CN111255098A - Concrete-filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam joint and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete-filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam joint and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111255098A CN111255098A CN202010084731.4A CN202010084731A CN111255098A CN 111255098 A CN111255098 A CN 111255098A CN 202010084731 A CN202010084731 A CN 202010084731A CN 111255098 A CN111255098 A CN 111255098A
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- sleeve
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/185—Connections not covered by E04B1/21 and E04B1/2403, e.g. connections between structural parts of different material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/30—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions
Abstract
The invention relates to a steel pipe concrete column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building structures, and comprising a steel pipe column, a concrete beam and a sleeve fixedly sleeved on the steel pipe column, wherein the sleeve is fixedly provided with an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, the sleeve is fixedly provided with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is positioned between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate; an embedded plate is fixedly arranged in the concrete beam; wear to be equipped with the connecting rod of perpendicular to steel-pipe column in the steel-pipe column, the sleeve pipe is run through at the both ends of connecting rod, sets up the through-hole that supplies the connecting rod to pass on the sleeve pipe, and the connecting rod is parallel with the concrete beam, connecting rod and concrete beam fixed connection. The connecting rod plays a role in positioning the sleeve, prevents the sleeve from moving, facilitates the fixation of the sleeve, and simultaneously enables the concrete beam and the steel pipe column to be connected into a whole, thereby improving the reliability of the whole connection; the connecting rod is matched with the sleeve, so that the reliability and the bearing capacity of the integral connection are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building structures, in particular to a node of a concrete filled steel tubular column and a cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam and a construction method thereof.
Background
The steel tube concrete column is a vertical bearing member of a combined structure formed by pouring concrete in a steel tube, has the advantages of high bearing capacity, good ductility, convenience in construction and the like, and is widely applied to engineering.
The Chinese patent with application publication number CN108867889A discloses a prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam and steel pipe column connection node and a construction method thereof, wherein the prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam and steel pipe column connection node comprises a prefabricated steel pipe column, a prefabricated reinforced concrete composite beam, a U-shaped steel sleeve, a connection area and composite slab cast-in-place concrete; the prefabricated steel pipe column comprises a steel pipe column and a reserved H-shaped steel end welded on the outer wall of the steel pipe column; the prefabricated reinforced concrete superposed beam comprises upper stressed steel bars, lower stressed steel bars, stirrups, T-shaped connecting pieces and precast concrete, wherein the T-shaped connecting pieces consist of flange steel plates, web steel plates and studs welded on the web; the U-shaped steel sleeve comprises an outward-turned U-shaped steel groove and connecting steel bars.
The prior art scheme has the following defects that because the pipe wall of the steel pipe column is thin, the H-shaped steel end is directly welded on the pipe wall of the steel pipe column, the stress deformation of the welding position of the steel pipe column is easily caused, the connection reliability is low, and the bearing capacity of the node is low.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a steel pipe concrete column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node which has the advantages of improving the reliability and the bearing capacity of the node.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a node of a steel pipe concrete column and a cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam comprises the steel pipe column, the concrete beam and a sleeve fixedly sleeved on the steel pipe column, wherein an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate are fixedly arranged on the sleeve; an embedded plate is fixedly arranged in the concrete beam and is fixedly connected with the connecting plate through a connecting bolt;
the connecting rod is perpendicular to the steel pipe column and penetrates through the steel pipe column, the two ends of the connecting rod penetrate through the sleeve, a through hole for the connecting rod to penetrate through is formed in the sleeve, the connecting rod is parallel to the concrete beam, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the concrete beam.
