature T0。
And pressurizing the tail gas through a circulating fan to ensure that the tail gas exchanges heat with circulating water.
Calculating the heat content of tail gas
Pexhaust＝nCO2*CCO2*(T1i-T0)+nH2O*CH2O*(T1i-T0)+nN2*CN2*(T1i-T0)+nO2*CO2*(T1i-T0)
Calculating the energy at the hot end outlet of the heat exchanger
Phxout＝nCO2*CCO2*(T1o-T0)+nH2O*CH2O*(T1o-T0)+nN2*CN2*(T1o-T0)+nO2*CO2*(T1o-T0)
And according to the set value T of the outlet water temperaturesetThere is the following heat balance.
Pexhaust-Phxout＝nwaterset*Cwater*Tset
Adjusting the set value n of the circulating water flow according to the above formulawaterset。
Claims (8)
1. A scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant, comprising:
the fuel cell power generation array comprises a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell power generation modules which can independently operate, wherein the power output end of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module is connected with the power conversion expansion module and outputs power to the power conversion expansion module;
the power conversion expansion module comprises a plurality of groups of direct current conversion channels and alternating current conversion channels, wherein the input end of each direct current conversion channel is connected with the electric energy output end of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module through a cable, the output end of each direct current conversion channel is connected with the input end of the corresponding alternating current conversion channel through a cable, and the output end of each alternating current conversion channel is connected with an electric load through a cable to output electric energy to the electric load;
the gas supply expansion module is used for respectively connecting a gas source with each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module in the fuel cell power generation array through a branch pipeline and introducing gas required by reaction into each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module;
the power station control module is provided with an acquisition input interface connected with a sensor signal in the gas supply expansion module, and a communication interface respectively connected with a communication interface of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module controller of the fuel cell power generation array, a communication interface of each converter in the power conversion expansion module and a communication interface of the controller in the tail gas recovery expansion module; monitoring the pressure of a fuel gas source of a distributed power station, monitoring the running state of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module and controlling the power generation amount of each solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, monitoring the running state of each converter of a power conversion expansion module and controlling the charging and discharging of each converter, monitoring the running state of a tail gas recovery expansion module and setting the heat load demand;
the upper computer is connected with a communication interface of the controller in the power station control module and is used for remotely monitoring the power station control module;
each group of direct current conversion channels comprises a boost DCDC converter, a bidirectional DCDC converter and a super capacitor, the output end of the super capacitor is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DCDC converter, and the output end of the bidirectional DCDC converter is connected with the output end of the boost DCDC converter; the alternating current conversion channel is a DCAC inverter, and the boost DCDC converter, the bidirectional DCDC converter, the DCAC inverter and the multi-path controllable switch control end are respectively connected with a control output signal end of the power station control module;
the tail gas recovery and expansion module comprises a tail gas collection unit, a circulating fan, a heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a liquid level sensor, a water feeding pump, a reservoir, a water tank and a tail gas controller;
the tail gas controller is connected with the power station control module through a communication interface, receives a heat load demand set value of the power station control module, sets a heat load demand value according to the power station control module, and controls the recovered heat through controlling the rotating speed of the circulating fan and the circulating water pump; the tail gas collecting unit is connected with the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module through a pipeline, collects tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, the output end of the tail gas is connected with the inlet of the circulating fan through the pipeline, the outlet of the circulating fan is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger through the pipeline, water in the water tank is pumped to the input end of the heat exchanger through the pipeline by the circulating water pump, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a user pipeline to provide hot water for a user, and the water pump is used for pumping water in the water storage tank to the water tank; the liquid level sensor is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, collects the liquid level information of the water tank and sends the liquid level information to the tail gas controller; the temperature sensor is arranged in the tail gas collecting unit and used for collecting the temperature of the recovered tail gas and sending the temperature to the tail gas controller; the tail gas controller collects temperature sensor information and a set value of the power station control module, controls the rotating speed of the circulating fan and the circulating water pump, and uploads the running state of the tail gas recovery expansion module to the power station control module through the communication interface;
the tail gas recovery control method comprises the following steps:
calculating the components and the content of tail gas of each power generation module according to the current discharge power and gas supply of each power generation module, and summing to obtain the content nCO2, nH2O, nN2 and nO2 of each component of the tail gas of the power station;
measuring hot end inlet temperature T of heat exchanger1iHot end outlet temperature T of heat exchanger1oCold inlet temperature T of heat exchanger2iCurrent ambient temperature T0；
Pressurizing the tail gas by a circulating fan to exchange heat with circulating water;
calculating the heat content of tail gas
Pexhaust＝nCO2*CCO2*(T1i-T0)+nH2O*CH2O*(T1i-T0)+nN2*CN2*(T1i-T0)+nO2*CO2*(T1i-T0)
Calculating the energy at the hot end outlet of the heat exchanger
Phxout＝nCO2*CCO2*(T1o-T0)+nH2O*CH2O*(T1o-T0)+nN2*CN2*(T1o-T0)+nO2*CO2*(T1o-T0)
And according to the set value T of the outlet water temperaturesetThe heat balance is as follows;
Pexhaust-Phxout＝nwaterset*Cwater*Tset
adjusting the set value n of the circulating water flow according to the above formulawaterset。
2. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 1, wherein: the power station control module comprises a gas pressure sensor, a voltage and current sensor, an acquisition input interface, a communication interface and a controller;
the gas pressure sensor is arranged on the gas supply expansion module and used for collecting pressure signals of a fuel main pipeline in the gas supply expansion module; the acquisition input interface is connected and is sent to the controller through the acquisition input interface;
the voltage and current sensors are respectively arranged in the converter input and output loop in the power conversion expansion module, acquire the converter input and output voltage signals and current signals and send the acquired voltage signals and current signals to the controller through the acquisition input interface;
the controller obtains the electric load demand according to the acquired voltage signal and current signal, and the working states of the converter and the super capacitor distribute the discharge capacity of each power generation module and the charge and discharge capacity of the super capacitor to meet the electric load demand.
3. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 1, wherein: the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module includes:
the gas supply system is connected with the fuel cell stack system through a pipeline, gas required by reaction is introduced into the fuel cell stack system, and the control end of the gas supply system is connected with the control output interface of the control system;
the fuel cell stack system comprises an electric energy output lead, and an electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system is connected with an input end of the power conversion system and outputs electric energy to the power conversion system;
the output end of the power conversion system is connected with an internal load and an external load and outputs electric energy to the internal load and the external load, and the control end of the DCDC converter is in signal connection with the control output end of the control system;
the control system comprises a plurality of thermocouples, a plurality of voltage and current sensors, a plurality of controllable switches and a controller, wherein the plurality of thermocouples and the plurality of voltage and current sensors are in signal connection with the acquisition input interface of the control system; the multi-path controllable switch is in signal connection with the control output interface of the control system; the controller includes a communication interface that resets the control output according to the collected load power demand.
4. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 3, wherein: the gas supply system comprises a fuel supply pipeline for supplying gas required by the reaction; the fuel is connected with the anode inlet of the electric pile in the fuel cell pile system through a pipeline and a flow regulating valve; the air in the environment is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through an air pump; the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the atmosphere via a fan via a pipe.
5. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 3, wherein: the fuel cell stack system includes:
the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack are connected with the heat exchanger, so that fuel at the anode and air at the cathode are preheated by the heat exchanger and then are introduced into the anode and cathode inlets of the fuel cell stack; the anode outlet and the cathode outlet of the burner are communicated with a combustion chamber; the fuel cell stack is provided with an electric energy output lead wire for outputting electric energy;
the output end of the reforming chamber is led into the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger, so that the reformed gas enters the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the output end of the combustion chamber is communicated with the heat exchanger, so that the tail gas communicated with the combustion chamber is combusted and then subjected to heat recovery through the heat exchanger;
and the output of the cold end of the heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the anode and cathode inlets of the electric pile, so that the reformed fuel and cathode air enter the electric pile after being preheated by the heat exchanger.
6. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 3, wherein: the power conversion system comprises a DCDC converter and a lithium battery pack; the input end of the DCDC converter is connected with the electric energy output end of the fuel cell stack system, and the lithium battery pack is connected with the output end of the DCDC converter.
7. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 3, wherein: the control system comprises a controller, a sensor and a flow regulating device, wherein the sensor is connected with the controller through a signal cable and sends acquired data to the controller; the controller is connected with the flow regulating device and controls the flow regulating device.
8. The scalable solid oxide fuel cell distributed power plant of claim 7, wherein: the sensor includes:
the fuel flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fuel regulating valve and used for collecting the anode fuel flow;
the air flow sensor is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the fan and used for collecting the air flow of the cathode;
the fuel cell stack temperature sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack and used for collecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the reforming temperature sensor is arranged in the reforming chamber and used for collecting the temperature of the reforming chamber;
the tail gas temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger and used for collecting the temperature of the tail gas;
the electric pile current sensor is arranged on an electric pile electric energy output loop and used for collecting electric pile output current;
the electric pile voltage sensor is arranged at the electric energy output end of the electric pile and used for collecting the output voltage of the electric pile;
and the combustible gas sensor is arranged near the fuel cell stack system and used for collecting the concentration of combustible gas.
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