CN111253044B - Drying granulation control method and vertical drying granulation integrated equipment adopting same - Google Patents
Drying granulation control method and vertical drying granulation integrated equipment adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111253044B CN111253044B CN202010272194.6A CN202010272194A CN111253044B CN 111253044 B CN111253044 B CN 111253044B CN 202010272194 A CN202010272194 A CN 202010272194A CN 111253044 B CN111253044 B CN 111253044B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/10—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drying and granulating control method and vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment adopting the method. The device comprises a vertical tank body and a cutter shaft assembly arranged in the vertical tank body, wherein the cutter shaft assembly is distributed with discontinuous spiral strip-shaped blades, the front end edge of each blade is provided with a cutting edge, and each blade is connected to the cutter shaft assembly through a connecting rod; the drying machine also comprises a central control module, a motor which is connected with the central control module and is used for driving the cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir, transport or cut the materials to be dried in the tank body, and a current sensor which is used for collecting the current of the motor. The invention can judge whether the water content of the material to be dried in the tank meets the requirement only by detecting the current of the motor, has simple control method and low cost, and has strong practicability and economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a drying granulation control method and vertical drying granulation integrated equipment adopting the method.
Background
Along with the increase of urban population, the urban sewage and sludge which need to be treated urgently are increased day by day, and various sludge drying and drying devices are also appeared at present. In the prior art, when sludge is dried, the water content of the sludge is an important index for judging whether the drying is finished, however, due to the particularity of drying and granulating equipment (generally, drying treatment is carried out on materials in a tank by combining a rotating stirring mode and a heating operation mode), a water content detection instrument cannot be directly arranged in the tank, and the water content of the sludge in the tank cannot be estimated. The existing methods include the following two methods:
firstly, according to a set target water content, calculating the drying time corresponding to the water content through comprehensive factors such as a set drying temperature, an input sludge volume and the rotating speed of a motor, and inputting the sludge into a device and then obtaining the dried sludge through the set drying time. However, the method is a method for statically judging the water content, the error is large, the obtained water content of the treated sludge is often far from the target water content, the calculation process is complex, the control factors are numerous, and the drying effect is poor.
Secondly, judge the mud moisture content in the jar in real time through the instrument that sets up the detection moisture content in the mummification jar, the theory of operation of mummification jar realizes its drying through heating, stirring mud, and this makes the moisture content detection instrument who sets up in the jar damage easily, and the instrument cost that can real-time on-line measuring mud moisture content simultaneously is expensive for the cost of this method is expensive, and the loss is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a drying and granulating control method and a vertical drying and granulating integrated device using the same, which can judge the water content of a material to be dried in a tank only by detecting the current of a motor, and have the advantages of simple control method, low cost, and strong practicability and economy.
The invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: a drying granulation control method adopts a motor to control a cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir, throw and cut a material to be dried, and determines whether the moisture content of the material to be dried meets the requirement or not through the motor current.
Further, the material to be dried is mud or mud added with a flocculating agent, and the mud includes but is not limited to sludge.
Further, when the cutter shaft assembly rotates and the motor current reaches a peak value, the water content of the material to be dried is judged to be 50% +/-5%. Wherein the peak lasts for a brief period of time.
Further, in a decreasing stage (which is a sudden decreasing stage) after the motor current reaches the peak area, the corresponding motor current value is determined according to the preset target moisture content, and when the motor current decreases to the corresponding motor current value, the drying process is controlled to be finished.
Further, a motor current curve of the unknown material to be dried in the drying process is recorded, more than one sampling is carried out on the material to be dried in the drying process, the moisture content is tested, a relation curve of the moisture content and the motor current is obtained through fitting, and then the motor current ranges corresponding to different moisture contents of the material are judged according to the relation curve of the moisture content and the motor current.
Preferably, the motor current is proportional to the load thereof, and when the resistance applied to the cutter shaft during rotation increases, i.e., the load increases, the motor current correspondingly increases, and vice versa. The mud material, such as sludge, silt, or the mud material added with flocculant, has the characteristic that when the water content is reduced from high to about fifty percent, the viscosity and the hardness are the largest, and great resistance is formed for the operation of the cutter shaft assembly. In the drying and granulating process, the moisture content of the sludge in the drying tank (the moisture content of the initial sludge to be dried which is generally fed into the tank is about eighty percent) is gradually reduced along with the stirring, throwing and cutting, the moisture content of the sludge is continuously reduced along with the continuous rolling and rubbing of the sludge on the cutter surface and the continuous increase of the viscosity of the sludge along with the reduction of the moisture content, a large-diameter sphere is gradually formed by the shape of the sludge, when the moisture content reaches about fifty percent, the viscosity and the rigidity of the sludge reach the maximum value, at the moment, the resistance borne by the cutter shaft assembly is the maximum, the motor current reaches the peak value, and along with the continuous proceeding of the stirring, throwing and cutting, the sludge is cut by the spherical blade and scattered into small-diameter particles. At the moment, the water in the original mud ball is quickly evaporated, and the water content is quickly reduced, so that the load of the motor is also quickly reduced, and the current of the motor is also quickly reduced. During the period of rapid decrease after the current reaches the peak value, the water content basically meets the target water content (40%, 30% or 20%, etc.).
