CN1112503C - Ultrasonic water draining method for recovering gas - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及利用超声波排水采气的方法，该方法特别适合低压深井小底水天然气井的后期开采。The invention relates to a gas recovery method using ultrasonic drainage, and the method is particularly suitable for post-production of low pressure deep wells and small bottom water natural gas wells.
天然气是从油气田开采出的可燃气体，在世界能源结构中占有重要地位，但随着一些天然气气藏进入后期开采阶段，气藏产量全面递减，一个突出的问题是深气井(井深4000～4500米)普遍产出少量地层水(底水量1～2米3/天，10～20米3/月)，虽然水量不大，但对天然气生产有较大的影响，主要表现为水浸入气井后，油管带水不力，水积于井筒并堵塞周围的产气微细裂缝。为提高产气量，已推广使用了较为成熟的各种排水采气工艺技术手段，如常规气举排水采气工艺、半封闭气举排水采气工艺、机抽排水采气工艺、电潜泵排水采气工艺、水力射流泵排水采气工艺、柱塞气举排水采气工艺、优选管柱排水采气工艺、泡沫排水采气工艺等。但由于上述几种排水采气工艺技术的日排液量相对较大，对低压深井小底水这种特殊气井具有一定的使用局限性，同时目前有的排水采气工艺还对气藏有污染、对采气设备有化学腐蚀作用，从而导致使用效果不理想。因此急需探索和研究新的排水采气机理和技术，并在该理论指导下研究排水采气工艺技术设备。Natural gas is a combustible gas extracted from oil and gas fields, and occupies an important position in the world's energy structure. However, as some natural gas reservoirs enter the later stage of exploitation, the production of gas reservoirs declines in an all-round way. A prominent problem is deep gas wells (with a depth of 4000-4500 meters ) generally produces a small amount of formation water (bottom water volume 1-2 m3 /day, 10-20 m3 /month), although the water volume is not large, it has a great impact on natural gas production. The tubing is not effective in carrying water, and the water accumulates in the wellbore and blocks the surrounding gas-producing micro-fractures. In order to increase gas production, various mature drainage gas recovery techniques have been popularized and used, such as conventional gas lift drainage gas recovery technology, semi-closed gas lift drainage gas recovery technology, mechanical pumping drainage gas recovery technology, electric submersible pump drainage Gas recovery process, hydraulic jet pump drainage and gas recovery process, plunger gas lift drainage and gas recovery process, optimal column drainage and gas recovery process, foam drainage and gas recovery process, etc. However, due to the relatively large daily liquid discharge of the above-mentioned several drainage gas recovery technologies, there are certain limitations in the use of special gas wells such as low-pressure deep wells with small bottom water. At the same time, some current drainage gas recovery technologies also pollute gas reservoirs , It has a chemical corrosion effect on gas extraction equipment, which leads to unsatisfactory use results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore and study new mechanisms and technologies for drainage and gas recovery, and to study technical equipment for drainage and gas recovery under the guidance of this theory.
目前超声波技术应用于油气开采领域时主要集中在油井的解堵、稠油降粘、清蜡、除垢等方面，国内外尚无应用于天然气井排水采气的报道。At present, when ultrasonic technology is applied in the field of oil and gas production, it mainly focuses on the plugging removal of oil wells, the viscosity reduction of heavy oil, wax removal, and scale removal.
本发明的目的就在于提供一种利用超声波排水采气的方法，它可以克服目前排水采气工艺的不足，对气藏无污染、对采气设备无化学腐蚀；并能显著提高采气量，延长气井的采气周期。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of utilizing ultrasonic water drainage and gas recovery, which can overcome the deficiencies of the current drainage gas recovery technology, has no pollution to gas reservoirs, and has no chemical corrosion to gas recovery equipment; and can significantly increase gas recovery and prolong Gas production cycle of the gas well.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
当超声波在媒质中传播时，由于声波和媒质之间的相互作用，使媒质发生一系列物理和化学的变化，也随即出现一系列力学、光学、电、化学等超声效应。在液体中进行的超声处理技术，大多数都与空化作用有关。当液体中有强度超过该液体的空化阀的超声传播时，液体内会产生大量的气泡，小气泡将随着超声振动而逐渐生长和增大，然后又突然破灭和分裂，分裂后的气泡又连续生长和破灭，这种现象称之为空化。当空化作用发生时，液体中的小气泡急速崩溃时在气泡内产生了高温高压，并且由于气泡周围的液体高速冲入气泡而在气泡附近的液体中产生了强烈的局部激波，形成了局部的高温高压，从而产生了超声的清洗、粉碎、乳化、分散、促进化学反应等一系列作用，同时还伴有强烈的空化噪声和声致发光。When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium, due to the interaction between the sound wave and the medium, a series of physical and chemical changes occur in the medium, and a series of mechanical, optical, electrical, chemical and other ultrasonic effects appear immediately. Most sonication techniques performed in liquids are related to cavitation. When there is ultrasonic transmission in the liquid whose intensity exceeds the cavitation valve of the liquid, a large number of bubbles will be generated in the liquid, and the small bubbles will gradually grow and increase with the ultrasonic vibration, and then suddenly burst and split. And continuous growth and collapse, this phenomenon is called cavitation. When cavitation occurs, when the small bubbles in the liquid collapse rapidly, high temperature and high pressure are generated in the bubbles, and because the liquid around the bubbles rushes into the bubbles at high speed, a strong local shock wave is generated in the liquid near the bubbles, forming a local shock wave. High temperature and high pressure, resulting in a series of effects such as ultrasonic cleaning, crushing, emulsification, dispersion, and promotion of chemical reactions, accompanied by strong cavitation noise and sonoluminescence.
