CN111250053A - Preparation method of water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions - Google Patents
Preparation method of water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions Download PDFInfo
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- CN111250053A CN111250053A CN202010066646.5A CN202010066646A CN111250053A CN 111250053 A CN111250053 A CN 111250053A CN 202010066646 A CN202010066646 A CN 202010066646A CN 111250053 A CN111250053 A CN 111250053A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/048—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing phosphorus, e.g. phosphates, apatites, hydroxyapatites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions, which is prepared by treating animal bones and modifying the animal bones by using cellulose. Uniformly mixing microcrystalline cellulose and bone charcoal materials, adding tap water or deionized water, heating to 70-90 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 2-5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for more than 12 hours, filtering and retaining a filter cake material; and (3) washing the filter cake material by using an acidic buffer solution and tap water or deionized water, placing the filter cake material in an oven, and drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for more than 12 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent. The heavy metal ion water treatment agent prepared by the invention has a good removal effect on sewage containing heavy metal ions, and the materials used by the water treatment agent are kitchen garbage animal bones for waste recycling, so that the pollution of raw materials to the environment is reduced, the cost is low, and the water treatment agent has a good application value in the field of treating industrial heavy metal sewage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water treatment, in particular to a water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions in water and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the discharge of industrial sewage, the problem of heavy metal pollution (including lead, cadmium, copper, nickel and the like) of water bodies is increasingly serious. Heavy metal pollution is different from organic matter pollution, and has the characteristics of stability, difficult degradation, enrichment in organisms through a food chain and even conversion into metal organic matters with higher toxicity, once untreated industrial water is discharged into nature, serious pollution to a water environment can be caused, and the survival of aquatic organisms and the health of human beings can be greatly threatened.
The treatment technology of heavy metal ions mainly adopts a physical chemical method, a chemical method and a biological method, and comprises an ion exchange method, a membrane separation method, an extraction method, an electrolysis method, a biological adsorption method and the like, and the treatment technologies have the advantages of high cost, low removal efficiency and easy occurrence of secondary pollution. The adsorption material prepared by treating and modifying animal bones can fix heavy metal ions, has better adsorption efficiency, can be recycled and has no secondary pollution. Therefore, the adsorption method has better application prospect for heavy metal treatment.
The hydroxyapatite is used as an adsorption material, widely exists in animal bones, not only has higher adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity, but also has no toxicity and good biocompatibility. Because the surface of the metal ion exchange membrane has metal cations and hydroxyl groups, the metal ion exchange membrane has good exchange and complexation effects on heavy metal cations and organic macromolecules. By compounding organic macromolecules with the same adsorption effect, the metal ion adsorption capacity can be remarkably improved, and the method has active research in the fields of wastewater treatment, soil remediation and the like and shows good application prospects.
Cellulose is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of glucose and widely exists in plants. It is composed of a large amount of hydroxyl groups, and has a good removal effect on heavy metal ion adsorption. The heavy metal ions are immobilized in the cellulose macromolecules by complexing the metal ions with hydroxyl groups to form metal ion complexes. A large number of studies show that the efficiency of removing heavy metal ions by using modified cellulose is high. Therefore, the absorption efficiency of the cellulose and the treated animal bone can be obviously improved by compounding the cellulose and the treated animal bone.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a more efficient and more environment-friendly water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions in water and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method is used for preparing the water treatment adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions in water by treating animal bones and performing surface modification by using microcrystalline cellulose, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, immersing animal bones in an alkaline aqueous solution, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 0.5-2 hours, cooling and filtering to obtain treated animal bones, crushing the treated animal bones by a crusher, and sieving the crushed animal bones by a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain a bone powder material;
step 2, placing the bone powder material in a muffle furnace, heating to 500-800 ℃, keeping for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature;
step 3, cleaning the bone powder material subjected to high-temperature treatment for 2-5 times by using tap water or deionized water, and drying for more than 12 hours in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain an animal bone charcoal material;
step 4, uniformly mixing the microcrystalline cellulose and the bone charcoal material, adding tap water or deionized water, heating to 70-90 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 2-5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for more than 12 hours, filtering and retaining a filter cake material;
and 5, washing the filter cake material by using an acidic buffer solution and tap water or deionized water, placing the filter cake material in an oven, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for more than 12 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and when the material is calcined in a muffle furnace, the required gas atmosphere is nitrogen, and the heating rate and the cooling rate are both 10-40 ℃/min.