When a sludge material is dried for the first time, firstly, testing the current and the moisture content of a motor is carried out, the sludge is sent into drying granulation equipment, the current of the motor is collected in real time, after the current of the motor reaches the maximum value, the drying process is stopped, the material in the drying process is taken out to carry out the moisture content test, the current value of the motor corresponding to the current moisture content is obtained, the steps are repeated, sampling tests are carried out on different current values in the descending stage of the current of the motor (the sampling test of the whole process can also be carried out from the beginning of no-load current), and a current-moisture content curve of the motor is fitted. In the subsequent drying process (same motor and same sludge material), only the current value needs to be acquired in real time, and the motor current value corresponding to the target water content is obtained according to the target water content and the motor current-water content curve. When the motor current rises from the no-load current to the peak value interval and then falls to the corresponding motor current value, the rotation of the cutter shaft is reduced or stopped, the current drying work is completed, and the sludge with the target water content is obtained.
The invention also provides vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment based on the drying and granulating control method, which comprises a vertical tank body and a cutter shaft assembly arranged in the vertical tank body, wherein the cutter shaft assembly is distributed with discontinuous spiral strip-shaped blades, the lower end edge of each blade is provided with a cutting edge, and each blade is connected to the cutter shaft assembly through a connecting rod;
the drying device also comprises a central control module, a motor which is connected with the central control module and is used for driving the cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir, throw and cut the materials to be dried in the tank body, and a current sensor which is used for collecting the current of the motor; the vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment judges whether the water content of the material to be dried in the tank body meets the requirement or not through the motor current.
When the vertical type material processing device works, the cutter shaft assembly rotates in the vertical type tank body at a high speed, the muddy material input into the vertical type tank body is continuously thrown, attached to the wall, cut and fall by the spiral strip-shaped blades, and the material forms a thin layer between the outer edges of the blades and the inner wall of the vertical type tank body under the action of the centrifugal force, the forward force and the upward force of the blades on the cutter surface. The thin layer is quickly dried and falls off due to the high temperature of the tank wall, and is continuously thrown upwards after being mixed with continuously-fed wet materials. And the cutter falls to the bottom of the tank from the space from the inner diameter of the cutter to the outer diameter of the shaft sleeve under the guiding action of the baffle plate until the cutter reaches the highest layer cutter set. Then the water is pushed to the tank wall again by the knife group to be thrown, attached to the wall, cut and fall … … repeatedly until the water reaches the preset drying requirement. In the process, a large amount of water in the materials is separated out and is pumped out through a negative pressure suction port at the upper part of the tank. The material is continuously rolled and rubbed on the cutter surface along with the reduction of the water content, so that the material is gradually dried from mud to form a large-diameter ball-shaped object, the ball-shaped object is immediately cut by the blade edge of the cutter group on the upper layer in the circulation process, and is cut and scattered into small-diameter particles, a large amount of water which is difficult to separate out and is wrapped in the ball-shaped object is volatilized, and the drying of the material is accelerated. After the particles are dispersed into small-diameter particles, the drying and granulating processes are completed through the circulation. In the whole drying process, the current of the motor is collected in real time (the current can be obtained through a Hall sensor or a current transformer), and because the current of the motor has a corresponding relation with the moisture content of the material to be dried in the tank, whether the moisture content reaches the target moisture content can be judged according to the current value of the motor, and when the current moisture content is judged to reach the target moisture content, the drying work is stopped.
Furthermore, the cutter shaft assembly comprises a main shaft which is vertically arranged in the vertical tank body and a plurality of cutter groups which are connected to the main shaft at intervals, each cutter group comprises a shaft sleeve which is detachably connected to the main shaft and blades which are uniformly distributed on the shaft sleeve, and the blades are connected with the shaft sleeve through the connecting rod.
Preferably, each lantern ring is uniformly provided with 2-10 blades, namely, 2-10 discontinuous spirals are formed on the cutter shaft assembly.
Preferably, the height difference between the high position of the next group of blades and the low position of the previous group of blades of the adjacent groups of blades on the same spiral surface is between-50 mm and +100 mm; the blade is in a shape of a planar spiral.
Furthermore, the blade is provided with two sections, namely a front section and a rear section, the front section is provided with a counter bore used for being connected and fixed with the free end of the connecting rod, the width of the rear section is less than or equal to that of the front section, the blade is made of structural steel or alloy steel or stainless steel, and the cutting edge part of the blade is formed by additionally welding high-hardness metal or surfacing high-hardness alloy for grinding; the length of the blade is 0.2-0.6 times of the inner diameter of the vertical tank body.
Furthermore, the shell of the vertical tank body is provided with an interlayer, a heat source is introduced into the shell, one side of the lower part of the vertical tank body is provided with a material inlet, the other side of the lower part of the vertical tank body is provided with a material outlet, the central line of the cutter shaft assembly is superposed with the central line of the vertical tank body, the upper end of the cutter shaft assembly is driven by a motor to rotate, a horizontal splash guard is arranged in the vertical tank body close to the upper end, the splash guard is annular, the outer ring of the splash guard is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the vertical tank body, the inner ring of the splash guard is a through hole, the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the cutter shaft and smaller than that of the inner circle of the blades on the cutter group, and the upper part of the vertical tank body is provided with a negative pressure suction port. Before working, a heat source is introduced into the interlayer of the tank body to heat the tank body; meanwhile, after the materials are input into the tank body from the material inlet, the material inlet and the material outlet are closed, the motor drives the cutter shaft assembly to rotate at a high speed, and the negative pressure suction port performs negative pressure air exhaust through the suction pump and the pipeline. The material contacts with the inner wall surface of the high-temperature vertical tank body in the process of up-and-down circulating motion, so that the material is dried. The materials generate a large amount of high-temperature water vapor in the processes of high-speed throwing, wall adhering and cutting, and the high-temperature water vapor is sucked and discharged from the negative pressure suction port through the space of the inner ring of the splash shield. Due to the function of the splash guard, the dust formed in the drying process is separated from the water vapor and is not sucked away.