利用超声技术排水采气，即利用超声方法解决天然气深井小底水对产气层的堵塞问题。由于超声对地层水的作用，可以改变或加速改变地层水的一些物理、化学、生物特性或状态，使用适当的换能器可产生大功率的超声波，而通过聚焦、增幅杆等方法，还可获得高声强的超声，加上地层水中的空化现象，促使地层积水在井底高效率地气化(雾化粒径在1～5微米)并随着生产气流排至地面，从而提高油管带水能力，达到降低和排除井筒中的积水、开放产气微细裂缝、增加采气量的目的。The use of ultrasonic technology for drainage and gas recovery means that the ultrasonic method is used to solve the problem of blockage of gas-producing layers by small bottom water in deep natural gas wells. Due to the effect of ultrasound on formation water, some physical, chemical, and biological characteristics or states of formation water can be changed or accelerated. Using appropriate transducers can generate high-power ultrasound, and through methods such as focusing and amplifiers, it can also Ultrasound with high sound intensity, coupled with the cavitation phenomenon in formation water, promotes efficient gasification of formation water at the bottom of the well (atomized particle size is 1-5 microns) and discharges to the ground along with the production airflow, thereby improving The water-carrying capacity of the tubing can reduce and remove the accumulated water in the wellbore, open the gas-producing micro-fractures, and increase the gas production.
该方法包括以下几个步骤：(1)将超声波换能器通过套管或油管下放至产气地层附近的井下积液中；(2)换能器中的探测器检测出各种井下参数并通过传输电缆传递给地面测控系统，该系统控制操作过程；(3)地面的动力电源供应电力给超声波发生器；(4)超声波发生器产生频率和强度可调节的连续或脉冲式电功率信号；(5)传输电缆将电功率信号传至位于产气地层附近井下积液中的超声波换能器；(6)换能器中的换能器件将电能转化成超声能发射，并使井底中的积液大量雾化；(7)雾化后的积液随着天然气流排出地面。The method comprises the following steps: (1) the ultrasonic transducer is lowered into the downhole fluid near the gas-producing formation through casing or tubing; (2) the detector in the transducer detects various downhole parameters and It is transmitted to the ground measurement and control system through the transmission cable, and the system controls the operation process; (3) the power supply on the ground supplies power to the ultrasonic generator; (4) the ultrasonic generator generates continuous or pulsed electric power signals with adjustable frequency and intensity; ( 5) The transmission cable transmits the electric power signal to the ultrasonic transducer located in the downhole liquid near the gas-producing formation; A large amount of liquid is atomized; (7) The liquid accumulation after atomization is discharged to the ground along with the natural gas flow.
换能器中的换能器件将电能转化为超声能，换能器中的井下参数探测器是由各式传感器(如电阻式、热电式、压电式等)组成的传感器组，分别检测井下多种参数，如温度、压力、液位等，当传感器组检测出的井下各种参数经同轴电缆传至地面测控系统时，该系统可根据检测结果对换能器及整套工作设备进行相应调整，以达到高效节能的目的。The transducer device in the transducer converts electrical energy into ultrasonic energy. The downhole parameter detector in the transducer is a sensor group composed of various sensors (such as resistive, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, etc.), which detect the downhole parameters respectively. A variety of parameters, such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc. When the various parameters detected by the sensor group are transmitted to the ground measurement and control system through the coaxial cable, the system can make corresponding adjustments to the transducer and the entire set of working equipment according to the detection results. Adjust to achieve the purpose of high efficiency and energy saving.
为了更好地通过油管或套管，沿油管或套管中的通孔放置在产气层附近，超声波换能器最好设计、制造为长圆柱形，其内部的换能器件的位置分布和指向根据需要也可以有不同的设计，以保证其超声波射流方向分别沿采气井井筒的轴向、径向或与径向成确定的夹角等，使井底积液达到较好的雾化效果。In order to better pass through the oil pipe or casing, and place it near the gas-producing layer along the through hole in the oil pipe or casing, the ultrasonic transducer is preferably designed and manufactured as a long cylinder, and the position distribution of the transducer elements inside it and The direction can also be designed differently according to the needs, so as to ensure that the direction of the ultrasonic jet flow is along the axial direction, radial direction or a certain angle with the radial direction of the wellbore of the gas production well, so that the bottom hole liquid can achieve a better atomization effect .