By adopting the technical scheme, during construction, the sleeve is sleeved on the steel pipe column, the connecting rod is inserted, the connecting rod plays a role in positioning the sleeve, the sleeve is prevented from shifting, the sleeve is convenient to fix, and meanwhile, the concrete beam and the steel pipe column are connected into a whole, so that the reliability of integral connection is improved; the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate enhance the stress capacity of the root part of the concrete beam, and the sleeve is arranged to play a role in bearing the acting force of the concrete beam, so that the overall strength is improved; the connecting rod is matched with the sleeve, so that the reliability and the bearing capacity of the integral connection are improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the connecting rod is provided with two thread sections, the thread sections are connected with limit nuts in a threaded mode, and the limit nuts are abutted to the sleeve.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the connecting pipe is inserted into the steel pipe column, the position of the connecting rod is adjusted to enable the lengths of the two ends of the connecting rod extending out of the sleeve to be equal, and then the limiting nut is rotated and is enabled to be abutted against the sleeve; so that the position of the connecting rod is limited, the connecting rod is prevented from shifting in the construction process, and the concrete beams on two sides of the steel pipe column and the connecting rod are uniformly stressed.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the sleeve pipe is fixedly provided with a boss, the through hole is formed in the boss, the side wall, far away from the sleeve pipe, of the boss is arranged to be a plane, and the limiting nut is abutted to the plane.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, stop nut supports tightly with the plane of boss, improves stop nut's area of contact effectively, improves the stability of stop nut position, prevents that stop nut is not hard up.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the end face of the concrete beam is fixedly provided with a fixed rod along the vertical direction, a sliding block is sleeved on the fixed rod in a sliding manner, and the fixed rod is provided with a limiting piece for limiting the position of the sliding block; the through hole is a waist-shaped hole which is arranged along the vertical direction, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the sliding block.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the steel bar is usually arranged in the steel pipe column, and the waist-shaped hole is arranged, when the connecting rod is inserted and is abutted against the steel bar, the connecting rod can be conveniently moved up and down, so that the connecting rod and the steel bar in the steel pipe column are staggered; after the position of the connecting rod is fixed, the position of the sliding block is adjusted to enable the connecting rod to be connected with the sliding block, and finally the position of the sliding block is limited through a limiting piece; the universality is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the locating part includes that the screw thread cover locates the fixation nut on the dead lever, and every slider all corresponds and sets up two fixation nuts, two fixation nut respectively with the roof and the diapire butt of slider.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after the position control of slider, rotate fixation nut to make fixation nut and slider butt can, realize the purpose of injecing the slider position, easy operation is convenient.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the fixed extension rod that is provided with of direction along being on a parallel with the connecting rod on the slider, threaded sleeve is equipped with the sleeve between extension rod and the connecting rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adjust the position back of connecting rod and slider to make the connecting rod just right with the extension rod, rotate the sleeve, so that the connecting rod is connected with the extension rod, realize the purpose of fixed connection connecting rod and extension rod, convenient operation.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the concrete beam comprises a concrete structure and a reinforcement cage, the reinforcement cage comprises an upper main reinforcement, a lower main reinforcement and a stirrup, the upper main reinforcement and the lower main reinforcement are perpendicular to the steel pipe column, the stirrup is sleeved on the upper main reinforcement and the lower main reinforcement, the upper main reinforcement is fixedly connected with the top wall of the upper cover plate, and the lower main reinforcement is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the lower cover plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the construction, will go up main muscle and upper cover plate fixed connection, lower main muscle and apron fixed connection down improve the fastness of being connected between concrete beam and the steel-pipe column.
The invention also aims to provide a construction method of the steel pipe concrete column and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node, which has the advantages of improving the reliability and the bearing capacity of the node.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a steel pipe concrete column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node comprises the following steps:
s1, marking the installation position of the sleeve on the steel bar column;
s2, sleeving the sleeve at the marked position on the reinforced column, and fixing the position of the sleeve;
s3, installing a connecting rod, inserting the connecting rod into the sleeve and the steel pipe column, adjusting the position of the connecting rod to enable the lengths of two ends of the connecting rod extending out of the sleeve to be equal, and screwing a limit nut;
s4, installing a reinforcement cage, connecting the connecting plate with the embedded plate through a connecting bolt, welding the upper main reinforcement on the upper cover plate, and welding the lower main reinforcement on the lower cover plate;