Further, the inner diameter of the vertical tank body is D, the linear velocity of the outer edge of the blade is V, when D is larger than or equal to 0.5m and smaller than or equal to 1m, V =2D +5.5m/s, when D is larger than or equal to 1m and smaller than or equal to 2m, V =2.5D +5m/s, when D is larger than or equal to 2m and smaller than or equal to 2.5m, V =4D +2m/s, and the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body is 1mm-16 mm.
Preferably, a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the vertical tank body and above the blade on the uppermost layer of the cutter shaft assembly, the baffle comprises an inclined plate and a bottom plate fixedly connected with the end of the inclined plate, the bottom plate is provided with a long round through hole fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body, and a screw is inserted into the long round through hole and screwed into a threaded blind hole on the tank wall to fix the baffle on the tank wall; a supporting rib plate is arranged between the inclined plate and the bottom plate; the inclined plate and the vertical tank form an included angle of 0-80 degrees in the radial direction; the inclined plate is a rectangular plate, and the bottom plate is an arc-shaped plate attached to the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the drying granulation control method does not need expensive detection instruments and complex calculation formulas, can determine the current water content only by collecting the working current of the motor so as to control whether the drying operation is finished or not, is simple, and does not need to additionally increase the cost of expensive detection equipment.
2. Meanwhile, the current is dynamically detected in the drying process, so that the method is a dynamic detection method, and the accurate water content can be obtained.
3. In addition, when the drying and granulating integrated equipment works, the cutter shaft assembly rotates at a high speed in the vertical tank body, and the mud-shaped materials input into the vertical tank body are continuously thrown, attached to the wall, cut and fall by the spiral strip-shaped blades. The material forms a thin layer between the outer edge of the blade and the inner wall of the vertical tank body under the action of centrifugal force, forward force and upward force of the blade on the blade surface, and the thin layer is quickly dried and falls off due to the high temperature of the tank wall and is continuously conveyed upwards after being mixed with wet materials continuously fed upwards. And the cutter falls to the bottom of the tank from the space between the inner diameter of the cutter blade and the outer diameter of the shaft sleeve under the guiding action of the baffle plate until the cutter reaches the highest layer cutter set. Then the water is pushed to the tank wall again by the knife group, and the water is thrown, attached to the wall, cut and dropped … … to be repeatedly circulated until the preset drying requirement is met. In the process, a large amount of water in the materials is separated out and is pumped out through a negative pressure suction port at the upper part of the tank. The material is continuously rolled and rubbed on the cutter surface along with the reduction of the water content, so that the material is gradually dried from a mud shape to form a large-diameter ball, the ball is immediately cut by the blade edge of the cutter group on the previous layer in the circulation process, and is cut and scattered into small-diameter particles, a large amount of water which is difficult to separate out and is wrapped in the ball is volatilized, and the drying of the material is accelerated. After the particles are dispersed into small-diameter particles, the drying and granulating processes are completed through the circulation. The drying and granulation of the sludge or the flocculent sludge are completed in one device, and the drying and granulation efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structural view of a vertical drying and granulating integrated apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the arbor shaft assembly.
Fig. 3 is a front view configuration diagram of the cutter shaft assembly.
Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the knife group.
Fig. 6 is a front view configuration schematic of the blade.
Fig. 7 is an M-direction schematic view of the blade.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the scraper knife.
Fig. 9 is a partial perspective view of the interior of the vertical tank.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view schematically showing the installation of the baffle plate to the vertical tank.
Fig. 11 is a side view of the baffle (i.e., a right side view of fig. 10 with the inner wall surface of the tank body omitted).
FIG. 12 is a graph of internal diameter of a can body versus linear velocity of the outer edge of the blade.
Fig. 13 and 14 are partial views of fig. 1.
FIG. 15 is a curve showing the change between the current and the water content of the shaft motor during the drying process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a motor current of a drying and granulating apparatus intercepted by a PLC in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiment provides a drying granulation control method, wherein a motor is adopted to control a cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir or cut a material to be dried, and the water content of the material to be dried is determined through the motor current.
In this embodiment, the material to be dried is a mud material or a mud material added with a flocculant, and the mud material includes, but is not limited to, sludge.
In this embodiment, when the cutter shaft assembly rotates and the motor current reaches the peak value, it is determined that the water content of the material to be dried is 50% ± 5%. Wherein the peak lasts for a brief period of time.
In this embodiment, in a decreasing stage (which is a sudden decreasing stage) after the motor current reaches the peak area, the corresponding motor current value is determined according to the preset target moisture content, and when the motor current decreases to the corresponding motor current value, the drying process is controlled to be ended.
