CN111247116B - 用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施 - Google Patents

用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111247116B
CN111247116B CN201880068313.7A CN201880068313A CN111247116B CN 111247116 B CN111247116 B CN 111247116B CN 201880068313 A CN201880068313 A CN 201880068313A CN 111247116 B CN111247116 B CN 111247116B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
roving
die
rovings
filler
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201880068313.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN111247116A (zh
Inventor
M·施瓦茨
A·德勒豪兹
N·拉瓦尔
B·德茹瓦约
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Ceramics SA
Original Assignee
Safran Ceramics SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Ceramics SA filed Critical Safran Ceramics SA
Publication of CN111247116A publication Critical patent/CN111247116A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111247116B publication Critical patent/CN111247116B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63408—Polyalkenes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/382—Automated fiber placement [AFP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/117—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/185—Mullite 3Al2O3-2SiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
    • C04B35/6263—Wet mixtures characterised by their solids loadings, i.e. the percentage of solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63424—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/6346—Polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63496—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/82—Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2507/00—Use of elements other than metals as filler
    • B29K2507/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2509/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2503/00 - B29K2507/00, as filler
    • B29K2509/02—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2509/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2503/00 - B29K2507/00, as filler
    • B29K2509/02—Ceramics
    • B29K2509/04—Carbides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5224—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5228—Silica and alumina, including aluminosilicates, e.g. mullite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5232—Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates, e.g. quartz