and S5, pouring concrete into the reinforcement cage to form the concrete beam.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the construction, establish the sleeve pipe cover on the steel-pipe column again, insert the connecting rod, the connecting rod plays the effect to the sleeve pipe location, prevents that the sleeve pipe from shifting, and the sheathed tube of being convenient for is fixed, makes concrete beam and steel-pipe column connection as an organic whole simultaneously, improves the reliability of monolithic connection, improves node reliability and bearing capacity effectively.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:
firstly, during construction, sleeving the sleeve on the steel pipe column, inserting the connecting rod, wherein the connecting rod plays a role in positioning the sleeve, prevents the sleeve from moving, is convenient for fixing the sleeve, and simultaneously enables the concrete beam and the steel pipe column to be connected into a whole, so that the reliability of integral connection is improved; the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate enhance the stress capacity of the root part of the concrete beam, and the sleeve is arranged to play a role in bearing the acting force of the concrete beam, so that the overall strength is improved; the connecting rod is matched with the sleeve, so that the reliability and the bearing capacity of the integral connection are improved;
secondly, because the steel pipe column is usually internally provided with reinforcing steel bars and the waist-shaped holes are arranged, when the connecting rod is inserted into the connecting rod and is abutted against the reinforcing steel bars, the connecting rod is convenient to move up and down, so that the connecting rod and the reinforcing steel bars in the steel pipe column are staggered; after the position of the connecting rod is fixed, the position of the sliding block is adjusted to enable the connecting rod to be connected with the sliding block, and finally the position of the sliding block is limited through a limiting piece; the universality is improved;
after the positions of the connecting rod and the sliding block are adjusted, the connecting rod is opposite to the extension rod, the sleeve is rotated, the connecting rod is connected with the extension rod, the purpose of fixedly connecting the connecting rod with the extension rod is achieved, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention as a whole;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Reference numerals: 1. steel pipe columns; 2. a concrete beam; 21. a concrete structure; 22. a reinforcement cage; 221. upper main ribs; 222. a lower main rib; 223. hooping; 3. a sleeve; 31. an upper cover plate; 32. a lower cover plate; 33. a connecting plate; 34. a boss; 341. a through hole; 342. a plane; 4. pre-burying a plate; 41. a connecting bolt; 42. positioning a rod; 43. a wing plate; 431. pre-burying a rod; 5. a connecting rod; 51. a threaded segment; 511. a limit nut; 52. a sleeve; 6. fixing the rod; 61. a slider; 611. an extension rod; 62. and (5) fixing the nut.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the node of the steel pipe concrete column and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam comprises a steel pipe column 1 and a concrete beam 2, and further comprises a sleeve 3 fixedly sleeved on the steel pipe column 1, wherein the sleeve 3 is made of steel. The steel pipe column 1 is internally provided with steel bars and is filled with concrete. An upper cover plate 31 and a lower cover plate 32 are fixedly arranged on the sleeve 3, a connecting plate 33 is fixedly arranged on the sleeve 3, the connecting plate 33 is positioned between the upper cover plate 31 and the lower cover plate 32, and two ends of the connecting plate 33 are respectively welded with the upper cover plate 31 and the lower cover plate 32; the connecting plate 33, the upper cover plate 31 and the lower cover plate 32 are welded to the sleeve 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the concrete beam 2 includes a concrete structure 21 and a reinforcement cage 22, the reinforcement cage 22 includes an upper main reinforcement 221, a lower main reinforcement 222 and a stirrup 223, the upper main reinforcement 221 and the lower main reinforcement 222 are perpendicular to the steel pipe column 1, and the stirrup 223 is sleeved on the upper main reinforcement 221 and the lower main reinforcement 222. The upper main rib 221 is welded to the top wall of the upper cover plate 31, and the lower main rib is welded to the bottom wall of the lower cover plate 32.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a pre-buried plate 4 is fixedly arranged in the concrete beam 2, and the pre-buried plate 4 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 33 through a connecting bolt 41. A plurality of positioning rods 42 are fixedly arranged on the embedded plate 4, and after concrete is poured, the positioning rods 42 are poured together with the concrete, so that the firmness of the embedded plate 4 is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, four connecting rods 5 perpendicular to the steel pipe column 1 penetrate through the steel pipe column 1, the four connecting rods 5 are distributed on the casing 3 in a rectangular shape, and the four connecting rods 5 are located between the upper cover plate 31 and the lower cover plate 32. Sleeve 3 is run through at the both ends of connecting rod 5, sets up the through-hole 341 that supplies connecting rod 5 to pass on sleeve 3, and connecting rod 5 is parallel with concrete beam 2, connecting rod 5 and concrete beam 2 fixed connection.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the connecting rod 5 is provided with two threaded sections 51, the threaded sections 51 are provided, the threaded sections 51 are connected with limit nuts 511 in a threaded manner, and the limit nuts 511 are abutted against the sleeve 3. The minimum distance between the two thread sections 51 is not more than the outer diameter of the steel pipe column 1, and the maximum distance between the two thread sections 51 is not less than the outer diameter of the steel pipe column 1.
