CN111252840A - Ice surface water covering freezing desalination purification process for high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage - Google Patents
Ice surface water covering freezing desalination purification process for high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111252840A CN111252840A CN201911298352.9A CN201911298352A CN111252840A CN 111252840 A CN111252840 A CN 111252840A CN 201911298352 A CN201911298352 A CN 201911298352A CN 111252840 A CN111252840 A CN 111252840A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/22—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by freezing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a freezing desalination purification process for ice surface water covering of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage, mainly relating to the technical field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and mainly comprising the following steps: (1) adding a guiding agent into high-concentration electrolyte or sewage according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.05-0.5 g/t, wherein the guiding agent is silicate; (2) when the ice surface is frozen into a continuous ice surface under natural conditions, covering the ice surface with liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage under the ice surface, and standing and freezing under natural conditions; repeatedly covering water and freezing until the residual liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage below the ice layer is 5-25% of the total amount; the frozen ice layer is the purified water. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the purification of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage is realized by utilizing the northern low-temperature climate and through a reasonable freezing purification process. The process has the advantages of extensive requirements on the water quality of raw water, wide application range, ideal water quality purification effect, low cost and low investment characteristic, and has practical value and popularization significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, in particular to an ice surface water covering freezing desalination purification process for high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage.
Background
The electrolyte solution comprises a high salt water (such as Na)+、K+、Cl－、SO4 2－Heavy metal ion, etc.), brackish water, eutrophic lakes, treated municipal sewage, etc., and is characterized by containing a large amount of inorganic and organic soluble ions, especially circulating water in various industrial parks, brackish water in lakes, sewage discharged to a specified range or electrolyte-containing liquid, and a large amount of salt-containing wastewater discharged in the production of deionized water by using a reverse osmosis technology in industrial production. The treatment of these high concentration electrolyte solutions and sewage has been an important research direction for environmental protection and resource utilization.
With the continuous progress of electrolyte solution and sewage treatment technologies, physical and chemical methods for treating electrolyte solution and sewage are gradually replaced by biological treatment methods. The most prominent of the biological processes are microbial processes. In northern areas, because the climate is mostly in a cold condition, the activity of microorganisms such as enzymes and bacteria is greatly influenced, so that the effect of the microorganisms on treating high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage is poor; the device is in a low-temperature environment for a long time, and the requirements on equipment operation and temperature control are higher, so that higher cost input is required; the long-term difficulty in treating the wastewater causes a large amount of wastewater to be accumulated, so that new environmental pollution is formed, for example, the pH value of the environment is high due to the accumulation of a large amount of salt in plateaus and lakes, and the ecological environment is seriously degraded.
It is known that the freezing process can promote the separation of salt or electrolyte from water, and some regions use the freezing method to desalt the water containing salt and electrolyte, but the purification effect of the freezing and freezing process is only poor, and needs to be matched with other methods, such as: centrifugal method, freeze thawing method, washing method, extrusion method, reverse osmosis method, distillation method and the like, and in order to realize the freezing process, relevant large-scale equipment is required to be prepared, the cost investment is high, and the purification effect is not ideal. If the process and the effect of freezing and water purification can be optimized, the investment of capital, manpower and equipment is reduced, the method has obvious practical value and popularization significance, and can relieve the problem of northern wastewater treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process for high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage, which realizes the purification of the high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage by utilizing the northern low-temperature climate and through a reasonable freezing purification process. The process has the advantages of extensive requirements on the water quality of raw water, wide application range, ideal water quality purification effect, low investment cost and practical value and popularization significance.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a freezing desalination purification process for ice surface water covering of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a guiding agent into high-concentration electrolyte or sewage according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.05-0.5 g/t, wherein the guiding agent is silicate;
(2) when the liquid level of the high-concentration electrolyte or the sewage treated in the step (1) is frozen into a continuous ice layer under natural conditions, pumping the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or the sewage under the ice surface out to cover the ice surface, and standing and freezing under natural conditions;