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5248—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5252—Fibers having a specific pre-form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于沉积旨在用于制造复合部件的成形的填充粗纱(2)的设施(1)，该设施(1)包括：用于供应浸渍有包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物(16)的纤维粗纱的设备(10)；由至少一个多孔面(24)限定的用于成形和用于排出粘合剂的模具(20)，该模具在入口横截面和出口横截面之间变化的横截面，入口横截面大于出口横截面；与模具的出口连通的支承件(30)，在其上支承有用于沉积的成形的粗纱；以及第一输送设备，第一输送设备构造成将来自供应设备的粗纱运送通过模具并到达支承件。本发明还涉及使用这种设施的方法。

Description

用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施
技术领域
本发明涉及用于放置旨在用于制造复合材料部件的形状填充的粗纱的设施的一般领域。本发明还涉及一种使用这种设施制造复合材料部件的方法。
背景技术
已知通过以预浸渍的纤维增强层的形式覆盖来生产复合材料部件。在一些当前技术中，覆盖由操作人员手动进行。这些技术会导致相对较高的部件生产成本，并且会导致层定位错误的风险。这导致获得的部件的机械性能中的某些变化，并导致其机械性能可以改善的部件。
已经开发了其它解决方案，比如自动纤维放置(AFP)。这种机械化技术对于降低复合材料的部件的生产成本有益处。在现有技术中，将纤维层覆盖在表面上以获得所要获得的部件的预成型件，然后将包含陶瓷或碳颗粒的砂浆注入覆盖的预成型件的孔隙中，最后烧结颗粒以形成基质。尽管有效，这种方法的时间和成本可以进一步减少。
发明内容
为此，根据第一方面，本发明提供一种用于沉积成形的填充的粗砂的装置，该粗纱旨在用于制造复合材料部件，该装置至少包括：
用于馈送浸渍有包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物的纤维粗纱的设备，
由至少一个多孔表面限定的用于成形和排出粘合剂的模具，该模具在入口截面和出口截面之间具有逐渐演变的截面，入口截面大于出口截面，
与模具的出口连通的支承件，成形的粗纱将沉积在该支承件上，以及
第一输送设备，该第一输送设备构造成将来自馈送设备的粗纱运送通过模具并到达支承件。
“粗纱”是指基本上彼此平行行进并连结在一起以形成非织造网状物的一组纤维或长丝。入口或出口横截面是由喷丝头的入口或出口开口限定的区域。
通过这种装置，可以制造成形的填充的粗纱，即，其浸渍有包括粘合剂和填料的组合物并且具有预定的尺寸，其可以用于使用AFP技术的制造方法中。根据本发明的装置的粘合剂成形和排出的模具因此使得能够将粗纱压延至预定尺寸，同时消除粘合剂的一部分并将填料捕获在粗纱中，以便在粗纱中获得较高填料比率。通过排出部分粘合剂来减少由粗纱所占据的体积，从而提高填料比率，但通过多孔表面的过滤又不允许填料逸出。
借助这种装置，通过充分增加粗纱中的填料的速率，不再需要执行砂浆(barbotine)注射步骤，或更一般地将附加填料引入沉积的粗纱的孔隙中以形成预成型件。换言之，通过增加如装置允许的粗纱中的填料的比率，并通过使用可移除的粘合剂(例如在热的作用下)，能够直接烧结包括离开装置的粗纱的覆盖物的预成型件，并获得期望的孔隙率，而无需首先执行将填料引入预成型件的步骤。
通常，应当选择多孔表面的孔隙尺寸以确保粘合剂排出，同时将填料捕获在粗纱中。多孔表面的孔隙尺寸可以严格小于填料的尺寸。在一个示例中，孔隙的孔隙尺寸D90可以严格小于填料尺寸D10。例如，孔隙尺寸D90可以小于或等于10μm，或小于或等于5μm，或小于或等于0.3μm。注意到，多孔表面的孔隙尺寸不一定必须小于填料的尺寸。实际上，填料通常部分地阻挡比填料的尺寸更大的孔隙，从而减小了有效孔隙尺寸并且仍然提供过滤功能。
在示例实施例中，多孔表面的材料可以是具有开放孔隙率的多孔材料，以确保粘合剂的排出。多孔材料可以是多微孔的或纳米多孔的，例如纳米多孔的陶瓷材料，其可以通过部分烧结陶瓷粉末、陶瓷或金属泡沫而获得，或者多微孔的有机材料。
在示例实施例中，该装置还可以包括第二输送设备，该第二输送设备构造成在粗纱和多孔表面之间循环多孔膜，该多孔膜所具有的孔隙尺寸严格大于填料的尺寸。该膜促进将粗纱输送通过模具，同时可渗透组合物。例如，多孔膜的孔隙尺寸D50可以是填料的尺寸D50的至少两倍。
在示例性实施例中，该装置还可以包括与多孔表面连通的泵送设备。例如，泵送设备可包括连接到每个多孔表面的泵。当仅通过模具输送粗纱不够有效时，泵送设备的存在可以改善粘结剂的排出。
在示例实施例中，该装置包括用于模具的加热设备。该设备加热穿过模具的粗纱。因此，它能够调节粘合剂的粘度，例如使其软化或液化，以促进排出。
在示例实施例中，该装置还可以包括分配头，该分配头与模具的出口连通，并且构造成将成形的粗纱沉积在基材上。
在示例实施例中，分配头可以是用于自动纤维放置的分配头，即，用于实施AFP技术。为了简洁起见，在下文中将自动纤维放置技术称为“AFP技术”。
在示例实施例中，支承件可以构成成形的粗纱的存储辊。在一些情况下，有利的是，该装置另外包括与存储辊连通的塑料膜馈送设备，以便通过塑料膜分开缠绕在存储辊上的粗纱的各层并允许它们随后分开以使粗纱更容易解绕。
在示例实施例中，多孔表面可以在横向于输送粗纱通过模具的方向的方向上移动。这种有利的布置允许多孔表面在模具中压实粗纱，以改善粘合剂的排出。
在示例实施例中，模具可包括面向彼此的两个多孔表面。
最后，根据第二方面，本发明涉及一种制造复合材料部件的方法，该方法至少包括：
-形成纤维预成型件，该纤维预成型件包括来自使用上述装置形成的一根或多根粗纱的陶瓷或碳填料，以及
-从陶瓷或碳填料在纤维预制品的孔隙中形成基质。
在示例实施例中，可以通过烧结填料形成基质。在烧结步骤期间，可以移除粘合剂，因此形成逃逸性粘合剂。通过这种布置，可以在单个烧结热处理步骤中获得基质。
在示例实施例中，粗纱可以在其成形期间逐步地前进通过模具。有利地，多孔表面可在相对于在模具中输送粗纱的方向的横向方向上移动，以压实粗纱并在两个连续的前进之间排出粘合剂。
附图说明
参考示出了非限制性示例实施例的附图，本发明的其它特征和优点将从下面给出的描述中变得明显。在附图中：