After the connecting pipe is inserted into the steel pipe column 1, the position of the connecting rod 5 is adjusted to enable the lengths of two ends of the connecting rod 5 extending out of the sleeve 3 to be equal, then the limiting nut 511 is rotated, and the limiting nut 511 is enabled to be abutted against the sleeve 3; so that the position of the connecting rod 5 is limited, the connecting rod 5 is prevented from shifting in the construction process, and the concrete beams 2 and the connecting rod 5 on two sides of the steel pipe column 1 are uniformly stressed.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a boss 34 is fixedly disposed on the sleeve 3, the through hole 341 is opened in the boss 34, the through hole 341 is a waist-shaped hole, and the waist-shaped hole is disposed along the vertical direction. The boss 34 is provided as a flat 342 away from the side wall of the sleeve 3, and the limit nut 511 abuts against the flat 342. The limiting nut 511 is tightly abutted to the plane 342 of the boss 34, so that the contact area of the limiting nut 511 is effectively increased, the position stability of the limiting nut 511 is improved, and the loosening of the limiting nut 511 is prevented.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a fixed rod 6 is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the concrete beam 2 along the vertical direction, and a sliding block 61 is slidably sleeved on the fixed rod 6; the fixed rod 6 is provided with a limiting piece for limiting the position of the sliding block 61; the locating part includes that the fixing nut 62 on the dead lever 6 is located to the thread bush, and every slider 61 all corresponds and sets up two fixing nut 62, two fixing nut 62 respectively with the roof and the diapire butt of slider 61.
As shown in fig. 2, a wing plate 43 is fixedly arranged on the embedded plate 4, an embedded rod 431 is welded on the wing plate 43, and one end of the embedded rod 431 extending out of the concrete structure 21 is welded with the fixed rod 6.
Because the steel bar is usually arranged in the steel pipe column 1, and the waist-shaped hole is arranged, when the connecting rod 5 is abutted against the steel bar in the process of inserting the connecting rod 5, the position of the connecting rod 5 is convenient to move up and down, so that the connecting rod 5 is staggered with the steel bar in the steel pipe column 1; after the position of the connecting rod 5 is fixed, the position of the sliding block 61 is adjusted to enable the connecting rod 5 to be connected with the sliding block 61, and then the fixing nut 62 is rotated to enable the fixing nut 62 to be abutted against the sliding block 61; the universality is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, an extension rod 611 is fixedly disposed on the slider 61 along a direction parallel to the connecting rod 5, a sleeve 52 is threaded between the extension rod 611 and the connecting rod 5, and the thread directions of the two ends in the sleeve 52 are opposite.
After the positions of the connecting rod 5 and the sliding block 61 are adjusted, the connecting rod 5 is opposite to the extension rod 611, the sleeve 52 is rotated, the connecting rod 5 and the extension rod 611 move towards the middle of the sleeve 52, the purpose of fixedly connecting the connecting rod 5 and the extension rod 611 is achieved, and the operation is convenient.
The implementation principle is as follows: during construction, sleeve pipe 3 is sleeved on steel pipe column 1 again, connecting rod 5 is inserted, and connecting rod 5 plays the effect of locating sleeve pipe 3, prevents that sleeve pipe 3 from shifting, and the fixed of the sleeve pipe 3 of being convenient for makes concrete beam 2 be connected as an organic whole with steel pipe column 1 simultaneously, improves the reliability of integral connection. The upper cover plate 31 and the lower cover plate 32 reinforce the stress capacity of the root part of the concrete beam 2, and the sleeve 3 is arranged to play a role in bearing the acting force of the concrete beam 2, so that the overall strength is improved; the connecting rod 5 is matched with the sleeve 3, so that the reliability and the bearing capacity of the integral connection are improved.