In this embodiment, a motor current curve of an unknown material to be dried in a drying process is recorded, a moisture content test is performed on the material to be dried in the drying process by more than one sampling, a relationship curve between the moisture content and the motor current is obtained by fitting, and then the motor current ranges corresponding to different moisture contents of the material are determined according to the relationship curve between the moisture content and the motor current.
Preferably, the motor current is proportional to the load thereof, and when the resistance applied to the cutter shaft during rotation increases, i.e., the load increases, the motor current correspondingly increases, and vice versa. The mud material, such as sludge, silt, or the mud material added with flocculant, has the characteristic that when the water content is reduced from high to about fifty percent, the viscosity and the hardness are the largest, and great resistance is formed for the operation of the cutter shaft assembly. In the drying and granulating process, the moisture content of the sludge in the drying tank (the moisture content of the initial sludge to be dried which is generally put into the tank is about eighty percent) is gradually reduced along with the stirring, the throwing and the cutting, the viscosity of the sludge is continuously increased along with the continuous rolling and rubbing of the sludge on a cutter surface and the reduction of the moisture content, and the sludge is gradually formed into a large-diameter ball shape. When the water content reaches about fifty percent, the viscosity and the hardness of the sludge reach the maximum values, the resistance borne by the cutter shaft assembly is the maximum at the moment, and the current of the motor reaches the peak value. With the continuous proceeding of cutting, throwing and wall adhering, the sludge is cut by the spherical blade and is scattered into small-diameter particles, at the moment, the water in the original sludge sphere is quickly evaporated, the water content is quickly reduced, the resistance of the motor is also quickly reduced, and the current of the motor is also quickly reduced. During the period of rapid drop after the current reaches the peak, the water content substantially meets the target water content (40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, etc.). The schematic diagram of the principle of the curve of the motor current and the water content is shown in fig. 15, and the motor current reaches the maximum peak area when the current is about 50%.
When a sludge material is dried for the first time, firstly, testing the current and the moisture content of a motor is carried out, the sludge is sent into drying granulation equipment, the current of the motor is collected in real time, after the current of the motor reaches the maximum value, the drying process is stopped, the material in the drying process is taken out to carry out the moisture content test, the current value of the motor corresponding to the current moisture content is obtained, the steps are repeated, sampling tests are carried out on different current values in the descending stage of the current of the motor (the sampling test of the whole process can also be carried out from the beginning of no-load current), and a current-moisture content curve of the motor is fitted. In the subsequent drying process (same motor and same sludge material), only the current value needs to be acquired in real time, the motor current value corresponding to the target water content is obtained according to the target water content and the corresponding motor current-water content curve, when the motor current rises from the no-load current to pass through the peak value interval and then falls to the corresponding motor current value, the rotation of the cutter shaft is reduced, the current drying work is completed, and the material is discharged to obtain the sludge with the target water content.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of motor current in an actual drying process, and the diagram includes a current value of one drying cycle of one tank. In a period, the lowest current is idle current, the current is in a discharged or non-fed state, and the resistance of the cutter shaft is the smallest. When the motor current reaches a peak value, the motor current slightly fluctuates and continues for a period of time, the period of time is a peak value interval of the motor current, a high current area slightly fluctuating is a peak current area, and the water content of corresponding sludge is about fifty percent. At the moment, the resistance of the cutter shaft is the largest, and the load of the motor is the largest. Then the water content is rapidly reduced, the resistance of the cutter shaft is reduced, the load of the motor is reduced, and the current is reduced accordingly. And when the current is lower than a preset value, judging that the target water content is reached, stopping drying, and discharging. The preset value can be determined according to the target moisture content required actually, and two exemplary drying-stopping current value points are given in fig. 16, and the moisture content is about 30 percent and 20 percent respectively.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 14, this embodiment further provides a vertical drying and granulating integrated apparatus based on the drying and granulating control method, which includes a vertical tank 1 and a cutter shaft assembly a disposed in the vertical tank 1, wherein the cutter shaft assembly a is provided with intermittent spiral strip-shaped blades B (or called as intermittent and continuous strip-shaped blades with spiral surface), a cutting edge B1 is disposed at a lower end K of each blade B, each blade B is connected to the cutter shaft assembly a through a connecting rod a1, and the intermittent spiral strip-shaped blades on the cutter shaft assembly a are discontinuous, that is, have intervals in the middle;
the drying machine also comprises a central control module, a motor (a speed reducer and the like) which is connected with the central control module and is used for driving the cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir or cut the materials to be dried in the tank body, and a current sensor used for collecting the current of the motor; the vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment determines the water content of the material to be dried in the tank body through the motor current.
When the vertical tank body is in work, the cutter shaft assembly rotates at a high speed in the vertical tank body, the mud-shaped materials input into the vertical tank body are continuously thrown, attached to the wall, cut and fall by the spiral strip-shaped blades, and the materials are dried by forming thin layers between the blades and the inner wall of the high-temperature vertical tank body. After the materials are thrown to a high position, the materials fall down from the space between the blade and the shaft sleeve of the cutter shaft assembly under the guiding action of the baffle plate, and the materials circularly move according to the above; in the whole time period of the materials in the vertical tank body which circularly move, the materials are gradually dried from mud shape to form a ball shape with large diameter, and then are cut by the blade from the ball shape and are broken into small-diameter particles, and then are gradually dried after being broken into small-diameter particles. In the whole drying process, the current of the motor is collected in real time (the current can be obtained through a Hall sensor or a current transformer), and because the current of the motor has a corresponding relation with the moisture content of the material to be dried in the tank, whether the moisture content reaches the target moisture content can be judged according to the current value of the motor, and when the current moisture content is judged to reach the target moisture content, the drying work is stopped.