-图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的装置的示意性剖视图，
-图2是示出了可用于放置粗纱以通过AFP技术形成纤维结构的分配头的示意性剖视图，以及
-图3是示出根据本发明的制造复合材料部件的方法的各种步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的装置1。装置1旨在用于放置填充和成形的粗纱2，粗纱2本身旨在用于制造复合材料部件。在此处示出的示例中，粗纱2在箭头4所示的方向上在装置1中移动，该方向对应于输送方向。
装置1在输送粗纱2的方向上从上游到下游包括：馈送设备10，其用于浸渍有包含粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物的纤维粗纱；模具20，其用于成形和排出由馈送设备10馈送的粘合剂；以及辊子30，其构成与模具20的出口连通的支承件。
馈送设备10在此包括辊子11，仍然干燥的粗纱2可以存储在辊子11上。成对反向旋转的辊子12构造成在浸渍之前将粗纱2驱动至预定的尺寸。在所示的示例中，馈送设备10还包括箱体13，箱体13具有入口开口14和出口开口15，干燥的粗纱2通过该入口开口14进入箱体，浸渍的粗纱2通过出口开口15出来。箱体13包含包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物16。箱体13还可以包括用于均化组合物16的器具(未示出)，例如搅拌设备。在箱体13内部，粗纱浸入用于浸渍的组合物16中。当然可以设想其它浸渍粗纱的手段。为了使组合物更好地浸渍在组成它的细丝内部，干粗纱2可以在进入箱体13之前被拉伸并且至少部分地被去致密化。
包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物可以包含按体积计大于20％的陶瓷或碳填料，较佳地按体积计大于30％。
馈送设备10可以构造成使得在浸渍粗纱2之前，后者的尺寸大于粗纱2在模具的出口处将具有的尺寸(最终尺寸)。例如，当粗纱2具有矩形截面时，其在馈送设备10中的宽度可以在其最终宽度的110％至120％之间，并且其厚度e1可以在其最终厚度e2的110％至160％之间。可以确保粗纱2在进入箱体13时充分通风，从而使浸渍更加有效。
可以考虑各种材料构成粗纱2的纤维。特别地，它可以由陶瓷或碳纤维制成。陶瓷纤维可以是诸如碳化硅SiC之类的非氧化物材料的纤维，或者是诸如氧化铝、玻璃(玻璃纤维)或莫来石之类的氧化物材料的纤维。在示例性实施例中，所使用的纤维可以是由日本公司日本碳(Nippon Carbon)以“Nicalon”、“Hi-Nicalon”或“Hi-Nicalon-S”的名称供应的或由公司宇部兴产(UBE)以“暴龙-SA3(Tyranno-SA3)”的名称供应的SiC纤维。也可以使用3M公司以“Nextel”的名称供应的氧化铝纤维。由东丽(Toray)公司以托来佳T300(ToraycaT300)的名称提供的纤维是可用的碳纤维的示例。粗纱还可以包括诸如芳族聚酰胺纤维(凯芙拉
Figure BDA0002457859510000051
)之类的聚合物纤维、硼纤维或碳纤维或这些纤维的混合物。纤维的粗纱可以被滴定至至少5000但尼尔(deniers)，较佳地在10000至50000但尼尔之间。
陶瓷填料可以例如包括选自以下的材料：SiC、Al2O3、SiO2、(3Al2O3,2SiO2)、TiO2、ZrO2或这些材料的混合物。陶瓷或碳填料所具有的尺寸D50可较佳小于或等于5μm，或更较佳小于或等于2μm，或者甚至更较佳小于或等于1μm。例如，陶瓷或碳填料所具有的尺寸D50可以在0.3μm和1μm之间。陶瓷或碳填料的尺寸D10可以小于或等于0.3μm。
通常，粘合剂可以是有机粘合剂。粘合剂可以包括沥青、焦油或天然树脂。粘合剂可以是选自以下的热塑性类型的一维聚合物：碳酸亚烷基酯(polyalkylene carbonates)、特别是聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚碳酸亚乙脂、脂肪族共聚酯、比如聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、半芳族共聚酯、比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)及其混合物。粘合剂可以是两组分的(热固性)有机粘合剂，例如包含来自环氧族的树脂。粘合剂可以例如具有在10000和50000之间的平均分子量。
模具20在此呈块的形式，在其内部是在模具的入口22和出口23之间水平延伸的通道21。模具20构造成使得粗纱2存在于通道21中。在该示例中，通道21具有逐渐演变的矩形截面。特别地，其在入口22处的截面大于其在出口23处的截面。这样，模具20将粗纱2的厚度修改为从厚度e1到最终厚度e2。模具20的通道21在侧部上一方面由竖直表面(在图1中不可见)界限，另一方面由多孔表面24竖直地界限。在所示的示例中，多孔表面是平坦的，并且相对于水平面倾斜。在该示例中，粗纱2的厚度相对于其宽度减小，并且多孔表面24因此具有比竖直表面大的表面积。
多孔表面24可以是多孔材料块25的表面，该多孔材料块25比如是多微孔或纳米多孔材料，例如宝利是
Figure BDA0002457859510000061
通过部分烧结陶瓷粉末获得的微孔陶瓷材料块、陶瓷或金属泡沫块、或者多微孔有机材料。每个多孔表面可具有大于或等于10％，例如在10％至40％之间的体积孔隙率(开口孔隙率)。多孔材料25的孔隙尺寸可以选择为严格小于陶瓷或碳填料的尺寸，例如，孔隙尺寸D90严格小于陶瓷或碳填料的尺寸D10。作为通用规则，应注意确保多孔材料25的孔隙尺寸允许填料集中在粗纱2中，防止其逸出，同时允许从粗纱2有效地排出粘合剂。