Example two:
s1, marking the installation position of the sleeve 3 on the steel bar column;
s2, sleeving the sleeve 3 at the marked position on the steel bar column, and fixing the position of the sleeve 3;
s3, installing a connecting rod 5, inserting the connecting rod 5 into the sleeve 3 and the steel pipe column 1, adjusting the position of the connecting rod 5 to enable the lengths of two ends of the connecting rod 5 extending out of the sleeve 3 to be equal, and screwing the limit nut 511;
s4, installing the reinforcement cage 22, connecting the connecting plate 33 with the embedded plate 4 through the connecting bolt 41, welding the upper main reinforcement 221 on the upper cover plate 31, and welding the lower main reinforcement 222 on the lower cover plate 32;
and S5, pouring concrete into the reinforcement cage 22 to form the concrete beam 2.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a steel core concrete column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node, includes steel-pipe column (1) and concrete beam (2), its characterized in that: the steel pipe column structure is characterized by further comprising a sleeve (3) fixedly sleeved on the steel pipe column (1), an upper cover plate (31) and a lower cover plate (32) are fixedly arranged on the sleeve (3), a connecting plate (33) is fixedly arranged on the sleeve (3), and the connecting plate (33) is located between the upper cover plate (31) and the lower cover plate (32); an embedded plate (4) is fixedly arranged in the concrete beam (2), and the embedded plate (4) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (33) through a connecting bolt (41);
the connecting rod (5) perpendicular to the steel pipe column (1) penetrates through the steel pipe column (1), the two ends of the connecting rod (5) penetrate through the casing (3), a through hole (341) for the connecting rod (5) to penetrate through is formed in the casing (3), the connecting rod (5) is parallel to the concrete beam (2), and the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected with the concrete beam (2).
2. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod (5) is provided with two thread sections (51), the thread sections (51) are connected with limit nuts (511) in a threaded mode, and the limit nuts (511) are abutted to the sleeve (3).
3. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam joint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sleeve pipe (3) is fixedly provided with a boss (34), the through hole (341) is formed in the boss (34), the side wall, far away from the sleeve pipe (3), of the boss (34) is provided with a plane (342), and the limiting nut (511) is abutted to the plane (342).
4. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node of claim 3, wherein: a fixed rod (6) is fixedly arranged on the end face of the concrete beam (2) along the vertical direction, a sliding block (61) is sleeved on the fixed rod (6) in a sliding manner, and a limiting piece used for limiting the position of the sliding block (61) is arranged on the fixed rod (6); the through hole (341) is a waist-shaped hole which is arranged along the vertical direction, and the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (61).
5. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node of claim 4, wherein: the locating part includes that the screw thread cover locates fixation nut (62) on dead lever (6), and every slider (61) all corresponds and sets up two fixation nut (62), two fixation nut (62) respectively with the roof and the diapire butt of slider (61).
6. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node of claim 5, wherein: the slider (61) is gone up and is fixed along the direction that is on a parallel with connecting rod (5) and is provided with extension rod (611), threaded sleeve is equipped with sleeve (52) between extension rod (611) and connecting rod (5).
7. The concrete filled steel tubular column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concrete beam (2) comprises a concrete structure (21) and a reinforcement cage (22), the reinforcement cage (22) comprises an upper main reinforcement (221), a lower main reinforcement (222) and a stirrup (223), the upper main reinforcement (221) and the lower main reinforcement (222) are perpendicular to the steel pipe column (1), the stirrup (223) is sleeved on the upper main reinforcement (221) and the lower main reinforcement (222), the upper wall of the upper main reinforcement (221) is fixedly connected with the upper cover plate (31), and the lower wall of the main reinforcement (222) is fixedly connected with the lower cover plate (32).
8. A construction method of a steel pipe concrete column and cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam node is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, marking the installation position of the sleeve (3) on the steel bar column;
s2, sleeving the sleeve (3) at the marked position on the steel bar column, and fixing the position of the sleeve (3);
s3, installing a connecting rod (5), inserting the connecting rod (5) into the sleeve (3) and the steel pipe column (1), adjusting the position of the connecting rod (5) to enable the lengths of two ends of the connecting rod (5) extending out of the sleeve (3) to be equal, and screwing a limit nut (511);
s4, installing a reinforcement cage (22), connecting the connecting plate (33) with the embedded plate (4) through a connecting bolt (41), welding an upper main reinforcement (221) on the upper cover plate (31), and welding a lower main reinforcement on the lower cover plate (32);
and S5, pouring concrete into the reinforcement cage (22) to form the concrete beam (2).
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