该方法的地面测控系统还可设计成智能测控系统，以达到排水采气工艺技术的自动化，并使采气过程实现更高的效率。The ground measurement and control system of this method can also be designed as an intelligent measurement and control system, so as to achieve the automation of drainage and gas recovery technology, and to achieve higher efficiency in the gas recovery process.
本发明适用于天然气井的井底积液的排除，特别是深井小底水天然气井的排水采气工艺，也可用于其他类型的天然气井的排水采气工艺。The invention is applicable to the removal of bottom-hole fluid accumulation of natural gas wells, especially the drainage and gas recovery technology of deep wells with small bottom water natural gas wells, and can also be used for the drainage gas recovery technology of other types of natural gas wells.
和现有技术相比，本发明可很好地解决深井小底水造成的气井减产和停产问题，具有显著的经济效益，具体表现在以下几点：(1)对储层无任何污染，对采气设备没有化学腐蚀；(2)可同时完成对地层积水雾化和油—水乳化促进井底排液，并对井底和气藏有超声清洗和解堵作用；(3)仅需地面供应电力，施工方法简单，适应性强；(4)电—声—机能量转换效率高，节约能源和降低采气成本；(5)可提高单井产能并有效延长气井采气周期。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can well solve the problem of gas well production reduction and production shutdown caused by small bottom water in deep wells, and has significant economic benefits, which are embodied in the following points: (1) no pollution to the reservoir, no pollution to the reservoir Gas production equipment has no chemical corrosion; (2) It can simultaneously complete formation water atomization and oil-water emulsification to promote bottom-hole drainage, and has ultrasonic cleaning and plugging effects on bottom-hole and gas reservoirs; (3) Only ground supply is required Electric power, simple construction method and strong adaptability; (4) High efficiency of electric-acoustic-mechanical energy conversion, saving energy and reducing gas production costs; (5) It can increase the productivity of a single well and effectively extend the gas production cycle of gas wells.
图1是本发明利用超声波排水采气的方法示意图Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of utilizing ultrasonic drainage and gas recovery in the present invention
图2是本发明利用超声波排水采气的方法中换能器结构示意图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transducer in the method of utilizing ultrasonic drainage and gas recovery in the present invention
图3是本发明利用超声波排水采气的方法中换能器横向剖视图Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the transducer in the method of utilizing ultrasonic drainage and gas recovery in the present invention
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明。Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
参看图1，一种利用超声波排水采气的方法，操纵控制电缆绞车3和滑轮机构4，可将超声波换能器8通过井口装置5从油管6中下放到产气地层10附近的井下积液11中，或将超声波换能器8与油管6联接后，沿套管12下放到产气地层10附近的井下积液11中。动力电源1提供电力给大功率超声波发生器2，超声波发生器2产生频率和强度可调节的连续或脉冲式电功率信号，传输电缆7将电功率信号传至位于产气地层10附近井下积液11中的超声波换能器8，换能器8将电能高效地转化成超声能发射，并使井底9中的积液11大量雾化，雾化后的积液随着天然气流排出地面。传输电缆7通过电缆绞车3及滑轮装置4将位于地面的超声波发生器2和位于产气地层10附近井下积液11中的换能器8连接起来，同轴传输电缆7还起着传递电功率信号和提升井下超声波换能器8的作用。地面的测控系统13可根据井下超声波换能器8的检测结果自动判别液位等井下参数的变化情况，并对换能器的工作状态进行调整，达到节能高效的目的。Referring to Fig. 1, a method of utilizing ultrasonic drainage for gas recovery, manipulating and controlling the cable winch 3 and the pulley mechanism 4, the
参看图2，井下超声波换能器8中有数个超声换能器件14、井下参数探测器15，换能器件14将电能高效地转化成超声能发射，探测器15是由各式传感器(如电阻式、热电式、压电式等)组成的传感器组，分别检测井下多种参数，如温度、压力、液位等，当探测器15检测出的井下各种参数经同轴电缆7传至地面测控系统13时，该测控系统13可根据检测结果对换能器8及整套工作设备进行相应调整。Referring to Fig. 2, several
参看图3，该超声波换能器8为长圆柱形，主要是为了便于通过油管6或套管12，并沿油管6或套管12的通孔放置在产气地层10附近。换能器8内部的换能器件14的位置分布和指向根据需要进行不同的设计，使其超声波射流方向分别沿采气井井筒的轴向、径向或与径向成确定的夹角等，以保证好的雾化效果。Referring to FIG. 3 , the
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2000
- 2000-12-26 CN CN 00120633 patent/CN1112503C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1321257C (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2007-06-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method and apparatus for producing thick oil based on sound, light and electricity combination function |
| US9587470B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Acoustic artificial lift system for gas production well deliquification |
| US9664016B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Acoustic artificial lift system for gas production well deliquification |
| CN109695437A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-30 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of gas well ultrasound suspending liquid discharging gas producing system and implementation method |
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