(3) repeating the step (2) until the residual liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage under the ice layer accounts for 5-25% of the total amount, and discharging the concentrated solution;
(4) and collecting the frozen ice layer melting water, namely the purified water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high-concentration electrolyte solution or sewage can be frozen and iced under the condition by utilizing the natural condition of long-term low temperature in high latitude areas; by utilizing the principle that water and solute are not eutectic, the solution is concentrated and reflows when the water solution is crystallized into ice, and finally returns to the position below the ice surface to form a concentrated solution, so that the aim of concentrating the salinity of high-concentration electrolyte solution or sewage is fulfilled; the ice surface is covered with water through human intervention to avoid the cold insulation of the ice, promote the freezing process, accelerate the salt discharge, improve the purification efficiency and increase the water treatment capacity of the process; meanwhile, by optimizing the process, a guiding agent is added into high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage in the freezing process, so that the separation of impurities is promoted, the purification effect is effectively improved, and purer fresh water ice is obtained; the requirement on the water quality of the purified raw water is wide, and the application range is wide; according to the steps, large-scale machine equipment is not used in the desalination process, and a large amount of manpower investment is not needed, so that the investment of capital, manpower and equipment in the desalination process is less, and the investment cost is low; by the process, any electrolyte liquid and solute in the sewage can be concentrated and separated, the requirement on the water quality of raw water is low, fresh water can be produced in large quantity, the concentration and flocculation effects on particles in the sewage are achieved, and the risk of scaling during treatment of high-salinity water by reverse osmosis and other methods is overcome; the method can also be used for desalting and purifying ponds, brackish water lakes and polluted lakes in fixed areas. The melted ice can be used as fresh water source, and can be made into flowing ice for cooling.
As a further preferred embodiment: the fresh water purification process repeatedly covers water on the ice surface to form ice, and the fresh water ice is separated from the concentrated solution.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through freezing repeatedly of liquid high concentration electrolyte or sewage and icing, constantly separate out the fresh water ice from liquid high concentration electrolyte or sewage, the concentration of concentrated solution constantly rises, and the volume constantly reduces, and the volume of the fresh water ice that separates out constantly increases to desalinate liquid high concentration electrolyte or sewage.
As a further preferred embodiment: in the step (2), 20 g of oxidant such as ozone or hydrogen peroxide is added into the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage extracted from the ice surface according to every 100 g of COD in the water, and then the electrolyte or the sewage is coated on the ice surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, pollutants can be discharged by freezing, organic matters can be degraded by the oxidant, and the oxidant can continue to degrade the organic matters after covering the ice surface and plays a role in sterilization. In the freezing process, oxidants such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide are added to the ice surface covered water, so that a large amount of impurities in the liquid high-concentration saline water or sewage are oxidized, and the treatment efficiency and the purification level of the method are improved.
As a further priority scheme: in the step (2), the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage under the ice surface is extracted from a water layer under the ice surface, soil under the ice surface or a buried pipe pre-buried in a water storage tank.
Through the technical scheme, the liquid high-concentration salt water or sewage extracted from the ice surface is coated on the ice surface, and then is continuously coated on the ice surface to increase the ice amount and obtain more purified water.
As a further priority scheme: in the step (2), the depth of the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage which is extracted from the ice surface and covers the ice surface is 5 cm-30 cm per day.
By adopting the technical scheme, long-term investigation and practice on temperature conditions in the northern part of China at night are combined, and according to different temperature conditions, the depth range of the ice surface which can be frozen every day is 5 cm-30 cm, so that the depth of the ice surface covered every day is preferably 5 cm-30 cm, and the process efficiency is highest.
As a further preferred embodiment: in the step (2), the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage extracted from the ice surface is sprayed or pushed to irrigate the ice surface in an atomizing or spraying mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mode of covering the ice surface is atomized spraying or plug flow irrigation on the ice surface. The water-covering distribution is more uniform, the freezing efficiency is improved, and the freezing of the water body and the salt and sewage discharge are accelerated.
Therefore, the ice surface water covering freezing desalination purification process for high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) by utilizing the natural condition of long-term low temperature in high latitude areas and the principle of water and solute non-eutectic, the guiding agent is added into the high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage through human intervention, the separation and freezing processes of impurities are promoted, and the purification of the high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage is realized.