In the embodiment, the cutter shaft assembly a comprises a main shaft a2 erected in the vertical tank 1 and a plurality of cutter groups A3 connected to the main shaft at intervals, and the lower end edge K refers to the edge of each cutter blade of the cutter shaft assembly which first hits a mud ball.
For the blades of the adjacent groups on the same helicoid, the height difference between the high position of the next group of blades and the low position of the previous group of blades is between-50 mm and +100mm, and the first embodiment is that the next group of blades extends to the high position in the height direction of the vertically arranged cutter shaft assembly and can be superposed with the previous group of blades to form a complete continuous spiral or helicoid; in the second embodiment, in the height direction of the vertically arranged cutter shaft assembly, the next group of blades extend to the high position and do not coincide with the previous group of blades to form a spiral or helical surface which is staggered up and down, the two embodiments can generate the value of the fall between-50 mm and +100mm, and the preferred embodiment of the present application is the first embodiment.
In the drying process of sludge or flocculated sludge, along with the reduction of the water content of the sludge, the sludge can form a spherical shape (the diameter of a sludge ball is more than 80mm-200mm, the phenomenon can occur in horizontal or vertical drying equipment, the outer surface of the sludge ball is smoother, and the water wrapped in the sludge ball is difficult to be further dried), in the prior sludge drying equipment, on one hand, particularly in equipment using stirring blades, the stirring blades are greatly impacted by the sludge ball, so that the stirring blades cannot run at high speed (usually, the stirring blades can only run at a linear speed of 1-5m/s, so that the efficiency is lower), once the stirring blades exceed the linear speed of 5m/s, the stirring blades are easily impacted, deformed and even broken, and if higher-strength metal or the thickness of the stirring blades is increased, although the rigidity is increased, but also increases the manufacturing cost and the weight, and the centrifugal force of rotation is increased during stirring, so that the equipment is unstable in operation, has huge noise and poor safety performance; on the other hand, the water in the mud ball is difficult to volatilize and the paddle can not cut the mud ball. Therefore, no matter which sludge drying equipment is used in the past, the sludge balls are difficult to dry after being subjected to high-temperature treatment for more than one hour in the equipment, so that the drying efficiency is extremely low, the energy consumption is huge, and long-term tests of the applicant find that the sludge balls can be dried only after being formed for at least 1.5 hours.
Blade B is the effect of spiral banding shape in this application makes the blade helicoid upwards forward and radial direction when throwing the material, and the helicoid blade is comparatively stable unanimous to centrifugal force, forward, the ascending thrust of material effect for the motion of material is favorable to the mummification. If the blade B is a planar annular belt, namely the surface is a plane, the force borne by the material on different parts of the blade is inconsistent and the direction is disordered, the motion mode is not beneficial to the drying process, and the material can directly impact the inner wall surface of the tank body when being lifted and thrown, so that huge impact force and impact noise can be generated, the tank body can be greatly damaged, and the stability of erecting the tank body can be influenced; the blades adopt a structure of intermittent and continuous cutter sets, so that the overall weight is reduced, and the distance between the upper blades and the lower blades can be adjusted according to different use requirements. If the blade helicoids on the whole cutter shaft are continuous, the cutting edge B1 cannot be installed, so that the cutting effect on mud balls cannot be generated, and great adverse effects on drying efficiency and cost are generated; meanwhile, the rigidity of the continuous blade is poor, a plurality of parts need to be reinforced, the weight of the whole cutter shaft is increased invisibly, and the cutter shaft is more complex and the manufacturing precision is difficult to guarantee; similarly, the blade is damaged greatly, the service life of the blade is shortened, the weight is heavy, and the blade cannot be adjusted as required.
Further, for better stable and efficient operation, the cutter shaft assembly a comprises a main shaft a2 erected in the vertical tank body 1 and a plurality of cutter groups A3 connected to the main shaft at intervals, each cutter group A3 comprises a shaft sleeve a4 detachably connected to the main shaft and blades B uniformly distributed on the shaft sleeve, the blades B are connected with the shaft sleeve a4 through connecting rods a1, the main shaft is a stepped shaft (made of seamless steel pipe and solid bar material), the cross section of the main shaft is circular, the shaft sleeve a4 is a circular ring, connecting rods a1 are uniformly welded and fixed on the circular ring, threaded through holes a5 are arranged at positions staggered from the connecting rods a1, the shaft sleeve can be fixed on the main shaft by screwing a set screw into the threaded through holes to abut against the surface of the main shaft, the shaft sleeve can be moved by screwing and unscrewing the set screw, and the positions of different cutter groups A3 can be adjusted by moving the shaft sleeve, so as to realize better stirring, and the cutter groups A3 can be connected to the vertical tank body with the main shaft at intervals, and the cutter groups a cutter group can be adjusted by screwing and the shaft Throwing and cutting mud balls, connecting rods A1 are connected through reinforcing rods A6 to increase strength.
