CN111257927B - Method for determining effective monitoring distance of coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism - Google Patents
Method for determining effective monitoring distance of coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282840 Vicugna vicugna Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/168—Deployment of receiver elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/14—Signal detection
- G01V2210/142—Receiver location
- G01V2210/1429—Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/14—Signal detection
- G01V2210/144—Signal detection with functionally associated receivers, e.g. hydrophone and geophone pairs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/63—Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining an effective monitoring distance of a coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism, which fully utilizes the amplitude and frequency attenuation characteristics of microseism waves and comprises the steps of 1, placing a calibration shot, arranging a detector and recording signals; step 2, extracting signal amplitude and centroid frequency; step 3, drawing an amplitude attenuation curve; step 4, drawing a frequency contour line; and 5, determining the effective monitoring distance of the microseism. The invention has the technical effects that: reliable data are provided for the effective monitoring distance of the micro earthquake in the coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing, and a technical scheme is provided for arranging a detector and a mobile detector in the construction process. The invention is suitable for the coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of applied geophysics, and particularly relates to a method for determining an effective monitoring distance of a coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism.
Background
The microseism monitoring technology is widely applied to underground engineering such as petroleum, natural gas, shale gas, coal bed gas, carbon dioxide sequestration, mining and the like, and is mainly used for monitoring the fracture and crack propagation behaviors of reservoir transformation. Underground gas of coal mines is undoubtedly changed into energy and is an important component of natural gas. The hydraulic fracturing technology can effectively increase the air permeability of the coal seam and promote the efficient extraction of gas. The popularization of the hydraulic fracturing technology in coal mines requires microseismic monitoring in coal mines.
At present, the underground hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring of coal mines mostly depends on a mode of installing detectors in drill holes in the oil and gas industry or a grid type detector arrangement method for mine seismic monitoring. The disadvantages of the way in which the geophones are installed in the borehole are: additional drilling holes need to be drilled in the underground mine, and the detectors cannot be recycled. However, in the underground coal mine, the mode can be completely replaced by the existing roadway without additionally drilling holes. For the grid detector arrangement method commonly used in the mine earthquake, because the mine earthquake energy is large and the propagation distance is long, the grid detector arrangement method is feasible for monitoring the mine earthquake. However, the detector is far away from the seismic source point due to excessive pursuit of the grid type, the micro-seismic energy generated by the underground hydraulic fracturing fracture of the coal mine is small, the propagation distance is limited, and the method is not suitable for underground hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring.
A calibration gun is usually placed before the underground coal mine micro-seismic monitoring is implemented, the calibration gun is only used for measuring the wave velocity, the amplitude and frequency attenuation characteristics of micro-seismic waves generated by blasting are not fully utilized, so that a plurality of placed detectors cannot monitor micro-seismic signals in the actual monitoring process, and the detectors are wasted. In the micro-seismic monitoring of the underground coal mine hydraulic fracturing, no practical technical means is provided for determining the arrangement distance of the detectors, so that difficulty and waste are caused to the construction of the micro-seismic monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the underground hydraulic fracturing micro earthquake in a coal mine, which can determine the effective monitoring distance of the micro earthquake and accurately arrange a wave detector.
The conception of the invention is as follows: the method determines the effective microseism monitoring distance by drawing the 'amplitude + frequency' attenuation combination diagram of the microseism waves and combining the hydraulic fracturing parameters, realizes the accurate arrangement of the detectors, and guides and processes the technical problems of determining the distance of the detectors, needing to move the detectors and the like in the existing underground coal mine hydraulic fracturing microseism monitoring construction process.
The invention provides a method for determining an effective monitoring distance of a coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism, which comprises the following steps:
and 5, determining the effective monitoring distance of the microseism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method fully utilizes the amplitude and frequency attenuation characteristics of the micro-seismic wave, can accurately determine the monitoring distance of the micro-seismic in the underground hydraulic fracturing of the coal mine, and provides data for arranging the detectors and moving the detectors in the construction process.
2. The method is simple to operate, easy to implement and suitable for underground coal mine hydraulic fracturing microseism monitoring.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment in situ;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a combined plot of the "amplitude + frequency" attenuation of microseismic waves;
fig. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of determining an effective monitoring distance.
In fig. 1 and 2, 1, calibrating a shot point; 2-1 to 2-10, a wave detector; 3. pre-fracturing the reservoir; 4. a roof strata roadway; 5. a floor rock roadway; 6. a coal seam; 7. a top plate; 8. a base plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the invention comprises the following steps:
11) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a calibrated shot blasting point 1 is selected in a roof rock roadway 4 near a pre-fractured reservoir 3; detectors 2-1-2-10 are arranged on a bottom plate rock stratum roadway 5 at equal intervals, and the distance between each detector and a blasting point is increased in sequence.
