CN111259038A - Database query and data export method, system, medium and equipment - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/24—Querying
- G06F16/242—Query formulation
- G06F16/2433—Query languages
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- G06F16/252—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems between a Database Management System and a front-end application
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- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a system, a medium and equipment for database query and data export, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried); submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried, and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried; and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path. The database query and data export method provided by the invention packages the SQL characteristics of different databases in advance, compiles the dynamic SQL script meeting the SQL characteristics of different databases, can realize data query of various databases of different types, and can rapidly export data.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of data processing technologies, and in particular, to a method, a system, a medium, and a device for database query and data export.
Background
In the prior art, a database query and data export tool can only be used for a specific database, for example, an export tool for Oracle can only be used for realizing data query and data export for Oracle, but cannot be used for realizing data query and data export for Mysql and Hive. However, in the actual use process, the data analyst often needs to query different types of databases, and if one query tool is replaced for each database query, the operation is complicated, and the query efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method, system, medium, and device for database query and data export, which are directed to the deficiencies of the prior art.
To solve the foregoing technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a database query and data export method, including: generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried); submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried, and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried; and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a database query and data export system, including: the script generation module is used for generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried); the data query module is used for submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried; and the data export module is used for writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
To solve the foregoing technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions, which when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the database query and data export method according to the foregoing technical solution.
In order to solve the foregoing technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program that is stored in the memory and can be run on the processor, where the processor implements the database query and data export method according to the foregoing technical solution when executing the computer program.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the SQL characteristics of different databases are packaged in advance, dynamic SQL scripts meeting the SQL characteristics of the different databases are compiled, SQL is checked before database query, the SQL scripts meeting the requirements are generated, data query of various databases of different types can be realized, and data are exported quickly. The method has the advantages that one query tool does not need to be replaced for each database query, the learning cost of a plurality of data analysts is reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, and the query efficiency is high.
Additional aspects of the invention and its advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a database query and data export method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for generating a dynamic SQL script according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a data export method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a database query and data export system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention is developed based on Python, and currently supports Windows and Linux. An external program package matched with Python is imported in advance, namely a Software Development Kit (SDK) of a database to be queried is imported. The Python-based application provides a request file of the name and version of the external program package required by the application, and further encapsulates the API of the external program.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a database query and data export method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
110. generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried);
120. submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried, and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried;
130. and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
Specifically, a preset export path may be determined according to the received export directory parameter, and if the export directory parameter is not received, the current active directory is defaulted as the preset export path.
In the embodiment, the SQL characteristics of different databases are packaged in advance, dynamic SQL scripts meeting the SQL characteristics of different databases are compiled, the SQL is checked before the database is queried, the SQL scripts meeting the requirements are generated, the data query of various databases of different types can be realized, and the data can be rapidly exported. The method has the advantages that one query tool does not need to be replaced for each database query, the learning cost of a plurality of data analysts is reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, and the query efficiency is high. In the embodiment, single-table and multi-table query of Hive, Oracle and Mysql databases and Excel file export of query results can be realized.
Optionally, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the generating a dynamic SQL script that conforms to the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried includes:
111. generating an initial SQL script, acquiring the SQL characteristics of a database to be queried, and performing syntax check on the initial SQL script according to the SOL characteristics;
specifically, the SQL features are specific syntax and functions of the database to be queried. E.g., Oracle nvl function, row _ number () etc. do not apply at Mysql; also, the function of, for example, Oracle decode function is different from that of Hive.
For example, the initial SQL script is select card _ no as card number from ods. bss _ hk _ d _ rs _ card _ info _ preselect world term _ time ═ 20191229' limit 10.
When syntax check is carried out, whether a field card _ no exists in a table ods.bss _ hk _ d _ rs _ card _ info _ presell or not is checked, whether a login user has query authority of an ods database or not and whether a query target database has related abnormal detection points including functions or not are checked, for example, if the statement Oracle does not have limit, an exception is reported, and when the statement Oracle is queried, the limit10 is modified to be where rownum < 11; MySQL and Hive will not report error.
112. And modifying the initial SQL script according to the checking result until the initial SQL script accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried, and acquiring a dynamic SQL script.
In the above embodiment, the efficiency of error exception return is improved through SQL syntax check, for example, in Hive, SQL execution needs to start MapReduce, which is started no matter how simple a statement is, but it is a time-consuming operation to start MapReduce. In the embodiment, the SQL script is submitted to the database to be queried for syntax check, so that the prior check can be realized without starting database connection, and the query efficiency is improved.
Optionally, before submitting the dynamic SQL script to the database to be queried, the method further includes: and acquiring export path parameters, checking whether the Excel file under the corresponding path has write-in authority according to the export path parameters, and if the Excel file does not have the write-in authority, changing the export path.
Specifically, the export path parameters may be incoming export directory parameters, and if no export directory parameters are incoming, the directory parameters of the current active directory are defaulted as the export path parameters. And checking whether the derived path parameters have the writing authority, performing abnormal alarm on the parameters without the writing authority, and exiting the program execution.
For example: the current directory: /home/etlun/python _ src/utils;
executing a command: python db _ to _ xlsxx _ new. py Y0000002.sql, because the command does not transfer into the absolute path of the sql file, and does not specify the name and the directory of the exported excel, the program defaults to check whether the current directory has the right of writing, whether the current directory has the file of Y0000002.sql, if the check result is not satisfied, an exception is reported, and the execution is quitted.
In the above embodiment, the permission check is performed in advance, so that whether the necessary conditions are met can be checked before a large number of IO operations are not executed, and that the cache data cannot be flushed into the disk after the IO operations are completed is avoided.
Optionally, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path includes:
131. and acquiring the field type, the field alias and/or the field name of the SQL result set.
132. And adapting an Excel data format for the field type according to a preset mapping relation.
Specifically, the mapping relation can be recorded by utilizing a dictionary library, and the dictionary library of the mapping relation can be updated and modified when the mapping is incorrect. Common mapping types include, for example: the database types are varchar, string, text and char types, and the corresponding Excel format is a text; the database types are number, decimal and int types, and the corresponding Excel format is a numerical value type (when the data is decimal, the default is to reserve 2 bits for rounding); the database type is a timemap type and a date type, and the corresponding Excel format is a date type, a time type or a text type.
133. And writing the field alias and/or the field name into a first column of the Excel file as a title.
In particular, the field alias may be automatically written to the first column of the Excel file as a header. If no alias is provided, the field name is written to the first column of the Excel file as a title by default. For example, if the field card _ no in step 111 has an alias of "card number", the title of the corresponding column of the output Excel file is "card number", and if there is no alias, the field name card _ no is displayed.
134. And writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format.
In the prior art, the conventional database data derivation generally adopts TXT, CSV and other formats, format conversion is required when the database data derivation is opened by Excel, operation is troublesome, and user experience is low.
In the embodiment, the data type of the database and the data type of the Excel are automatically adapted during data export, the data are directly exported in an adapted data format, format conversion is not needed during file opening, the efficiency of exporting Excel data is improved, and the user experience is improved.
Optionally, before writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format, the method further includes: and according to the coding format of the database to be queried, carrying out unified coding normalization on the derived content of the SQL result set.
Since windows has corresponding suggestions when processing Unicode files, Microsoft suggested that all Unicode files should begin with ZERO WIDTH noblack SPACE (U + FEFF) characters. When the database is Unicode coding such as utf-8, the derived content needs to be coded and added with the characteristics suggested by windows.
In the embodiment, after the coding is structured, the problem that the code messy display of multi-byte character strings (such as Chinese, Japanese and the like) in excel caused by different coding formats is effectively avoided.
Optionally, when the SQL result set is written into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format, the method further includes: and splitting and writing the SQL result set into a data sheet page of an Excel file according to a preset splitting rule.
It should be noted that, when data is written into the Excel, the SQL result set may be split according to preset splitting rules, such as an Excel file version and the number of pieces of data written into each Sheet page, and the split rear-end SQL result set is written into different data Sheet pages. For example, 10 thousands of data exist, the 2003 edition is divided into 2 data sheet pages, and the data sheet page is arranged after the 2003 edition. For another example, 5 ten thousand pieces of data are stored in each data sheet, and 10 ten thousand pieces of data need to be stored in two data sheet pages.