In the step 4, the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the bone charcoal material is as follows: 1 part of cellulose, 1-5 parts of bone charcoal and 10-50 parts of deionized water or tap water.
In step 5, the pH value range of the acidic buffer solution is between 2 and 6;
and 5, washing by using tap water or deionized water, wherein the pH value of the washing liquid is not more than 8 after the washing reaches the end point.
In step 1, the pH of the aqueous alkaline solution is not less than 12.
Has the advantages that: in conclusion, the method for preparing the water treatment agent for removing the heavy metal ions in the water by adopting the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of low raw material price, environmental protection, simple operation process, safety and no pollution, the prepared water treatment agent has comprehensive treatment effect when being used for adsorbing the heavy metal ions in the water body, physical adsorption and chemical adsorption are combined, and the heavy metal ions in the wastewater are more comprehensively and thoroughly removed by ion exchange, complexation and physical adsorption, so that the water treatment requirement is met.
Detailed Description
The process according to the invention is better illustrated by the following examples, without the invention being restricted thereby.
Example 1
Taking waste pig bones in kitchen waste, immersing the waste pig bones in 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating the waste pig bones to boil, keeping the waste pig bones to boil for 0.5 hour, filtering the waste pig bones after the boiling for later use;
pulverizing the treated bone with a pulverizer, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve for later use;
putting the powder into a muffle furnace, heating and pyrolyzing the powder in the nitrogen atmosphere to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, cooling the powder to room temperature, keeping the heating and cooling rate at 20 ℃/minute, and taking the powder out for later use;
washing the pyrolyzed powder with deionized water for 3 times, placing the powder in an oven to dry for 24 hours at 90 ℃, and taking out the powder to obtain bone charcoal for later use;
weighing 1 part of microcrystalline cellulose and 5 parts of bone charcoal according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing, adding 20 parts of deionized water, heating to 80 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain required powder precipitate;
washing with citric acid buffer solution and deionized water, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent.
Example 2:
taking waste ox bones in kitchen waste, immersing the ox bones in 0.01 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (pH value is 12), heating the ox bones to boil, keeping the ox bones boiled for 2 hours, filtering the ox bones after the ox bones are boiled, and taking the ox bones out for later use;
pulverizing the treated bone with a pulverizer, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve for later use;
putting the powder into a muffle furnace, heating and pyrolyzing the powder in the nitrogen atmosphere to reach 800 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, cooling the powder to room temperature, keeping the heating and cooling rate at 40 ℃/minute, and taking the powder out for later use;
washing the pyrolyzed powder with deionized water for 2 times, placing the powder in an oven to dry for 24 hours at 60 ℃, and taking out the powder to obtain bone charcoal for later use;
weighing 1 part of microcrystalline cellulose and 5 parts of bone charcoal according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing, adding 50 parts of deionized water, heating to 70 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain required powder precipitate;
washing with citric acid buffer solution and deionized water, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent.
Example 3:
taking waste pig bones in kitchen waste, immersing the waste pig bones in 0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating the waste pig bones to boil, keeping the waste pig bones boiled for 1.5 hours, filtering the waste pig bones after the boiling, and taking out the waste pig bones for later use;
pulverizing the treated bone with a pulverizer, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
putting the powder into a muffle furnace, heating and pyrolyzing the powder in the nitrogen atmosphere to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling the powder to room temperature, keeping the heating and cooling rate at 10 ℃/min, and taking the powder out for later use;
washing the pyrolyzed powder with deionized water for 5 times, placing the powder in an oven to dry for 12 hours at 80 ℃, and taking out the powder to obtain bone charcoal for later use;
weighing 1 part of microcrystalline cellulose and 2 parts of bone charcoal according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing, adding 25 parts of deionized water, heating to 80 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for 24 hours, and filtering to obtain required powder precipitate;
washing with citric acid buffer solution and deionized water, and drying in an oven at 120 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent.
