CN111261896A - Solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer - Google Patents
Solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111261896A CN111261896A CN201811454581.0A CN201811454581A CN111261896A CN 111261896 A CN111261896 A CN 111261896A CN 201811454581 A CN201811454581 A CN 201811454581A CN 111261896 A CN111261896 A CN 111261896A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer, which comprises: the fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack module, a fuel supply flow channel, a fuel distribution cavity, an oxidant input flow channel, an oxidant output flow channel, a tail gas mixing cavity and a cell stack control module; the fuel distribution cavity is connected with a feed inlet of the cell stack module and is used for supplying fuel to the cell stack module; the oxidant input flow channel is used to supply an oxidant to the cell stack module. The invention can enable the fuel cell system to be started to the running temperature of the high-temperature cell more quickly through the self-heating process, and enable the solid oxide fuel cell stack to rise to the power generation temperature under the condition without an external heat source; and the system can keep self-sufficient heat and stably operate, shortens the time from starting to starting power generation, and starts power generation in a sufficiently stable state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cell power generation, in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer.
Background
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (hereinafter, abbreviated as "SOFC") is a Fuel Cell technology that generates electricity at a relatively high temperature by using an Oxide ion conductor as an electrolyte and providing electrodes on both sides thereof, supplying a Fuel gas on one side and an oxidant (air, oxygen, etc.) on the other side. In the SOFC, oxygen ions react with fuel via a solid electrolyte having ionic conductivity to generate water vapor or carbon dioxide, while generating electricity and heat. The output electric energy is used for various electric purposes. On the other hand, the thermal energy is used to heat fuel, reformer, water, oxidant, and the like.
Because the solid oxide fuel cell can generate power only at the high temperature of 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, if the solid oxide fuel cell is required to be in a wall-away state and self-heated to reach the operating temperature in order to obtain practical application, but for a mobile portable system below kilowatt, the temperature of a cell stack can be quickly increased to more than 600 ℃ to meet the requirement of cell operation, at present, an oxidant is adopted in the process through a simple heat exchange mode or even a heat exchange mode, the oxidant which does not fully exchange heat enters the cell stack, so that the temperature difference of the cell stack is large, and the time for heating to 600 ℃ is long, and is 50 min. The invention aims to reduce the temperature rise time, which can reach 600 ℃ in 20min, and ensure that the cell stack in the system is in a more consistent temperature range while reducing the temperature rise time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a heat transfer enhanced solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprising: the fuel cell comprises a cell stack module, a fuel supply flow channel, a fuel distribution cavity, an oxidant input flow channel, an oxidant output flow channel and a tail gas mixing cavity; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fuel distribution cavity is connected with the feed inlet of the cell stack module and is used for supplying fuel to the cell stack module;
the tail gas mixing cavity enables the fuel waste gas and the oxidant waste gas to be mixed and combusted to release heat;
the oxidant input flow channel is used for supplying oxidant to the cell stack module;
the fuel cell stack module comprises a fuel cell module and a fuel reforming unit, and a fuel distribution cavity is arranged between the fuel reforming unit and a fuel inlet of a single solid oxide fuel cell;
the fuel reforming unit is arranged at the fuel inlet end of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, is directly communicated with the discharge hole of the cell stack module, and is used for performing CPOX reaction on fuel and oxidizing agent to perform reforming reaction of partial oxidation reforming on the fuel;
the fuel cell module includes a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell single cells;
a fuel distribution chamber for uniformly distributing the fuel and the oxidant into each solid oxide fuel cell;
the solid oxide fuel cell single cell is arranged in a fuel cell cavity, fresh oxidant is introduced from a discharge port of the cell stack module and reaches the fuel cell cavity through heat exchange with combusted tail gas, and the fuel cell cavity is used for generating electricity by utilizing the fuel and the oxidant and discharging electric energy.
The cell stack module also comprises a tail gas combustion unit which is arranged at the fuel outlet end of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell and is used for fully combusting incompletely combusted fuel.
And a cell stack shell is arranged on the outer side of the cell stack module to form a closed space.
The outer layer of the cell stack shell is a heat insulating material.
The starting mode is as follows: within a predetermined temperature range, a CPOX reforming reaction occurs in the fuel reforming unit, and the solid oxide fuel cell unit is raised to a power generation temperature at which electric power can be output from the fuel cell module.
The power generation mode includes a power generation mode when the power generation temperature is reached and a pre-power generation mode,
the power generation mode when the power generation temperature is reached is a start mode that ends when the power generation temperature is exceeded, and the power generation mode extracts power from the fuel cell module, generates power generation heat in the fuel cell unit, heats the fuel cell unit, and discharges electric energy;
the oxidant comprises air.