可以简单地通过将粗纱2输送到模具中来进行排出，该输送在多孔表面24上产生压力，该压力允许移除粘合剂。然而，为了改善粘合剂的排出，特别是当粘合剂具有高粘度或粘合剂中的陶瓷或碳填料的级别较高时，使用诸如泵之类的泵送设备(图1中的箭头)可能是有利的，该泵送设备连接到模具的排出出口26。可以将加热设备(未示出)集成到模具中，例如在模具的侧腹处，以便加热粘合剂以降低其粘度并改善其通过多孔表面24的排出。排出出口26本身通过多孔材料25连接到多孔表面24。
当然，模具的通道21的截面的形状可以根据需要和粗纱2的期望形状而与所示的形状不同。此外，模具20可以仅包括两个多孔表面24，特别是当粗纱2的厚度与其宽度相比可以忽略不计时。
粗纱2在装置1内部的输送通过第一输送设备来提供，该第一输送设备包括例如用于使辊子11、辊子30和辊子12旋转的器具(未示出)。第一输送设备可构造成使得粗纱2较佳以0.01m/min至20m/min之间的速度、更较佳地以0.1至10m/min之间的速度、甚至更较佳以0.1至2m/min之间的速度移动通过模具20。特别地，输送速度将被选择为足够低，以使得馈送设备10中的浸渍被正确地执行并且模具20中的排出能够发生。应当注意，输送可以是连续的，或者替代地是半连续的。例如，在半连续的情况下，粗纱2可以逐步前进通过模具，并且多孔表面24可以彼此独立地竖直(即，在横向于粗纱2输送通过模具的方向的方向上)移动，从而在粗纱2的两个连续前进之间压缩粗纱2。
为了促进粗纱2输送到模具20中，使用第二输送设备可能是有利的，该第二输送设备包括例如成对移动的多孔膜27，成对移动的多孔膜27伴随粗纱2进入模具20中，每个多孔膜27通过位于模具20上游和下游的辊子28驱动。每个多孔膜27定位在多孔表面24和粗纱2之间，并与其接触。多孔膜27构造成能够被粘合剂和填料穿过并且具有促进粗纱2输送通过模具的作用。多孔膜27的孔隙尺寸因此可以大于浸渍到粗纱2的填料的尺寸。例如，多孔膜27的孔隙尺寸D90可以严格大于陶瓷或碳填料的尺寸D10。多孔膜27的馈送速度可以与在装置中的粗纱2的输送速度相同。在未示出的变型中，装置1没有多孔膜27，使得粗纱2与模具20的多孔表面24接触。
在所示的装置中，离开模具20的粗纱2被存储在支承件上，在此该支承件由存储辊30构成。为了防止缠绕到支承件30上的粗纱2的各层粘附在一起，并且可以更容易地解绕，可以与粗纱2同时缠绕膜片31，例如塑料膜。可以通过塑料膜供应设备来供应膜片31，该塑料膜供应设备包括例如布置在存储辊30上游的粗纱2下方的辊子32。然后可以使用存储在辊子30上的粗纱2馈送如下描述的分配头。替代地，粗纱2可直接用于馈送与模具20的出口连通的分配头。
图2示意性地示出了AFP设备的分配头40的结构。分配头40可用于上述装置1中。所示的分配头40的结构本身是已知的。分配头40由浸渍有粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的粗纱2馈送，以产生纤维预成型件。
纤维预成型件形成在支承件50的表面S上。为此，分配头40利用粗纱2馈送。粗纱2通过输送元件41输送到在表面S的侧部上的压力施加元件42。输送元件41呈成对反向旋转辊子41a和41b的形式，在它们之间存在粗纱2。输送元件41用于使粗纱2在由箭头F1表示的方向上向压力施加元件42前进。当分配头40与模具20的出口连通时，那么输送元件41是装置1的第一输送设备的一部分。
压力施加元件42将压力施加到粗纱2，以便将其沉积在表面S上。压力施加元件42在此为辊子的形式。另外，分配头40还可具有位于压力施加元件42附近的加热元件43。如果需要，该加热元件43使得能够在粗纱2沉积期间加热粗纱2，以使粘合剂流化并因此赋予沉积的粗纱期望的附着力。
在沉积期间，可以移动分配头40，以便将粗纱2施加到表面S的第一确定区域(箭头F2)。一旦已经施加第一区域，分配头40上的切割元件44就切割粗纱2。在该切割之后，由粗纱2的第一部段形成的第一浸渍的纤维结构沉积在表面S的第一区域上。首先，在沉积第一纤维结构之前，可以将热塑性材料的初始层沉积在表面S的第一区域上，并且可以将第一纤维结构然后沉积在该热塑性层上。该初始热塑性层的沉积是可选的。
然后通过致动输送元件41使分配头40中的粗纱2前进到压力施加元件42而继续预成型件的形成。可以移动分配头40以便将粗纱2沉积在表面S的与第一区域分离的第二区域上。然后以与上述类似的方式在表面S的第二区域上获得由粗纱2的第二部段形成的第二浸渍纤维结构的沉积。然后，通过以与上述相同的方式沉积一种或多种其它浸渍的纤维结构，继续预成型件的生产。
图3概括了实现上述装置1的复合材料部件的制造方法的步骤。复合材料部件包括由基质致密化的纤维增强件。
第一步骤100包括形成纤维预成型件，该纤维预成型件包括来自已经成形的一根或多根浸渍的粗纱的陶瓷或碳填料。纤维预成型件旨在形成部件的纤维增强件。该步骤可以在根据本发明的装置1中进行。步骤100可以分解为若干子步骤。首先，子步骤110在于利用包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物浸渍粗纱2。该子步骤110在装置1的对应于馈送设备10的部分中进行，该馈送设备10尤其包括其中存在组合物的箱体16。然后，子步骤120包括使粗纱成形并排出粘合剂存在于粗纱2中的部分。该子步骤120在装置1的模具20中进行。在模具20的出口处，将粗纱成形为接近其最终尺寸的尺寸，并且粘合剂已从其中排出，以便增加粗纱2中的填料浓度。然后，在子步骤130中，将成形的填充的粗纱2沉积在支承件上。取决于装置1的构造，可以将粗纱2沉积在存储辊30上，然后使用存储辊30来馈送到例如分配头40。替代地，能够利用离开模具20的粗纱40来直接馈送分配头40。在任一情况下，然后都可以使用如上所述的分配头40使用AFP技术形成部件的纤维预成型件。除AFP以外的其它方法当然能够用于从成形的填充的粗纱2形成纤维预成型件。
该方法的第二步骤200最终包括由其中存在的陶瓷或碳填料在纤维预成型件的孔隙中形成基质。该步骤可以简单地包括纤维预成型件的烧结热处理。然后可以通过加热去除浸渍预成型件的粘合剂，并且将预成型件内部的填料烧结以填充纤维预成型件内部的孔隙并获得最终部件。
