CN111255744A - 一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法 - Google Patents

一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法 Download PDF

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CN111255744A
CN111255744A CN202010160489.4A CN202010160489A CN111255744A CN 111255744 A CN111255744 A CN 111255744A CN 202010160489 A CN202010160489 A CN 202010160489A CN 111255744 A CN111255744 A CN 111255744A
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CN111255744B (zh
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周正贵
郑欢
叶新龙
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/005—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; Load distribution between compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/682—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • F01D5/145—Means for influencing boundary layers or secondary circulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
    • F04D29/544—Blade shapes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F05D2220/321—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage
    • F05D2220/3216—Application in turbines in gas turbines for a special turbine stage for a special compressor stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/81—Modelling or simulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，本发明的技术特征在于：所述叶型内部开设缝隙，形成开缝叶型，所述叶型缝隙的一端位于叶型前缘，另一端位于叶型吸力面；气流流经叶片时，微量气流流入叶型缝隙，从叶型吸力面出口处喷出。本项发明所提出的利用速度冲量形成微喷气控制叶片吸力面附面层方法可用于压气机、风扇等一类轴流压缩机械，以降低流动损失、提高效率。

Description

一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气 方法
技术领域
本发明属于空气动力学技术领域，具体涉及一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，是为了利用速度冲量形成微射流控制压气机/风扇静子吸力面流动分离。
背景技术
轴流压气机/风扇静子与转子配合构成压气机/风扇级，静子用于改变气流方向和减速增压。压气机/风扇级压比越高，静子进口速度越高、气流转角越大，叶片吸力面附面层越厚、甚至产生流动分离，流动损失越大。为了提高航空发动机推重比，航空压气机/风扇始终向着高级压比方向发展。因此对于航空压气机/风扇，控制静子吸力面附面层更有价值。
2019年11月，唐雨萌等在工程热物理学报上发表论文“叶根开槽对高速常规负荷压气机叶栅性能影响”研究在压气机叶片中间开槽，利用压力面高能量气体形成射流吹除吸力面附面层，并采用计算机模拟方法进行不同方案比较，显示了开槽控制流动分离的有效性。由于压力面与吸力面能量差较小，因此开槽形成的射流对吸力面流动控制较弱。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提出一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，利用速度冲量形成微喷气，实现对压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面附面层抑制，减小静子流动损失、提高压气机效率。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，所述叶型内部开设叶型缝隙，形成开缝叶型，所述叶型缝隙的一端位于叶型前缘，另一端位于叶型吸力面；气流流经叶片时，微量气流流入叶型缝隙，从叶型吸力面出口处喷出。
进一步的，所述叶型缝隙进口正对来流方向。
进一步的，另一端位于叶型吸力面需要进行附面层吹除的位置。
进一步的，叶型缝隙形状的优化方法为：针对给定叶型构成的叶栅，初拟给出初始的叶型缝隙形状，采用流场数值模拟方法进行包含叶型缝隙流动的流场计算，根据流场计算结果和流场结构分析，进行叶型缝隙形状的修改，确定叶型缝隙形状的主要参数包括：缝隙宽度δ、缝隙出口距前缘位置L，最终得到优化的叶型缝隙。
有益效果：本发明提出的一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，与现有技术相比，具有以下优势：本项发明所提出的利用速度冲量形成微喷气控制叶片吸力面附面层方法，可形成高动量微喷气、有效吹除轴流压气机、风扇叶片吸力面附面层，降低流动损失、提高效率。
附图说明
图1静子空心叶型；
图2静子空心叶型前缘局部放大。
图中包括：1、叶型前缘，2、微量气流，3、叶型缝隙，4、叶型，5、叶型吸力面，6、叶型压力面，7、叶型弦，8、叶型尾缘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
实施例
以下由图1说明本发明利用速度冲量形成微喷气控制压气机静子吸力面附面层的实施方法。
轴流压气机/风扇静子叶片都是由若干个叶型沿径向按一定积叠规律积叠，以叶型作为骨架采用样条曲面覆盖在此骨架上形成。因此叶型是构成叶片的基本元素，叶片气动性能取决于叶型。本项发明特征在于：所述的压气机/风扇静子叶片为空心，空心叶片由开缝叶片型面即叶型(4)构成。在叶型(4)上所开叶型缝隙(3)一端位于叶型前缘(1)；另一端位于叶型吸力面(5)需要进行附面层吹除位置。气流流经叶片时，微量气流(2)流入叶型缝隙(3)，从叶型吸力面(5)出口处喷出，增加此处附面层动量、抑制附面层发展、控制附面层流动分离。进而减小静子流动损失、提高压气机/风扇效率。由于缝隙进口正对来流方向，缝隙内微量气流动量高，缝隙出口射流速度相应高，可有效控制吸力面附面层。
静子叶型气动性能指标主要为：在一定进口马赫数和进气角下，达到给定气流转角，流动损失尽可能小、且低损失攻角范围尽可能大。针对给定叶型构成的叶栅，给出初始的叶型缝隙3形状，采用流场数值模拟方法进行包含叶型缝隙流动的流场计算。根据流场计算结果和流场结构分析，进行叶型缝隙3形状的修改。比如：可增加缝隙宽度δ，以增加缝隙流量；可减小缝隙出口距前缘位置L，以更早对吸力面附面层进行控制。最终得到优化的叶型缝隙3，实现优良的叶型气动性能指标和较小的缝隙流动损失。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，其特征在于：所述叶型(4)内部开设叶型缝隙(3)，形成开缝叶型，所述叶型缝隙(3)的一端位于叶型前缘(1)，另一端位于叶型吸力面(5)；气流流经叶片时，微量气流(2)流入叶型缝隙(3)，从叶型吸力面(5)出口处喷出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，其特征在于：所述叶型缝隙(3)进口正对来流方向。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，其特征在于：另一端位于叶型吸力面(5)需要进行附面层吹除的位置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种控制压气机/风扇静子叶片吸力面流动分离的微喷气方法，其特征在于：叶型缝隙(3)形状的优化方法为：针对给定叶型构成的叶栅，初拟给出初始的叶型缝隙(3)形状，采用流场数值模拟方法进行包含叶型缝隙流动的流场计算，根据流场计算结果和流场结构分析，进行叶型缝隙(3)形状的修改，确定叶型缝隙形状的主要参数包括：缝隙宽度δ、缝隙出口距前缘位置L，最终得到优化的叶型缝隙(3)。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112253314A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-22 上海海事大学 基于鲨鱼鳃射流的燃气轮机风扇及压气机叶片减阻结构
CN112268012A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-01-26 浙江理工大学 带尾翼射流装置的无蜗壳离心通风机叶轮及其工作方法
CN113217462A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-08-06 西北工业大学 亚声速旋涡吹气式压气机叶片
WO2023060836A1 (zh) * 2021-10-15 2023-04-20 中国民航大学 一种自适应控制的压气机叶片及其制作方法

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