The pre-fractured reservoir 3 has a coal seam 6, a roof 7 and a floor 8; the roadway is arranged on the rock stratum: namely, coal seam tunnels are not excavated in the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 8 before extraction reaches the standard and gas danger is eliminated.
12) Connecting a wave detector with a micro-seismic signal acquisition instrument, connecting the micro-seismic signal acquisition instrument with a computer, and opening micro-seismic monitoring software to perform trial acquisition to ensure that the signal acquisition works normally;
13) the calibrated cannon is assembled according to the normal blasting process, and the explosion energy E is calculated through the explosive amountbAnd confirming the safety of blasting environment, blasting, recording blasting time and collecting blasting micro-seismic signals.
31) the distance x between the detector and the calibration cannon is taken as the abscissa, and the square A of the amplitude is taken2Marking the signal amplitude data extracted in the step 2 as x-A for the ordinate2Obtaining the punctuations of the amplitude data of each signal on a coordinate system;
32) using the formula A2=Ab 2e-x/qFitting 31) the signal amplitude data points to obtain an amplitude decay curve Q, see curve Q in fig. 3. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis represents the square of the amplitude A2(ii) a The transverse axis is the detector toCalibrating the distance x of the cannon; q is an amplitude attenuation curve with an attenuation coefficient Q; a. theb 2Calculating the explosion energy E of the calibrated cannon for the initial amplitude of the fitted calibrated cannonbAnd Ab 2Is equal to Eb/Ab 2。
Connecting the coordinate origin and each signal amplitude data point, and extending to obtain a frequency contour corresponding to each signal, as shown in fig. 3, wherein each dotted line correspondingly passes through the signal amplitude data point in step 3, and the magnitude of the frequency F is proportional to the angle between the dotted line and the abscissa x (see the document: "discussion of cross-hole seismic distance selection between wells", vicuna, song zheng, geophysical prospecting and chemical prospecting computing technology 02 (1989) (169) -. To this end, a combined "amplitude + frequency" attenuation map of the micro seismic waves in the pre-fractured reservoir region is obtained, see FIG. 3, F1~F10Is a frequency contour.
51) calculating reservoir hydraulic fracturing fracture energy EHF,EHF=10qPmaxWherein q is the injection flow rate of the hydraulic fracturing fluid and the unit is m3/h,PmaxIs the maximum water injection pressure in MPa, EHFThe unit of (a) is J;
52) calculating the initial amplitude A of the micro earthquake of hydraulic fracturing fractureHF 2,AHF 2=EHFN, wherein EHFCalculated in step 51), n is calculated in step 32);
53) determining the maximum background noise amplitude by microseism monitoring software, and setting the maximum background noise amplitude as an amplitude threshold Th of data acquisition;
54) checking the upper limit F of the frequency response of the detectors;
55) In the microseismic wave "amplitude + frequency" attenuation complex plot (i.e., in FIG. 3), the initial amplitude A of the hydraulic fracture microseismic is plottedHF 2Amplitude threshold Th for data acquisition2Sum detector frequency response upper bound Fs;
56) As shown in the figure4, for convenient drawing, the ordinate is changed into a logarithmic coordinate with the base number being a natural logarithm e (or not according to the situation), and the upper limit F of the frequency response of the detector is found outsFinding out the initial amplitude A of the hydraulic fracture and fracture microseism together with the focus A of the amplitude attenuation curve QHF 2With the focus B of the amplitude attenuation curve Q, find the amplitude threshold Th2Focus C of the amplitude attenuation curve Q;
57) as shown in fig. 4, take x1=max(xA,xB) Wherein x isACorresponding to the abscissa, x, for A pointsBCorresponding the B point to the abscissa, and taking the C point to correspond the abscissa x2,x1And x2The difference in (a) is the microseismic effective monitoring distance in the pre-fractured reservoir region.
FIG. 4 shows the detector frequency response ceiling FsIn the higher case, FIG. 5 shows the detector frequency response ceiling FsThe lower case. In FIGS. 4 and 5, Ab 2Calibrating the initial amplitude of the shot for fitting; fsIs the upper limit of the frequency response of the detector; q is an attenuation curve with the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the microseism waves in the fracturing area as Q; a. theHF 2Initial amplitude of micro-seismic for hydraulic fracture; th2Is the square of the amplitude threshold of the microseismic monitoring signal; point A is the upper limit F of the frequency response of the detectorsThe focus point of the amplitude attenuation curve Q, point B is the initial amplitude A of the hydraulic fracture micro earthquakeHF 2With the focus of the amplitude attenuation curve Q, point C being the square of the amplitude threshold Th2The focus of the amplitude attenuation curve Q; x is the number of1=max(xA,xB) Wherein x isACorresponding to the abscissa, x, for A pointsBCorresponding to the abscissa, x, for B points2The abscissa corresponds to the point C.