(2) By combining with super oxidation technologies such as an ozone method and the like, organic matters in high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage can be degraded simultaneously, so that impurities in the sewage are oxidized greatly, and the treatment efficiency and the purification level are improved.
(3) The ice surface is covered with water in a spraying or plug flow irrigation mode, so that the water covering distribution is more uniform, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the freezing and salt discharge of the water body are accelerated.
(4) The method has low requirement on the quality of raw water and has a concentration and flocculation effect on particles in sewage. Can produce fresh water in large quantity, and can also be used for desalting and purifying ponds, brackish water lakes and polluted lakes in fixed areas. The melted ice can be used as fresh water source, and can be made into flowing ice for cooling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art. The following examples were all carried out under natural conditions and at temperatures below 0 ℃.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the ice surface water covering freezing desalination process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage provided by the invention is applied to the treatment of high-salt water in the industrial park of the greater way of the inner Mongolia Oridosi, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the salinity of raw water in the industrial park is 15000mg/L, and 0.1g of sodium silicate guiding agent is added into raw sewage water with the total volume of 1 ton so as to increase the penetrability of electrolyte;
(2) because the temperature at night is lower than 0 ℃, the ground surface starts to radiate, cool and freeze for about 30 days, the liquid surface is frozen into a continuous ice layer, and the electrolyte liquid is transferred from the ice to the mixed liquid under the ice;
(3) pumping the sewage below the ice surface by using a water pump and a preset pipe, uniformly spraying the sewage on the ice surface by using water circulation equipment, and continuously freezing repeatedly at night;
(4) repeating the processes of sewage pumping and freezing in the step (3);
after 3 months, a large amount of frozen ice of substantially fresh water was obtained, the volume of the remaining concentrated high-salt water was 10% of the volume of the raw water, and the salinity of the frozen ice and the salinity of the remaining concentrated high-salt water were measured. 2 ten thousand tons of fresh water are obtained. The concentration of the fresh water can be controlled at 720mg/L, and the standard of irrigation water is met. The concentration of the remaining concentrated high-salt water reached 90000 mg/L.
(5) The electrolyte solution in which the amount of the concentrated brine has been reduced continues the salt crystallization treatment.
Example 2
This example applies the process of freezing and desalinating ice-coated water of high concentration electrolyte solution or sewage in example 1 to the treatment of high salt water in the industrial park of sildenafil, inner Mongolia, where the volume of raw water is 20 ten thousand tons and the salinity is 25000mg/L, and differs from example 1 in that the sodium silicate guiding agent added to the raw water in step (1) has a content of 0.1g/t, a large amount of frozen ice is obtained after 3 months, the volume of the remaining concentrated high salt water is 10 ten thousand tons, and the salinity of the frozen ice can be controlled at 800mg/L by detecting the salinity of the frozen ice, which meets the standard of irrigation water. The concentration of the residual concentrated high-salt water reaches 80000 mg/L.
Example 3
This example is to apply the ice-coating freezing desalination process of high concentration electrolyte solution or sewage in example 1 to the treatment of high salt water in the industrial park of sildenafil, inner Mongolia, with a raw water volume of 10 ten thousand tons and a salinity of 25000mg/L, and is different from example 2 in that the sodium silicate guiding agent is added to the raw water in step (2) in an amount of 0.2g/t, and the wastewater is supplemented with an oxidizing agent such as ozone. After 3 months, a large amount of frozen ice is obtained, the volume of the residual concentrated high-salt water is 2 ten thousand tons, the salinity of the frozen ice can be controlled at 730mg/L by detecting, the COD is reduced from 293mg/L to 51mg/L, and the standards of irrigation water and the municipal sewage discharge standard level 1 are met. The concentration of the remaining concentrated high-salt water reached 82000 mg/L.