Furthermore, in order to meet the use requirements, 2-10 blades can be uniformly distributed on each shaft sleeve, each blade is connected by a connecting rod, and 2-10 discontinuous spirals are formed on the shaft assembly; for the blades of the adjacent group on the same spiral, the height difference between the high position of the blade of the next group and the low position of the blade of the previous group is between-50 mm and +100 mm.
Further, in order to achieve better effects of throwing, adhering and cutting the materials and the mud balls, the blades are in a spiral surface shape, and the purposes of throwing, adhering and cutting the mud from bottom to top and circular motion can be achieved through the blades in the spiral surface shape, so that the materials can be dried better in the circulating process.
Furthermore, the blade can have two sections, namely a front section B2 and a rear section B3, wherein the front section is provided with a counter bore B4 used for connecting and fixing with the free end of the connecting rod A1, and the width of the rear section B3 is less than or equal to that of the front section B2, and the width is the size along the radial direction of the tank body or the main shaft; the blade is made of structural steel (such as 45# steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and the like), and the cutting edge B1 part of the blade is formed into a cutting edge B1 by grinding through additionally welding high-hardness metal (such as hard alloy, cutter steel and the like, and of course, a mode of improving the hardness of the cutting edge by surfacing treatment and the like is adopted).
Furthermore, in order to achieve good effect of cutting mud balls, the thickness of the blade is 8mm-20mm, the width of the blade is 30mm-100mm, and the lower end edge K of the blade B is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the rotation (traveling) direction of the blade, but can be 65-90 degrees; the length (along the circumferential direction) of the blade is 0.2-0.6 times of the inner diameter of the vertical tank body, the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body is 1-16 mm, and the blade is arranged on the main shaft to form a helix angle of 9-30 degrees; the lower end edge K of the blade B is a blade edge, and the angle of the blade edge is 20-60 degrees; the outer edge of the blade is an arc-shaped edge, the surface of the edge can be an arc-shaped surface or a spiral surface, and meanwhile, sawteeth can be arranged on the outer edge surface, triangular, rectangular or trapezoidal grooves can be distributed on the outer edge surface, the inner edge is a stepped straight edge, both the high-position end and the low-position end are straight edges, and the outer edge of the blade is arc-shaped.
Furthermore, in order to rapidly heat the materials in the drying process and improve the drying speed, the vertical tank body is cylindrical, the center of the upper part and the center of the lower part support the cutter shaft assembly through bearings, the tank shell of the vertical tank body is provided with an interlayer, a heat source is introduced into the tank shell, the heat source can be steam, heat conduction oil or heat conduction water, and the heat source is continuously heated through other heat supply equipment to ensure that the required temperature is kept in the interlayer tank shell. The temperature in the vertical tank body can be adjusted and changed between normal temperature and 180 ℃.
In the embodiment, a material inlet 2 is arranged on one side of the lower part of a vertical tank body 1, a material outlet 3 is arranged on the other side of the lower part of the vertical tank body, the central line of a cutter shaft assembly A is superposed with the central line of the vertical tank body, the upper end of the cutter shaft assembly is driven to rotate by a motor 4, a horizontal splash guard 5 is arranged in the vertical tank body close to the upper end, the splash guard 5 is in an annular ring shape, the outer ring of the splash guard is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the vertical tank body, the inner ring of the splash guard is a through hole 6 which is larger than the diameter of a shaft sleeve and smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of a blade on a cutter group, and the caliber of the splash guard is enlarged as much as possible under the condition of meeting the requirement of splash prevention so as to be beneficial to discharge of evaporated water vapor; the upper part of the vertical tank body is provided with a negative pressure suction port 7, and the negative pressure suction port 7 is connected with a negative pressure pump and a pipeline thereof, so that high-temperature water vapor generated in the tank body can be rapidly discharged, and the drying of sludge is ensured.
The power and the speed of current motor all can reach high-speed (thousands of revolutions per minute) requirement, but the speed that is used for sludge drying equipment is all lower, and its reason is that mud ball can produce the impact damage to stirring vane when as aforementioned high-speed to and mechanical stability can't guarantee, and this application is through the transformation of above-mentioned blade and arbor assembly promptly, makes this application arbor assembly and blade can be at high-speed down operation, thereby improves mummification efficiency greatly under the condition that does not increase the cost of manufacture.
This application is through the optimization to cutter arbor assembly and blade, and the design has the relation of the internal diameter of jar body and blade outer fringe (the edge that the central arbor was kept away from to the blade) linear velocity: the inner diameter of the vertical tank body is D, the linear velocity of the outer edge of the blade is V, when D is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than or equal to 1m, V =2D +5.5m/s, when D is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 2m, V =2.5D +5m/s, when D is more than or equal to 2m and less than or equal to 2.5m, V =4D +2m/s, as shown in the figure, when D =2.5m and V =12 m/s, the drying treatment time of the drying tank only needs 6min-15min at the speed.
Further, in order to better realize the falling of the material (sludge) when the material (sludge) is thrown to the highest position, a baffle plate 8 is arranged on the inner wall of the vertical tank body and above the blade on the uppermost layer of the cutter shaft assembly, namely the baffle plate 8 is positioned below the splash guard 5, the baffle plate 8 comprises an inclined plate 9 and a bottom plate 10 fixedly connected with the end of the inclined plate, a long round through hole 11 fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body is arranged on the bottom plate 10, a screw 12 penetrates into the long round through hole and is screwed into a threaded blind hole in the tank wall, and the baffle plate 8 is fixed on the tank wall.