The method makes full use of the amplitude and frequency attenuation characteristics of the micro-seismic waves, provides a simple, reliable and feasible scientific method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the coal mine underground micro-seismic waves, and provides reliable data for the effective monitoring distance of the micro-seismic waves in the coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing.
Claims (6)
1. A method for determining an effective monitoring distance of a coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, putting a calibration cannon, arranging a detector and recording signals;
step 2, extracting amplitude and centroid frequency from the calibration shot micro seismic waveform signals collected by each detector;
step 3, taking the distance x between the detector and the calibration cannon as the abscissa and the square A of the amplitude2Drawing an amplitude attenuation curve for a vertical coordinate;
step 4, drawing a frequency contour line;
and 5, determining the effective monitoring distance of the microseism.
2. The method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing microseism according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the step of placing a calibration cannon and arranging a geophone comprises the following steps:
step 11), selecting a calibrated blasting shot point in a roof rock roadway near the pre-fractured reservoir; a plurality of detectors are arranged on a floor rock roadway at equal intervals, and the distance between each detector and a shot point is increased in sequence;
step 12), connecting the detector with a microseism signal acquisition instrument, connecting the microseism signal acquisition instrument with a computer, and opening microseism monitoring software to perform trial acquisition to ensure that the signal acquisition works normally;
step 13), the calibration gun is assembled according to the normal blasting process, and the explosion energy E is calculated according to the explosive loadingbAnd confirming the safety of blasting environment, blasting, recording blasting time and collecting blasting micro-seismic signals.
3. The method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the underground hydraulic fracturing microseism in the coal mine according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the waveform signal peak value of the calibration shot microseism collected by each detector is taken as the amplitude; and converting the time domain waveform signal into a frequency domain signal by using fast Fourier transform, integrating the frequency domain signal, and then calculating the average value, wherein the calculated average value is used as the centroid frequency.
4. The method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the underground hydraulic fracturing microseism in the coal mine according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the step of drawing the amplitude attenuation curve comprises the following steps:
step 31), taking the distance x between the detector and the calibration cannon as a horizontal coordinate, and taking the square A of the amplitude2Marking the signal amplitude data extracted in the step 2 as x-A for the ordinate2Obtaining each signal amplitude data point on a coordinate system; step 32), utilizing the male A2=Ab 2e-x/qFitting 31) the signal amplitude data points to obtain an amplitude attenuation curve Q, wherein Q is an attenuation coefficient; a. theb 2Calibrating the initial amplitude of the shot for fitting; calculating and calibrating explosion energy E of cannonbAnd Ab 2Is equal to Eb/Ab 2。
5. The method for determining the effective monitoring distance of the underground hydraulic fracturing microseism in the coal mine according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4, the drawing of the frequency contour line is as follows: connecting the coordinate origin and each signal amplitude data point, and extending to obtain a frequency contour corresponding to each signal; and the amplitude attenuation curve Q and the frequency contour line of each signal form a micro seismic wave 'amplitude + frequency' attenuation combination diagram in the pre-fractured reservoir region.
6. The method for determining the effective microseism monitoring distance for the hydraulic fracturing of the underground coal mine according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5, the step of determining the effective microseism monitoring distance comprises the following steps:
step 51), calculating the fracture energy E of the reservoir hydraulic fracturingHF:EHF=10qPmaxWherein q is the injection flow rate of the hydraulic fracturing fluid and the unit is m3/h,PmaxIs the maximum water injection pressure in MPa, EHFThe unit of (a) is J;
step 52), calculating the initial amplitude A of the micro earthquake of the hydraulic fracturing fractureHF 2,AHF 2=EHF/n;
Step 53), determining the maximum background noise amplitude by microseism monitoring software, and setting the maximum background noise amplitude as an amplitude threshold Th of data acquisition;
step 54) checking the upper limit F of the frequency response of the detectors;
Step 55), marking the initial amplitude A of the micro earthquake of hydraulic fracturing fracture in the 'amplitude + frequency' attenuation combination diagram of the micro earthquake waveHF 2Amplitude threshold Th for data acquisition2Sum detector frequency response upper bound Fs;
Step 56), finding the upper limit F of the frequency response of the detectorsFinding out the initial amplitude A of the micro earthquake of the hydraulic fracture and fracture from the focus A of the amplitude attenuation curve QHF 2With the focus B of the amplitude attenuation curve Q, find the amplitude threshold Th2Focus C of the amplitude attenuation curve Q;
step 57), get x1=max(xA,xB) Wherein x isACorresponding to the abscissa, x, for A pointsBCorresponding the B point to the abscissa, and taking the C point to correspond the abscissa x2,x1And x2The difference is the effective monitoring distance of the microseism in the pre-fractured reservoir region.
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