Experimental example 1
100mL of a contaminated water sample containing 500ppm of lead ions was added with 500mg of the water treatment agent prepared by the preparation method of example 1, and after stirring for 1.5 hours at 20 ℃ and pH 7, the adsorption was balanced, the lead ion concentration of the treated water sample was reduced from 500ppm to 31.3ppm, the removal rate was 93.7%, and the adsorption capacity was 93.74 mg/g.
Experimental example 2
100mL of a polluted water sample containing 500ppm of cadmium ions is taken, 500mg of the water treatment agent prepared by the preparation method in the embodiment 2 is added, the adsorption is balanced after the polluted water sample is stirred for 2 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ and under the condition that the pH value is 7, the cadmium ion concentration of the treated water sample is reduced from 500ppm to 42.5ppm, the removal rate reaches 91.5%, and the adsorption capacity is 91.5 mg/g.
Experimental example 3
100ml of an industrial wastewater sample of a certain sewage treatment plant is taken, after the detection of 138ppm of copper ion concentration, 235ppm of lead ion concentration, 86ppm of cadmium ion concentration and 6.2 pH of the water sample, 500mg of the water treatment agent prepared by the preparation method in the embodiment 3 is added, the adsorption is balanced after stirring for 1.5 hours at 20 ℃, the copper ion concentration of the treated water sample is reduced from 138ppm to 2.4ppm, the lead ion concentration is reduced from 235ppm to 0.8ppm, the lead ion concentration is reduced from 86ppm to 1.7ppm, the removal rate of copper ions reaches 98.3%, the removal rate of lead ions reaches 99.7% and the removal rate of cadmium ions reaches 98.0%.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions is characterized in that after animal bones are treated by the method, microcrystalline cellulose is utilized for surface modification to prepare a water treatment adsorbent for removing the heavy metal ions in water, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, immersing animal bones in an alkaline aqueous solution, heating to boil, keeping boiling for 0.5-2 hours, cooling and filtering to obtain treated animal bones, crushing the treated animal bones by a crusher, and sieving the crushed animal bones by a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain a bone powder material;
step 2, placing the bone powder material in a muffle furnace, heating to 500-800 ℃, keeping for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature;
step 3, cleaning the bone powder material subjected to high-temperature treatment for 2-5 times by using tap water or deionized water, and drying for more than 12 hours in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain an animal bone charcoal material;
step 4, uniformly mixing the microcrystalline cellulose and the bone charcoal material, adding tap water or deionized water, heating to 70-90 ℃ under continuous stirring, keeping for 2-5 hours, cooling to room temperature, aging for more than 12 hours, and filtering to retain the filter cake material;
and 5, washing the filter cake material by using an acidic buffer solution and tap water or deionized water, placing the filter cake material in an oven, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for more than 12 hours to obtain the heavy metal ion water treatment agent.
2. The preparation method of the water treatment agent for removing the heavy metal ions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a required gas atmosphere is nitrogen gas when the water is calcined in a muffle furnace, and the heating rate and the cooling rate are both 10-40 ℃/min.
3. The preparation method of the water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the mass ratio of the microcrystalline cellulose to the bone char material is as follows: 1 part of cellulose, 1-5 parts of bone charcoal and 10-50 parts of deionized water or tap water.
4. The method for preparing a water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the pH value of the acidic buffer is in the range of 2 to 6.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the washing is performed with tap water or deionized water, and after the washing reaches an end point, the pH of the washing solution is not greater than 8.
6. The method for producing a water treatment agent for removing heavy metal ions according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the pH of the aqueous alkaline solution is not less than 12.
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