Further, in order to improve the rigidity of the baffle plate 8, a support rib plate 13 is provided between the inclined plate and the bottom plate.
Furthermore, in order to enable the materials to fall well, an included angle of 0-80 degrees is formed between the inclined plate and the vertical tank in the radial direction, the preferred included angle is 30 degrees, and 3-8 baffle plates 8 can be uniformly distributed on the inner peripheral wall of the vertical tank.
Furthermore, for reasonable design, the inclined plates are rectangular plates convenient to process, and the bottom plate is an arc-shaped plate attached to the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body.
A scraper knife 14 is arranged at the inner bottom of the vertical tank body and positioned at the lower part of the cutter shaft assembly, the scraper knife 14 comprises a ring 15 fixed on the main shaft in a sleeved mode and supporting rods 16 uniformly distributed on the ring, the outer end of the supporting rod is connected with the bottom surface of the high-position end of the spiral line-shaped shovel blade 17, the low-position end of the spiral line-shaped shovel blade 17 is provided with a shovel scraping blade 18 connected with the ring, the connecting portion of the scraping blade 18 and the scraping blade 17 has a horizontally disposed sharp blade 19, the sharp blade is beneficial to shoveling materials at the bottom of the can and is driven by the spiral strip-shaped shoveling blade to be thrown to the blade of the knife tackle A3, the structure of the ring 15 has the same function as the structure of the shaft sleeve A4, and the spiral line-shaped shovel blade 17 passes through the shovel blade 18 and the support rod 16 to increase the connection strength, and the shovel blade 18 also plays a role in shoveling and pushing the materials to the tank wall.
The working method of the vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment comprises a vertical tank body and a cutter shaft assembly arranged in the vertical tank body, wherein the cutter shaft assembly is distributed with discontinuous spiral strip-shaped blades, a cutting edge is arranged at the lower end edge of each blade, and each blade is connected to a main shaft through a connecting rod and a shaft sleeve so as to form the cutter shaft assembly; when the vertical tank body is in work, the cutter shaft assembly rotates at a high speed in the vertical tank body, and the muddy material input into the vertical tank body is continuously thrown by the spiral strip-shaped blade to heat and cut the muddy material attached to the wall; and the material is thrown to a high position and falls down from the space between the inner diameter of the blade and the shaft sleeve of the cutter shaft assembly under the guiding action of the baffle plate. The materials are contacted with the inner surface of the tank body in the process of throwing and attaching the wall, heat energy is transferred to the materials, the materials are heated, and water in the materials is evaporated. The materials circularly move according to the above; according to the above-mentioned cyclic motion material in the internal whole time quantum of vertical jar, the material is from the globular (mud ball) of mud form gradual anhydration formation major diameter of mud form, from the globular small diameter granule of being cut and broken up into again by the blade, gradually anhydrate again after breaking up into the small diameter granule, to major diameter mud ball, moisture is wrapped up in the mud ball and is difficult to distribute, and after being cut by the blade, moisture can volatilize rapidly promptly, realize efficient mummification and granulation, keep away from among the prior art long-time stirring and heating and the mummification that can't realize.
Certainly, if the drying efficiency cannot be realized only through the circulation of blade throwing, cutting, wall attaching and falling, a heat source is introduced into the interlayer of the tank shell of the vertical tank body, and the heat energy is transferred to the thin-layer sludge contacted with the inner wall surface of the tank body through the heat source, so that the drying efficiency is higher. A material inlet is formed in one side of the lower portion of the vertical tank body, a material outlet is formed in the other side of the lower portion of the vertical tank body, the center line of the cutter shaft assembly is overlapped with the center line of the vertical tank body, the upper end of the cutter shaft assembly is driven to rotate by a motor reducer, a horizontal splash guard is arranged in the vertical tank body close to the upper end, the splash guard is in an annular ring shape, the outer ring of the splash guard is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the vertical tank body, and the diameter of the inner ring of the splash guard is larger than the diameter of the shaft sleeve and smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of the blades on the cutter group, so that a through hole for evaporating water vapor is formed; the upper part of the vertical tank body is provided with a negative pressure suction port. Before the operation, firstly, a heat source is introduced into the interlayer of the tank shell for heating, and simultaneously, after materials are input into the tank body from the material inlet, the material inlet and the material outlet are closed, the cutter shaft of the cutter shaft assembly is driven by the motor to rotate at a high speed, the negative pressure suction port performs negative pressure air suction through the suction pump and the pipeline, and the materials are contacted with the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body in the up-and-down circulating motion process, so that the materials are dried. The materials generate a large amount of high-temperature water vapor in the processes of high-speed throwing, wall attaching and cutting, the high-temperature water vapor is emitted through the space between the inner ring of the splash guard and the cutter shaft and is discharged from the negative pressure suction port. And the dust formed in the drying process is blocked under the splash guard by the action of the splash guard, so that the dust and the water vapor are prevented from being sucked out together. Through continuous up-and-down circulating movement, the mud in the tank can be quickly dried to form granular or powdery mud.