实施根据本发明的装置来沉积成形的填充的粗纱的方法使得可以克服以下步骤，其中在基质形成之前将填料引入预成型件中，这些填料已经存在于通过沉积粗纱获得的预成型件中。根据本发明的方法因此比现有技术的方法更简单并更快速地执行。
在整个公开中，“在……与……之间”的用语应当理解为包括界限。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于沉积在制造复合材料部件中使用的成形的填充的粗纱 (2)的装置(1)，所述装置至少包括：
用于馈送浸渍有包括粘合剂和陶瓷或碳填料的组合物(16)的纤维粗纱的设备(10)，
由至少一个多孔表面(24)限定的用于成形和排出粘合剂的模具(20)，所述模具在入口截面和出口截面之间具有逐渐演变的截面，所述入口截面大于所述出口截面，
与所述模具的出口连通的支承件(30；50)，所述成形的粗纱将沉积在所述支承件上，以及
第一输送设备，所述第一输送设备构造成将来自馈送设备的所述粗纱运送通过所述模具并到达所述支承件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多孔表面(24)所具有的孔隙尺寸严格小于所述填料的尺寸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括第二输送设备(28)，所述第二输送设备(28)构造成使多孔膜(27)在所述粗纱(2)和所述多孔表面(24)之间循环。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多孔膜的孔隙尺寸严格大于所述填料的尺寸。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括与所述多孔表面(24)连通的泵送设备。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括分配头(40)，所述分配头(40)与所述模具的出口连通并构造成将所述成形的粗纱(2)沉积在所述支承件(50)上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述分配头(40)是用于自动纤维放置的分配头。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述支承件(30)构成用于所述成形的粗纱(2)的存储辊。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多孔表面(24)能在横向于所述粗纱(2)在所述模具(20)中的输送方向的方向上移动。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括模具加热设备。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模具包括面向彼此的两个多孔表面(24)。
12.一种用于制造复合材料部件的方法，所述方法至少包括：
-形成纤维预成型件，所述纤维预成型件包括来自使用根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的装置(1)成形的一根或多根粗纱(2)的陶瓷或碳填料，以及
-从所述陶瓷或碳填料在所述纤维预制品的孔隙中形成基质。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基质通过烧结所述填料形成。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于，每根粗纱在其成形期间逐步地前进通过所述模具(2)。
CN201880068313.7A 2017-10-24 2018-10-23 用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施 Active CN111247116B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1760015A FR3072672B1 (fr) 2017-10-24 2017-10-24 Installation pour le depot d'une meche chargee mise en forme
FR1760015 2017-10-24
PCT/FR2018/052632 WO2019081846A1 (fr) 2017-10-24 2018-10-23 Installation pour le depot d'une meche chargee mise en forme

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111247116A CN111247116A (zh) 2020-06-05
CN111247116B true CN111247116B (zh) 2021-06-08

Family

ID=61802015

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201880068313.7A Active CN111247116B (zh) 2017-10-24 2018-10-23 用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10994503B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3700877A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6936394B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN111247116B (zh)
FR (1) FR3072672B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2019081846A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3115281A1 (fr) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-22 Safran Ceramics Mèches pré-imprégnées pour matériau composite