Example 4
This example applies the process of freezing and desalinating ice-coated water of high concentration electrolyte solution or sewage in example 1 to the treatment of high salt water of the industrial park of sildenafil, inner Mongolia, with a volume of 10 ten thousand tons of raw water and a salinity of 25000mg/L, which differs from example 2 in that: in the step (2), the content of the sodium silicate guiding agent added into the raw water is 0.5g/t, and meanwhile, oxidants such as ozone and the like are supplemented into the wastewater; in the step (3), after sewage below the ice surface is pumped out by using a water pump and a preset pipe, 3ml/m of sewage is pumped out to high-concentration electrolyte liquid3Adding ozone, reacting for 0.5h, placing on ice surface, and continuously freezing repeatedly at night; the process of extraction of the high concentration electrolyte solution, ozone reaction and freezing is repeated.
After 3 months, a large amount of frozen ice is obtained, the volume of the residual concentrated high-salt water is 2 ten thousand tons, the salinity of the frozen ice can be controlled at 830mg/L by detection, COD is reduced from 297 to 47mg/L, and the standards of irrigation water and the discharge standard of municipal sewage are met at level 1. The concentration of the residual concentrated high-salt water reaches 81000 mg/L.
Example 5
This example applies the ice surface water covering freezing desalination process of municipal sewage in example 4 to the advanced treatment of the waste water of a great-call city. The volume of the sewage is 2 ten thousand tons, the salinity is 420mg/L, and the COD is 97 mg/L. The difference from example 1 is that: the raw water is urban sewage; the content of the sodium silicate guiding agent added into the raw water in the step (2) is basically the same as that of oxidants such as supplemental ozone and the like, except that a preset underground pipe is used for pumping and discharging concentrated water, a water pump is used for pumping and separating concentrated sewage below an ice surface, then the concentrated sewage is placed on the ice surface, the guiding agent and the oxidants are supplemented, and the mixture is continuously kept standing and frozen; and repeating the processes of concentrated sewage pumping, ozone reaction and freezing.
After 3 months, a large amount of frozen ice is obtained, the volume of concentrated sewage is pumped out to be 0.1 ten thousand tons, the salinity of the frozen ice can be controlled to be 130mg/L, COD is reduced to 27mg/L from the original 97mg/L, the fishery water standard is met, and the concentrated water removal treatment is carried out on the residual concentrated water.
Table 1 shows the results of the freezing desalination test of the high concentration electrolyte solution or wastewater in examples 1 to 5:
from the test results of table 1, the following conclusions can be drawn:
the method can not only reduce the desalination of high salt water and the desalination of brackish water, but also can be used for deep purification of urban water. The COD standards of water production and early production in the water quality standard of farmland irrigation water are respectively less than or equal to 150mg/L and 200mg/L, and the brackish water and high-salt water treated by the method can meet the standards of farmland irrigation water and the requirements of reuse water such as fishery water and the like, thereby realizing the recycling of poor water.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ice surface water covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a guiding agent into high-concentration electrolyte or sewage according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.05-0.5 g/t, wherein the guiding agent is silicate;
(2) when the liquid level of the high-concentration electrolyte or the sewage treated in the step (1) is frozen into a continuous ice layer under natural conditions, pumping the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or the sewage under the ice surface out to cover the ice surface, and standing and freezing under natural conditions;
(3) repeating the step (2) until the residual liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage under the ice layer accounts for 5-25% of the total amount, and discharging the concentrated solution;
(4) and collecting the frozen ice layer melting water, namely the purified water.
2. The ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fresh water purification process repeatedly covers water on the ice surface to form ice, and the fresh water ice is separated from the concentrated solution.
3. The ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), 20 g of oxidant such as ozone or hydrogen peroxide is added into the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage extracted from the ice surface according to every 100 g of COD in the water, and then the electrolyte or the sewage is coated on the ice surface.
4. The ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage under the ice surface is extracted from a water layer under the ice surface, soil under the ice surface or a buried pipe pre-buried in a water storage tank.
5. The ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the depth of the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage which is extracted from the ice surface and covers the ice surface is 5 cm-30 cm per day.
6. The ice-surface water-covering freezing desalination purification process of high-concentration electrolyte liquid or sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the liquid high-concentration electrolyte or sewage extracted from the ice surface is sprayed or pushed to irrigate the ice surface in an atomizing or spraying mode.
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