When the vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment works, the cutter shaft assembly rotates at a high speed in the vertical tank body, mud-shaped materials input into the vertical tank body are continuously thrown, attached to the wall, cut and fall by the spiral band-shaped blades, and the materials fall from a space between the inner circle of each blade and a shaft sleeve of the cutter shaft assembly under the guiding action of the baffle after being thrown to a high position, so that the materials circularly move; in the whole time period of the circularly moving materials in the vertical tank body, the materials are gradually dried from mud to form a ball shape with a large diameter, and are cut by the blade from the ball shape and are scattered to form small-diameter particles, and then the small-diameter particles are gradually dried, so that the sludge or flocculent sludge drying and granulation are completed in one device, and the drying and granulation efficiency is high. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment is characterized by comprising a vertical tank body and a cutter shaft assembly arranged in the vertical tank body, wherein the cutter shaft assembly is provided with discontinuous spiral belt-shaped blades, the lower end edge of each blade is provided with a cutting edge, and each blade is connected to the cutter shaft assembly through a connecting rod;
the drying device also comprises a central control module, a motor and a current sensor, wherein the motor is connected with the central control module and used for driving the cutter shaft assembly to rotate so as to stir, throw and cut materials to be dried in the tank body, and the current sensor is used for collecting the current of the motor; the vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment judges whether the water content of the material to be dried in the tank body meets the requirement or not through the current of the motor;
the cutter shaft assembly comprises a main shaft which is vertically arranged in the vertical tank body and a plurality of cutter groups which are connected to the main shaft at intervals, each cutter group comprises a shaft sleeve which is detachably connected to the main shaft and blades which are uniformly distributed on the shaft sleeve, and the blades are connected with the shaft sleeve through the connecting rod;
2-10 blades are uniformly distributed on each shaft sleeve, namely 2-10 discontinuous helicoids are formed on the cutter shaft assembly;
the height difference between the high position of the next group of blades and the low position of the previous group of blades of the adjacent groups of blades on the same spiral surface is between-50 mm and +100 mm; the blade is in a spiral shape;
the drying granulation control method comprises the following steps: the motor is adopted to control the rotation of the cutter shaft assembly so as to stir, convey or cut the material to be dried, and whether the water content of the material to be dried meets the requirement or not is determined through the motor current.
2. The vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment according to claim 1, wherein the blade has two sections, namely a front section and a rear section, the front section is provided with a counter bore for connecting and fixing with the free end of the connecting rod, the width of the rear section is less than or equal to that of the front section, the blade is made of structural steel, alloy steel and stainless steel, and the cutting edge part of the blade is formed by additionally welding high-hardness metal or grinding surfacing high-hardness alloy; the length of the blade is 0.2-0.6 times of the inner diameter of the vertical tank body.
3. The vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shell of the vertical tank has an interlayer, a heat source is introduced into the interlayer to heat the interlayer, one side of the lower part of the vertical tank is provided with a material inlet, the other side of the lower part of the vertical tank is provided with a material outlet, the central line of the cutter shaft assembly coincides with the central line of the vertical tank, and the upper end of the cutter shaft assembly is driven by a motor to rotate; a horizontal splash guard is arranged in the vertical tank body close to the upper end, the splash guard is annular, the outer ring of the splash guard is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the vertical tank body, the inner ring of the splash guard is a through hole with the diameter larger than that of the cutter shaft and smaller than that of the inner circle of the blades on the cutter group, and a negative pressure suction port is arranged at the upper part of the vertical tank body;
a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the vertical tank body and above the blade on the uppermost layer of the cutter shaft assembly, the baffle comprises an inclined plate and a bottom plate fixedly connected with the end of the inclined plate, a long round through hole for fixedly connecting with the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body is formed in the bottom plate, and a screw is inserted into the long round through hole and screwed into a threaded blind hole in the tank wall to fix the baffle on the tank wall; a supporting rib plate is arranged between the inclined plate and the bottom plate; the inclined plate and the vertical tank form an included angle of 0-80 degrees in the radial direction; the inclined plate is a rectangular plate, and the bottom plate is an arc-shaped plate attached to the inner wall surface of the vertical tank body.
4. The vertical drying and granulating integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical tank has an inner diameter D, the linear velocity of the outer edge of the blade is V, when D is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than or equal to 1m, V =2D +5.5m/s, when D is greater than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 2m, V =2.5D +5m/s, when D is greater than or equal to 2m and less than or equal to 2.5m, V =4D +2m/s, and the distance between the outer edge of the blade and the inner wall surface of the vertical tank is 1mm-16 mm.
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| JPS6383171A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1988-04-13 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Apparatus for granulating carbon black |
| JPH0760001A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-03-07 | Toshiba Corp | Centrifugal thin film dryer |
| MA33876B1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-02 | Univ Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah | ARCHIMEDE FLUIDIZED BED DRIER |
| CN202885484U (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-17 | 福建清道夫环保科技有限公司 | Vertical multi-layer cyclone knife carrier structure and vertical circulating crushing drying equipment with structure |
| CN103334255B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2015-08-05 | 松下家电研究开发（杭州）有限公司 | A kind of intelligent dehydration controlling method of washing machine |
| CN109654873A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-19 | 上海兰宝传感科技股份有限公司 | Method for controlling water content |
| CN110466057B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2024-04-05 | 北京城建九秋实混凝土有限公司 | Intelligent stirring tank for stirring station |
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