In the above embodiment, the SQL result set is split and written into the data sheet page of the Excel file according to the preset splitting rule, so that the query data can be flexibly stored.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the method further comprises writing the dynamic SQL script into a sheet page following the data sheet page.
In the embodiment, the dynamic SQL script is written into a sheet page behind the data sheet page, so that the next operation and data check are facilitated.
The database query and data export method provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail above with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The database query and data export system provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a database query and data export system, including: the device comprises a script generation module, a data query module and a data export module.
The script generation module is used for generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried);
the data query module is used for submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried;
and the data export module is used for writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
In the embodiment, the SQL characteristics of different databases are packaged in advance, and the dynamic SQL scripts meeting the SQL characteristics of different databases are compiled, so that data query of various databases of different types can be realized, and data can be quickly exported. The method has the advantages that one query tool does not need to be replaced for each database query, the learning cost of a plurality of data analysts is reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, and the query efficiency is high.
Optionally, the script generating module is specifically configured to: generating an initial SQL script, acquiring the SQL characteristics of a database to be queried, and performing syntax check on the initial SQL script according to the SOL characteristics; and modifying the initial SQL script according to the checking result until the initial SQL script accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried, and acquiring a dynamic SQL script.
Optionally, the system further comprises an export path obtaining module, configured to obtain export path parameters, check whether the Excel file in the corresponding path has a write right according to the export path parameters, and change the export path if the Excel file does not have the write right.
Optionally, the data deriving module is specifically configured to: acquiring the field type, field alias and/or field name of the SQL result set; adapting an Excel data format for the field type according to a preset mapping relation; writing the field alias and/or the field name into a first column of the Excel file as a title; and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format.
Optionally, the system further comprises a code normalization module, configured to perform unified code normalization of the derived content on the SQL result set according to the code format of the database to be queried.
Optionally, the data export module is further configured to: and splitting and writing the SQL result set into a data sheet page of an Excel file according to a preset splitting rule.
Optionally, the data export module is further configured to write the dynamic SQL script into a sheet page following the data sheet page.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed on a computer, the instructions cause the computer to execute the database query and data export method according to the foregoing embodiment.
The embodiment of the invention provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the database query and data export method of the embodiment.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed.
Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention essentially or partially contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A database query and data export method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried);
submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried, and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried;
and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating a dynamic SQL script that conforms to the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried comprises:
generating an initial SQL script, acquiring the SQL characteristics of a database to be queried, and performing syntax check on the initial SQL script according to the SOL characteristics;
and modifying the initial SQL script according to the checking result until the initial SQL script accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried, and acquiring a dynamic SQL script.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before submitting the dynamic SQL script to the database to be queried, further comprising: and acquiring export path parameters, checking whether the Excel file under the corresponding path has write-in authority according to the export path parameters, and if the Excel file does not have the write-in authority, changing the export path.
4. The database query and data export method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path includes:
acquiring the field type, field alias and/or field name of the SQL result set;
adapting an Excel data format for the field type according to a preset mapping relation;
writing the field alias and/or the field name into a first column of the Excel file as a title;
and writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format.
5. The database query and data export method according to claim 4, before writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format, further comprising: and according to the coding format of the database to be queried, carrying out unified coding normalization on the derived content of the SQL result set.
6. The database query and data export method according to claim 4, wherein when writing the SQL result set into an Excel file in the adapted Excel data format, the method further comprises: and splitting and writing the SQL result set into a data sheet page of an Excel file according to a preset splitting rule.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising writing the dynamic SQL script into a sheet page following a data sheet page.
8. A database query and data export system, comprising:
the script generation module is used for generating a dynamic SQL script which accords with the SQL characteristics of the database to be queried; the SQL characteristic of the database to be queried is obtained by pre-obtaining and packaging an SDK (database to be queried);
the data query module is used for submitting the dynamic SQL script to a database to be queried and receiving an SQL result set obtained by executing the dynamic SQL script and fed back by the database to be queried;
and the data export module is used for writing the SQL result set into an Excel file under a preset export path.
9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the database query and data derivation method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the database query and data export method of any one of claims 1-7 when executing the program.
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