The invention has the following effects and advantages:
the invention can start the fuel cell system to the running temperature of the cell through the self-heating process, and lead the solid oxide fuel cell stack to rise to the power generation temperature under the condition without the help of an external heat source; and can keep the system heat self-sufficient and stably operate. The system reaches 600 ℃ in 20min, and ensures that the temperature of the cell stack in the system is in a more consistent temperature range while reducing the temperature rise time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is oxidant inlet, 2 is stack tail gas outlet, 3 is stack fuel inlet, 4 is tail gas outlet flow channel, 5 is oxidant inlet flow channel, 6 is fuel outlet cavity, 7 is tail gas combustion unit, 8 fuel cell module, 9 is fuel reforming unit, 10 is fuel distribution cavity, 11 is fuel cell cavity, and 12 is system fuel inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 shows a system configuration of the present invention.
The fuel cell power generation system has a case outside which a sealed space is formed, and a heat insulating material is interposed outside the case. First, fuel and reforming air or steam are mixed into a fuel reforming unit (9) to perform a fuel reforming reaction, for example, by mixing propane and air into the fuel reforming unit, and a partial oxidation reaction of fuel is rapidly performed by ignition, and the temperature of the fuel reforming unit rapidly reaches the temperature of fuel reforming (for example, 600 ℃). The reformed fuel enters a fuel distribution cavity (10) and is distributed to each SOFC single cell, air for cell power generation is introduced and conveyed from a flow channel (1) and reaches a fuel cell cavity through heat exchange with high-temperature tail gas, the fuel cell module performs power generation reaction by using fuel gas and oxidant (air) distributed by the distribution cavity, and the fuel and the air react through the fuel cell to release electric energy.
The present invention includes a stack module having a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell cells; fuel enters the system from a fuel inlet (12), and fuel reformed by the reforming unit is sent to the fuel cell unit by supplying the fuel to the fuel reforming unit (9); a fuel reforming unit for performing a reforming reaction of partial oxidation reforming of the fuel, i.e., a CPOX reaction, by performing a chemical reaction between the fuel and an oxidant to generate small molecular fuels such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide; oxidant enters the system through an oxidant inlet flow channel (5), firstly exchanges heat with a tail gas outlet flow channel (4) to reach a certain temperature, and supplies oxidant gas for power generation to the fuel cell stack; and a tail gas combustion unit (7) for combusting fuel that is not used in the power generation and the unreacted oxidant at the tail of the fuel cell stack. In the start-up mode, first, within a predetermined temperature range, a CPOX reforming reaction occurs in the reformer, and the solid oxide fuel cell is warmed up to a power generation temperature at which power can be output from the fuel cell module, while a power generation mode operation is performed in which the start-up mode operation is ended at a time when the power generation start temperature is exceeded, and power is taken out from the fuel cell module, and in the start-up mode operation before the power generation start temperature is reached, by taking out weak power smaller than the power taken out from the fuel cell module in the power generation mode operation, power generation heat is generated in the fuel cell, and power generation is performed at the time of start-up in which the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is raised. After the start of power generation, fuel supply is controlled according to the amount of power generation, and the temperature of the stack after the start of power generation is stabilized.
The fuel cell stack can be a tubular cell, can also be a flat cell and other cell structures, the number of the cells is selected according to the designed power of the stack, and the cells can be connected in series or in parallel.
Example (b):
in the embodiment of the invention, a 28-branch-pipe type cell series structure is selected for cell stack arrangement, the system firstly makes the fuel (ethanol) and the reforming agent (air) entering the unit generate partial oxidation reaction through a fuel partial oxidation reforming unit at the fuel inlet end of the upper part in the figure 1, the temperature of the part is rapidly raised by releasing heat, simultaneously the ethanol containing 2 carbon atoms is reformed into micromolecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide to enter a fuel distribution cavity, and the reformed fuel is distributed to each single cell through the fuel distribution cavity; meanwhile, air for generating electricity is input into the cell stack from the oxidant inlet flow channel, unreacted fuel is mixed with the air at the tail part and is ignited, and the tail part also quickly reaches the temperature required by the operation of the SOFC, so that the heat exchange is enhanced, and the temperature of the SOFC cell stack is quickly increased. And heating the SOFC unit, and when the temperature required by the SOFC reaction is reached, the SOFC can normally generate electric energy for users to use.