FR3116530B1 (fr) * 2020-11-26 2023-03-31 Safran Ceram Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce en matériau composite à matrice céramique
CN112793042B (zh) * 2021-04-08 2021-08-10 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 用于纤维湿法缠绕工艺的纤维无损浸胶方法
FR3133334B1 (fr) 2022-03-09 2024-03-15 Safran Rouleau pour le dépôt par placement automatique de fibres

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2880016A1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-30 Messier Bugatti Sa Procede de realisation de preforme fibreuse pour la fabrication de pieces en materiau composite de type carbone/carbone incorporant des particules en ceramique, et produit ainsi obtenus
CN101636367A (zh) * 2006-10-26 2010-01-27 斯奈克玛动力部件公司 制造热结构复合材料部件的方法
CN107207354A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-09-26 赛峰航空器发动机 由复合材料制造部件的方法
CN107206624A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-09-26 赛峰航空器发动机 制造填充有耐火陶瓷颗粒的纤维预制件的方法

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5395648A (en) * 1989-11-09 1995-03-07 Kaiser Aerospace And Electronics Corporation Ceramic-ceramic composite prepregs and methods for their use and preparation
US5205898A (en) * 1990-11-15 1993-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Continuous fiber thermoplastic prepreg
US5266139A (en) * 1992-10-02 1993-11-30 General Dynamics Corporation, Space Systems Division Continuous processing/in-situ curing of incrementally applied resin matrix composite materials
WO2001071094A1 (fr) 2000-03-21 2001-09-27 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Corps durci et procede et dispositif de production dudit corps durci
JP2001334515A (ja) * 2000-03-21 2001-12-04 Ibiden Co Ltd 硬化体の製造方法及び硬化体の製造装置
US6514370B1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2003-02-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Dry process for manufacturing hybridized boron fiber/carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials from a solution coated precursor
JP3960040B2 (ja) * 2001-12-26 2007-08-15 株式会社村田製作所 シート成形装置
FR2958933B1 (fr) * 2010-04-20 2015-08-07 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Procede d'elaboration d'une piece composite a matrice ceramique
FR3027546B1 (fr) * 2014-10-24 2017-07-21 Porcher Ind Meches poudrees par procede electrostatique
FR3030502B1 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2017-01-13 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'une piece en materiau composite
