CN111257965B - System and method for measuring in-place of water molecule and isotope composition on lunar surface - Google Patents
System and method for measuring in-place of water molecule and isotope composition on lunar surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111257965B CN111257965B CN202010189071.6A CN202010189071A CN111257965B CN 111257965 B CN111257965 B CN 111257965B CN 202010189071 A CN202010189071 A CN 202010189071A CN 111257965 B CN111257965 B CN 111257965B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V15/00—Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring the in-place water molecule and isotope composition on the surface of a moon, and relates to a system and a method for sampling and extracting water ice on the surface of the moon in an in-situ manner in a permanent shadow polar region of the moon and measuring the in-place water molecule content and the isotope composition by adopting a laser absorption spectrum-mass spectrum combined means. The system is based on a lunar exploration landing platform. Landing platform is landed in the area to be measured, instrument is started for self-checking, water ice extraction device is heated to extract water vapor, analyzer is started to measure water content and hydrogen isotope, temperature is reduced to complete the analysis process of the area, the area is moved to the next area, and measurement is finally completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for measuring the in-place of the water molecule and isotope composition on the surface of a moon.
Background
Distribution, content and source of lunar water and volatiles are directly related to significant problems of lunar origin, magmatic evolution and the like. Meanwhile, lunar water is also an important strategic resource, and provides support for future lunar bases and manned lunar exploration activities. Therefore, the development of lunar water ice exploration has important scientific significance and strategic value. However, in the past, the water ice detection of the moon internationally adopts remote sensing indirect technical schemes, including full moon neutron spectrum detection, imaging spectrometer, reflectivity detection and the like. At present, the water ice detection and isotope measurement of the moon in place are not directly carried out, and the method is the first time in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, a system and a method for measuring the in-place of the water molecule and isotope composition on the lunar surface are provided. The system comprises an electric control unit, an analysis unit and a water ice extraction device, and is based on a lunar exploration landing platform; the water ice extraction device is in fluid connection with the input end of the reflecting pool arranged in the analysis unit; the output end of the reflecting pool is in fluid connection with one end of a first isolating valve, and the other end of the first isolating valve is in fluid connection with the input end of the EI ion source; the output of the analysis unit is fluidly connected to a second isolation valve.
Also provides a method for measuring the in-place composition of water molecules and isotopes on the lunar surface, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: landing platform is landed in the area to be tested, the electric control unit, the analysis unit are started for self-checking, and the water ice extraction device is preheated;
the second step is that: the water ice extraction device is moved and is inserted into lunar soil by using a transmission mechanism;
the third step: loading working current by the water ice extraction device, and recording the heating temperature;
the fourth step: starting an analysis unit, and measuring the water molecule content and the hydrogen isotope;
the fifth step: and (5) cooling after the temperature reaches the set temperature, and recovering the water ice extraction device to finish the regional measurement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for in-situ sampling and extracting lunar surface water ice in a lunar permanent shadow polar region by taking laser absorption spectrum-flight time mass spectrum combination as a technical means and depending on a lunar exploration landing platform, so that the lunar surface water molecule content and the isotope composition are obtained in situ. The system has low power consumption, light weight and high sensitivity and meets the requirement of lunar exploration load.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the water molecule and isotope composition in-situ measurement system on the lunar surface is a general schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: the water molecules and isotopes on the lunar surface form an internal structure diagram of the in-place measuring system;
FIG. 3: the water molecule and isotope composition in-situ measuring system and method on the lunar surface are a general flow chart.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a lunar surface water molecule and isotope composition in-place measuring system, which comprises an electric control unit 1, an analysis unit 2 and a water ice extraction device 3, wherein the system is supported on a lunar exploration landing platform 4; the water ice extraction device 3 is in fluid connection with the input end of a reflection cell 2-1 arranged in the analysis unit 2; the output end of the reflecting pool 2-1 is in fluid connection with one end of a first isolation valve 2-5, and the other end of the first isolation valve 2-5 is in fluid connection with the input end of an EI ion source 2-6; the output of the analysis unit 2 is fluidly connected to a second isolation valve 2-11.
The analysis unit 2 is provided with a reflection cell 2-1, a laser 2-2, a temperature probe 2-3, a laser detector 2-4, a first isolation valve 2-5, an EI ion source 2-6, an acceleration region 2-7, an MCP detector 2-8, a flight region 2-9, a reflection region 2-10 and a second isolation valve 2-11.
The reflection pool 2-1, the laser 2-2, the temperature probe 2-3 and the laser detector 2-4 are used for obtaining laser absorption spectrum data, and are in communication connection and transmitted to the electronic control unit 1. The temperature probe 2-3 of the reflecting pool 2-1 is electrically connected with the electric control unit 1 and used for correcting absorption spectrum data and calculating water molecule isotopes; EI ion source 2-6, acceleration region 2-7, MCP detector 2-8, flight region 2-9 and reflection region 2-10 are used for obtaining water molecule content information.
The method for measuring the positioning of the water molecule and isotope composition on the lunar surface comprises the following specific measurement processes:
the first step is as follows: landing platform 4 is landed in the area to be tested, electric control unit 1, analysis unit 2 are started for self-test, and water ice extraction device 3 is preheated;
the second step is that: the water ice extraction device 3 is moved and is inserted into lunar soil by a transmission mechanism;
the third step: loading working current by the water ice extraction device 3 and recording the heating temperature;
the fourth step: starting the analysis unit 2, and measuring the water molecule content and the hydrogen isotope;
the fifth step: cooling after the temperature reaches the set temperature, and recovering the water ice extraction device 3 to finish the regional measurement;
and a sixth step: and judging whether to carry out lower area measurement or not, and moving the landing platform to the next area or finishing the measurement.