Claims (6)
1. A solid oxide fuel cell power generation system, comprising: the fuel cell comprises a cell stack module, a fuel supply flow channel, a fuel distribution cavity, an oxidant input flow channel, an oxidant output flow channel and a tail gas mixing cavity; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the fuel supply flow channel and the fuel distribution cavity are connected with the feed inlet of the cell stack module and are used for supplying fuel to the cell stack module;
the tail gas mixing cavity enables the fuel waste gas and the oxidant waste gas to be mixed and combusted, heat is released, and the fuel waste gas and the oxidant waste gas are used as the tail gas of the electric pile to flow out through the oxidant output flow channel;
an oxidant input flow channel for supplying an oxidant to the cell stack module;
the fuel cell stack module comprises a fuel cell module and a fuel reforming unit, and a fuel distribution cavity is arranged between the fuel reforming unit and a fuel inlet of a single solid oxide fuel cell;
the fuel reforming unit is arranged at the fuel inlet end of the single solid oxide fuel cell, is directly communicated with the feed inlet of the cell stack module through the fuel distribution cavity, and is used for performing oxidation reforming (CPOX) reaction on fuel and oxidant and performing reforming reaction of partial oxidation reforming on the fuel;
the fuel cell module includes a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell single cells;
a fuel distribution chamber for uniformly distributing the fuel and the oxidant into each solid oxide fuel cell;
the solid oxide fuel cell single cell is arranged in a fuel cell cavity, the outer side of the cell power generation system is provided with a cell stack shell of a closed cell power generation system, an oxidant flow channel is arranged on the outermost side of the inner wall surface of the shell in the power generation system shell and close to the inner wall surface of the shell and used for introducing an oxidant into a cell stack module, the oxidant enters the cell stack at a tail gas outlet of the cell stack through the flow channel, and an oxidant output flow channel is arranged on one side of the oxidant flow channel far away from the; the oxidant in the oxidant runner exchanges heat with the oxidant output runner in the process of flowing into the cell stack to achieve the purposes of strengthening heat exchange, reducing starting time and improving the temperature of the oxidant entering the cell stack, and the fuel cell cavity is used for generating electricity by utilizing the fuel and the oxidant to release electric energy.
2. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein: the cell stack module also comprises a tail gas combustion unit which is arranged at the fuel outlet end of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell and used for enabling the incompletely combusted fuel to be fully combusted, and the fuel waste gas and the oxidant waste gas enter the tail gas combustion unit through a tail gas mixing cavity and then flow out of the cell power generation system through an oxidant output flow channel.
3. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein: and an outer layer of heat-insulating material is arranged outside the shell of the battery power generation system.
4. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of any of claims 1-3, wherein: the starting mode is as follows: within a predetermined temperature range, a CPOX reforming reaction occurs in the fuel reforming unit, and the solid oxide fuel cell unit is raised to a power generation temperature at which electric power can be output from the fuel cell module.
5. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the power generation mode includes a power generation mode when the power generation temperature is reached and a pre-power generation mode,
the power generation mode when the power generation temperature is reached is a start mode in which the power generation temperature is exceeded, and the power generation mode is a start mode in which power is taken out from the fuel cell module, and the fuel cell generates power generation heat, and the fuel cell is warmed up to release electric energy.
6. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the oxidant comprises air.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811454581.0A CN111261896A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811454581.0A CN111261896A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111261896A true CN111261896A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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| CN201811454581.0A Pending CN111261896A (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Solid oxide fuel cell power generation system for enhancing heat transfer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113285088A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 西安交通大学 | Solid oxide fuel electric pile and system and application thereof |
| CN113540503A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 山东科技大学 | Tubular SOFC self-heating system and working method |
| CN113782776A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Parallel fuel cell stack flow passage structure with gas collection cavity |
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| CN101978546A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-02-16 | 京瓷株式会社 | Fuel battery module and fuel battery device |
| WO2012137934A1 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-11 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Fuel cell module |
| CN103081198A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2013-05-01 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell module |
| CN108155404A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of Portable solid oxide fuel cell power generator and its control method |
| US20180191007A1 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2018-07-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Sofc hot box components |
-
2018
- 2018-11-30 CN CN201811454581.0A patent/CN111261896A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101978546A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-02-16 | 京瓷株式会社 | Fuel battery module and fuel battery device |
| CN103081198A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2013-05-01 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell module |
| US20180191007A1 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2018-07-05 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Sofc hot box components |
| WO2012137934A1 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-11 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Fuel cell module |
| CN108155404A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of Portable solid oxide fuel cell power generator and its control method |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113285088A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 西安交通大学 | Solid oxide fuel electric pile and system and application thereof |
| CN113540503A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 山东科技大学 | Tubular SOFC self-heating system and working method |
| CN113540503B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-05-20 | 山东科技大学 | Tubular SOFC self-heating system and working method |
| CN113782776A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Parallel fuel cell stack flow passage structure with gas collection cavity |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |