CN111248896A - Electrocardiosignal acquisition system and method - Google Patents
Electrocardiosignal acquisition system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrocardiosignal acquisition system, which comprises an ECG signal acquisition module, a signal processing module and a signal processing module, wherein the ECG signal acquisition module is configured to be used for acquiring an ECG signal of a target object; the sampling point extraction module is used for extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals and sending the ECG signal sampling point data to the sampling queue module; and the sampling queue module is configured on the upper computer and is configured to store the extracted ECG signal sampling point data into an ECG signal sampling queue, if the ECG signal sampling queue is full, the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue is sent to the ECG signal characteristic detection module and the ECG signal sampling queue is emptied, and if not, the next acquisition is continued. The present invention can provide input for detecting features of an ECG signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical computer assistance, in particular to an electrocardiosignal acquisition system and method.
Background
Electrocardiosignals (ECG signals) are one of the first biological signals studied and applied in medical clinics by humans, which are easier to detect than other biological signals and have more intuitive regularity. Ecg (electrocardiograph) signals can be used for examining various arrhythmia, ventricular atrial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and the like, and play a very important role in detecting heart diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrocardiosignal acquisition system and method, which are used for acquiring ECG signals and can provide input for detecting the characteristics of the ECG signals. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an electrocardiographic signal acquisition system comprising:
an ECG signal acquisition module configured for acquiring an ECG signal of a target subject;
the sampling point extraction module is used for extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals and sending the ECG signal sampling point data to the sampling queue module;
and the sampling queue module is configured on the upper computer and is configured to store the extracted ECG signal sampling point data into an ECG signal sampling queue, if the ECG signal sampling queue is full, the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue is sent to the ECG signal characteristic detection module and the ECG signal sampling queue is emptied, and if not, the next acquisition is continued.
Further, the ECG signal acquisition module comprises a lead wire, an ECG signal acquisition chip and an FPGA chip;
the lead wire is used for being connected to a human body to sense an ECG signal;
the ECG signal acquisition chip is used for sampling an ECG signal sensed by the lead wire, carrying out amplification and analog-to-digital conversion and outputting an ECG digital signal;
the FPGA chip is used for processing the ECG digital signals output by the ECG signal acquisition chip so as to improve the signal quality of the ECG digital signals.
Still further, a specific method for improving the signal quality of the ECG digital signal comprises performing at least baseline shift processing, gain control and interference reduction processing on the ECG digital signal output by the ECG signal acquisition chip.
Further, the sampling point extraction module is configured to upload ECG sampling point data acquired between two frames of ultrasonic images every time one frame of ultrasonic image is uploaded.
Further, the length of the ECG signal sample queue depends on the ECG signal sample rate, the number of cardiac cycles, and the minimum heart rate;
the ECG signal sampling rate is the number of ECG sampling points which are uploaded to an upper computer by a sampling point extraction module every second;
the number of cardiac cycles is at least greater than 1 cycle;
the minimum heart rate is the minimum heart rate supported by the system.
Still further, the minimum heart rate is 40 beats/minute.
Furthermore, the number of the cardiac cycles is 3-6 cardiac cycles.
Still further, the interference reduction process includes at least a band-pass filtering process and an averaging filtering process.
The invention provides an electrocardiosignal acquisition method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring an ECG signal of a target object through a lead wire;
extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals;
storing the extracted ECG signal sample point data in an ECG signal sample queue;
and if the ECG signal sampling point data stored in the ECG signal sampling queue is full, sending the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue, and emptying the ECG signal sampling queue, otherwise, continuing to collect the data next time.
Further, the length of the ECG signal sample queue depends on the ECG signal sample rate, the number of cardiac cycles, and the minimum heart rate;
wherein the number of cardiac cycles is at least greater than 1 cycle; the minimum heart rate is the minimum heart rate supported by the system.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention can accurately obtain the electrocardiosignal, improves the reliability of the detection of the characteristics of the electrocardiosignal and plays an important role in detecting heart diseases.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection experiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a second detection experiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a floating signal of the ECG lead wire of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an electrocardiographic signal acquisition system, which includes: the ECG monitoring system comprises an ECG signal acquisition module, a sampling point extraction module and a sampling queue module;
an ECG signal acquisition module configured for acquiring an ECG signal of a target subject;
the ECG signal acquisition module generally comprises an ECG lead wire, an ECG signal acquisition chip, an FPGA chip and the like; the three ECG lead wires are connected to a human body to sense ECG signals, and the ECG signal acquisition chip is used for sampling the ECG signals sensed by the lead wires, carrying out amplification and analog-to-digital conversion and outputting ECG digital signals; the FPGA chip is used for processing the ECG digital signals output by the ECG signal acquisition chip so as to improve the signal quality of the ECG digital signals, for example, the signal quality is improved through baseline drift processing, gain control and interference reduction processing; the interference reduction process includes at least a band-pass filtering process and an averaging filtering process
The sampling point extraction module is used for extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals and sending the ECG signal sampling point data to the sampling queue module; the collected ECG signals are transmitted to an upper computer along with the ultrasonic images through an upper computer interface; the sampling point extraction module is configured to upload ECG sampling point data acquired between two frames of ultrasonic images every time one frame of ultrasonic image is uploaded.
The number of sampling points (i.e., the number of sampling point data) of the ECG signal sampling queue must reach a certain number; a sampling queue module is arranged on the upper computer and used for caching an ECG signal sampling queue; and storing the extracted ECG signal sampling point data into an ECG signal sampling queue, if the ECG signal sampling queue is full, sending the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue to an ECG signal characteristic detection module and emptying the ECG signal sampling queue, and otherwise, continuing to acquire the data for the next time.
The length of the ECG signal sample queue depends on the ECG signal sample rate, the number of cardiac cycles, and the minimum heart rate; the sampling rate of the ECG signals is the number of ECG sampling points which are uploaded to an upper computer by a sampling point extraction module every second; for the number of cardiac cycles, at least more than 1 cycle is required; generally adopting electrocardiosignals of 3-6 cardiac cycles; it is necessary to determine the minimum heart rate supported by a system design, which is 40 beats/min for most cases; by analysis, the length of the ECG signal sample queue can be determined by equation (1):
length of sample queue =60 ÷ minimum heart rate × cardiac cycle number × ECG signal sampling rate (1)
When the upper computer carries out ECG signal acquisition once and an ECG signal sampling queue is full, sending ECG signal sampling point data in the ECG signal sampling queue to an ECG signal characteristic detection module for ECG signal characteristic detection; the invention sets ECG signal characteristic detection module in the upper computer, the basic flow of the electrocardiosignal characteristic detection is as follows:
smoothing the ECG signal sampling queue;
calculating a slope of sampling points in the smoothed ECG signal sampling queue;
detecting validity of the ECG signal, and excluding invalid signals;
searching all peaks of the upper half part of the ECG signal in the ECG signal sampling queue;
for all the wave crests of the upper half part of the ECG signal, limiting and detecting the wave crest of the R wave through the slopes of the left side and the right side of the wave crest;
determining a Q wave peak through slope data on the left side of the R wave peak;
determining an S wave peak through slope data on the right side of the R wave peak;
determining a P wave peak by searching the maximum value of sampling point data in a set range on the left side of the Q wave peak;
and determining the T wave peak by searching the maximum value of the sampling point data in the set range on the right side of the S wave peak.
Performing smoothing processing on an ECG signal sampling queue;
in the invention, the smoothing processing is carried out on the ECG signal sampling queue by adopting Gaussian filtering processing.
(II) calculating the slope of sampling points in the smoothed ECG signal sampling queue;
because the amplitude of the R wave peak in the ECG signal waveform is the highest, the slope data of the left and the right of the corresponding R wave peak can have a positive maximum value and a negative maximum value, and the values of the slope data are larger than those of the slope data of the left and the right of other wave peaks; according to the characteristic, the position of the wave crest of the R wave can be detected in an auxiliary mode, and the accuracy of R wave detection is improved;
(III) detecting the validity of the ECG signal, and excluding invalid signals;
in consideration of the actual situation, abnormal situations such as suspension of an ECG lead wire, poor contact and the like exist, and in order to avoid the situation from interfering with the detection of the electrocardiosignal characteristics, the abnormal situations need to be distinguished in advance;
calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the sampling point data in the ECG signal sampling queue as a first difference value, and calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the slope data of the sampling points in the ECG signal sampling queue as a second difference value; if the first difference and the second difference are both larger than the set corresponding threshold, the ECG signal is considered to be valid, otherwise the algorithm processing is finished;
(IV) searching all peaks of the upper half part of the ECG signal in the ECG signal sampling queue;
because the QRS wave group has the most obvious characteristics in the ECG signal waveform of a period, the QRS wave groups are closely connected, the R wave peak is the highest upwards, the left side of the R wave is closely connected with the Q wave peak downwards, and the right side of the R wave is closely connected with the lowest S wave peak downwards; therefore, the R wave is detected preferentially, which is the basis for detecting other waves;
searching all peak values and a minimum value of the sampling point data in the ECG signal sampling queue, and comparing each peak valuePeakAnd minimum valueMin E Calculating a difference value, and when the calculated difference value is larger than a set threshold valueThPeakDetermining the wave peak value meeting the conditions to obtain the corresponding wave peak position;
(V) for all the wave peaks of the upper half part of the ECG signal, limiting and detecting the wave peak of the R wave through the slopes of the left side and the right side of the wave peak;
because the R wave peak is highest, the corresponding slope data can generate the maximum slope data of the positive direction on the left side of the R wave peak and the maximum slope data of the negative direction on the right side of the R wave peak, and the R wave peak can be accurately determined through the characteristics;
for each peak of the upper half part of the calculated ECG signal, searching corresponding slope data in a set range on the left side and the right side of the peak respectively, and if the conditions that the slope existing on the left side of the peak is greater than a set positive slope threshold value and the slope existing on the right side of the peak is less than a negative slope threshold value are met, determining the position of the R wave peak;
sixthly, determining a Q wave peak through slope data on the left side of the R wave peak;
the Q wave crest is a downward crest on the left side of the R wave crest position, the corresponding slope data passes through a point 0, and the slope data only needs to be detected from the crest position of the R wave to the left as the R wave crest position is determined;
searching from the R wave peak to the left side, and determining the Q wave peak position when the slopes of two adjacent sampling points meet the conditions that the slope of the left sampling point is less than or equal to 0 and the slope of the right sampling point is greater than or equal to 0; the peak of the Q wave is between the two sampling points or at one of the two sampling points (if the slope of the sampling point is 0);
(VII) determining an S wave peak through slope data on the right side of the R wave peak;
the S wave crest is a downward wave crest at the right side of the R wave crest position, the amplitude is lower than that of the Q wave, the corresponding slope data passes through a point 0, and the slope data only needs to be detected from the right side of the R wave crest position because the R wave crest position is determined;
searching from the R wave peak to the right side, and determining the position of the S wave peak when the slopes of two adjacent sampling points meet the conditions that the slope of the left sampling point is less than or equal to 0 and the slope of the right sampling point is greater than or equal to 0; the S wave peak is between the two sampling points or at one of the two sampling points (if the slope of the sampling point is 0);
(VIII) determining a P wave peak by searching the maximum value of sampling point data in a set range on the left side of the Q wave peak;
the P wave crest is a crest corresponding to the maximum value in the sampling point data in a section of interval on the left side of the Q wave crest; therefore, the P wave peak position can be determined by searching the maximum value of the sampling point data in the set range on the left side of the Q wave peak.
(ninthly), determining a T wave peak by searching the maximum value of the sampling point data in the set range on the right side of the S wave peak;
the T wave crest is a crest corresponding to the maximum value in the sampling point data in a section of interval on the right side of the S wave crest; therefore, the T wave peak position can be determined by searching the maximum value of the sampling point data in the set range on the right side of the S wave peak.
The method can accurately detect the P, Q, R, S, T wave peak position for normal ECG signals, as shown in figure 3;
the peak position of the P, Q, R, S, T wave can be detected relatively accurately even for the ECG signal with abnormal initial waveform, as shown in FIG. 4;
for signals with an ECG lead wire suspended, as shown in fig. 5, the above method does not detect a valid waveform, which is consistent with the actual situation.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrocardiographic signal acquisition system, comprising:
an ECG signal acquisition module configured for acquiring an ECG signal of a target subject;
the sampling point extraction module is used for extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals and sending the ECG signal sampling point data to the sampling queue module;
and the sampling queue module is configured on the upper computer and is configured to store the extracted ECG signal sampling point data into an ECG signal sampling queue, if the ECG signal sampling queue is full, the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue is sent to the ECG signal characteristic detection module and the ECG signal sampling queue is emptied, and if not, the next acquisition is continued.
2. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 1,
the ECG signal acquisition module comprises a lead wire, an ECG signal acquisition chip and an FPGA chip;
the lead wire is used for being connected to a human body to sense an ECG signal;
the ECG signal acquisition chip is used for sampling an ECG signal sensed by the lead wire, carrying out amplification and analog-to-digital conversion and outputting an ECG digital signal;
the FPGA chip is used for processing the ECG digital signals output by the ECG signal acquisition chip so as to improve the signal quality of the ECG digital signals.
3. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 2,
the specific method for improving the signal quality of the ECG digital signal comprises the steps of performing at least baseline shift processing, gain control and interference reduction processing on the ECG digital signal output by the ECG signal acquisition chip.
4. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 1, 2 or 3,
the sampling point extraction module is also configured to upload ECG sampling point data acquired between two frames of ultrasonic images every time one frame of ultrasonic image is uploaded.
5. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 1, 2 or 3,
the length of the ECG signal sample queue depends on the ECG signal sample rate, the number of cardiac cycles, and the minimum heart rate;
the ECG signal sampling rate is the number of ECG sampling points which are uploaded to an upper computer by a sampling point extraction module every second;
the number of cardiac cycles is at least greater than 1 cycle;
the minimum heart rate is the minimum heart rate supported by the system.
6. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 5,
the minimum heart rate is 40 beats/minute.
7. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 5,
the number of the cardiac cycles is 3-6 cardiac cycles.
8. The cardiac signal acquisition system of claim 3,
the interference reduction process includes at least a band-pass filtering process and an averaging filtering process.
9. An electrocardiosignal acquisition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an ECG signal of a target object through a lead wire;
extracting a certain amount of ECG signal sampling point data from the collected ECG signals;
storing the extracted ECG signal sample point data in an ECG signal sample queue;
and if the ECG signal sampling point data stored in the ECG signal sampling queue is full, sending the ECG signal sampling point data in the stored ECG signal sampling queue, and emptying the ECG signal sampling queue, otherwise, continuing to collect the data next time.
10. The cardiac signal acquisition method as set forth in claim 9, wherein the length of the ECG signal sample queue is dependent on the ECG signal sample rate, the number of cardiac cycles, and the minimum heart rate;
wherein the number of cardiac cycles is at least greater than 1 cycle; the minimum heart rate is the minimum heart rate supported by the system.
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