Specifically, the water vapor extracted by the water ice extraction device 3 enters the reflection pool 2-1, and laser absorption spectrum data are obtained by the laser 2-2 and the laser detector 2-4 and transmitted to the electronic control unit 1. The temperature probe 2-3 of the reflecting pool 2-1 is electrically connected with the electronic control unit 1 and used for correcting and calculating water molecule isotopes according to absorption spectrum data, and the electronic control unit 1 outputs water molecule isotope information. In order to realize accurate measurement of isotope ratio, mid-infrared fundamental frequency absorption with stronger linear intensity needs to be selected, the selected wavelength is 6756nm, and a laser for realizing light emission in the wave band is a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). The laser detector is selected from thermoelectric refrigeration type or non-refrigeration type MCT and InAsSb detectors with corresponding wave bands.
In the flight time mass spectrum, an EI ion source 2-5 ionizes water vapor to generate ions, the ions are received by an MCP detector 2-8 sequentially through an acceleration region 2-7, a flight region 2-9 and a reflection region 2-10, an obtained water molecule signal is transmitted to an electric control unit 1, and the electric control unit 1 outputs water molecule content information. The mass range of the flight mass spectrum is 1-100amu, and the resolution is 100 FWHM.
In order to improve the detection accuracy of the water vapor, the concentration or pressure of the water vapor in the cavity needs to be improved. The pipeline of the water ice extraction device 3 is provided with a water vapor condensation enrichment device, when the water vapor reaches a certain amount, the air inlet valve of the water ice extraction device 3 is closed, and then the water vapor condensation enrichment device is heated, so that water vapor with higher concentration is generated.
Claims (5)
1. A lunar surface water molecule and isotope composition in-position measurement system is characterized in that: the system comprises an electric control unit (1), an analysis unit (2) and a water ice extraction device (3), and is based on a lunar exploration landing platform (4); the water ice extraction device (3) is in fluid connection with the input end of a reflecting pool (2-1) arranged on the analysis unit (2); the output end of the reflecting pool (2-1) is in fluid connection with one end of a first isolation valve (2-5), and the other end of the first isolation valve (2-5) is in fluid connection with the input end of an EI ion source (2-6); the output end of the analysis unit (2) is in fluid connection with a second isolation valve (2-11); a water ice extraction device (3) inserted into the lunar soil to heat and extract water molecules; the electric control unit (1) outputs water molecule isotope information and water molecule content information.
2. The lunar surface water molecule and isotope composition in-situ measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the analysis unit (2) is provided with a reflection pool (2-1), a laser (2-2), a temperature probe (2-3), a laser detector (2-4), a first isolation valve (2-5), an EI ion source (2-6), an acceleration region (2-7), an MCP detector (2-8), a flight region (2-9), a reflection region (2-10) and a second isolation valve (2-11);
the device comprises a laser (2-2), a temperature probe (2-3), a laser detector (2-4), a first isolation valve (2-5), an EI ion source (2-6), an acceleration region (2-7), an MCP detector (2-8), a flight region (2-9), a reflection region (2-10) and a second isolation valve (2-11), wherein the second isolation valve is electrically connected with an electric control unit (1).
3. A method for measuring the molecular and isotopic composition of lunar surface water in-situ using the measurement system of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: landing platform (4) is landed in the area to be tested, electric control unit (1), analysis unit (2) are started for self-checking, and water ice extraction device (3) is preheated;
the second step is that: the movable water ice extraction device (3) is inserted into lunar soil by a transmission mechanism;
the third step: loading working current by the water ice extraction device (3) and recording the heating temperature;
the fourth step: starting an analysis unit (2) to measure the water molecule content and the hydrogen isotope;
the fifth step: after the temperature reaches the set temperature, the water ice extraction device (3) is recovered, and the regional measurement is completed;
and a sixth step: and judging whether to measure the next area or not, and moving the landing platform to the next area or finishing the measurement.
4. The lunar surface water molecule and isotope composition in-situ measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that water vapor extracted by the water ice extraction device (3) enters a reflection pool (2-1), and laser absorption spectrum data are obtained by a laser (2-2) and a laser detector (2-4) and transmitted to the electronic control unit (1);
the temperature probe (2-3) of the reflecting pool (2-1) is electrically connected with the electric control unit (1) and is used for correcting the absorption spectrum data and calculating the water molecule isotope.
5. The lunar surface water molecule and isotope composition in-situ measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that the EI ion source (2-5) ionizes water vapor to generate ions, the ions are received by the MCP detector (2-8) sequentially through the acceleration region (2-7), the flight region (2-9) and the reflection region (2-10), and the obtained water molecule signals are transmitted to the electronic control unit (1).
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| CN112067582A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Device and method for detecting water vapor stable isotope based on cavity enhanced absorption spectrum technology |
| CN112525976B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-22 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Method for simultaneously analyzing water content, oxygen isotope and hydrogen isotope in water-containing mineral based on large-scale ion probe |
| CN113432931B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-02-03 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Simulation experiment device for water-ice-containing lunar soil water vapor extraction |
| CN113356855A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Moon water ice mining method |
| CN113984603B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-07-12 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Low water content and H isotope composition simulated lunar soil preparation experimental device |
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