RU2702548C2 (ru) * 2015-07-02 2019-10-08 Неувокас Корпорейшн Способ изготовления композитного материала
US10328609B2 (en) * 2016-03-23 2019-06-25 Ching-Long Ong Device and method for manufacturing impregnated fiber bundle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2880016A1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-30 Messier Bugatti Sa Procede de realisation de preforme fibreuse pour la fabrication de pieces en materiau composite de type carbone/carbone incorporant des particules en ceramique, et produit ainsi obtenus
CN101636367A (zh) * 2006-10-26 2010-01-27 斯奈克玛动力部件公司 制造热结构复合材料部件的方法
CN107207354A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-09-26 赛峰航空器发动机 由复合材料制造部件的方法
CN107206624A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-09-26 赛峰航空器发动机 制造填充有耐火陶瓷颗粒的纤维预制件的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10994503B2 (en) 2021-05-04
US20200338840A1 (en) 2020-10-29
JP6936394B2 (ja) 2021-09-15
JP2021500301A (ja) 2021-01-07
EP3700877A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
CN111247116A (zh) 2020-06-05
FR3072672A1 (fr) 2019-04-26
WO2019081846A1 (fr) 2019-05-02
FR3072672B1 (fr) 2019-11-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111247116B (zh) 用于放置形状填充的粗纱的设施
CN111971263B (zh) 通过向纤维结构注入负载的陶瓷浆料来制造由复合材料制成的部件的方法
JP6878420B2 (ja) 多孔性型への装入スラリーの加圧注入によってセラミック複合材料部品を製造するための方法
EP3656737B1 (en) Method for producing aerogel sheet
EP3280586B1 (en) Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced plastic products
CN105848860B (zh) 风轮机叶片
EP1859920B1 (en) A method and a device for resin transfer moulding a component comprising at least partly of fibre-reinforced plastic laminate
KR101838214B1 (ko) 로터 블레이드 스파 캡을 제조하기 위한 장치 및 방법
DK171970B1 (da) Luftpermeabel, pladelignende, fiberholdig struktur og fremgangsmåde til dens fremstilling
EP2661357B1 (en) Laminate pre-form for a wind turbine blade and method of its manufacture
CN105899350B (zh) 用于由纤维增强复合材料连续地制造组件的设备和方法以及模具组
EP1379376A1 (en) Moulding material with ventilating structure for entrapped gases
CN111542431B (zh) 通过将粉末注入纤维增强件并由复合过滤层排出，制备由复合材料制成的部件的方法
JP6970019B2 (ja) 中空形状の繊維織物への含浸方法
RU2764203C2 (ru) Способ нагнетания содержащего наполнитель шликера в волокнистую структуру
US7147818B1 (en) Process and apparatus for improved composite fiber volume fraction and dimensional stability by removal of accumulated excess resin using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process
RU2770020C2 (ru) Способ впрыска содержащей наполнитель суспензии в волокнистую структуру и способ изготовления детали из композиционного материала
ZA200405170B (en) Fibrous structure which is used to produce composite materials.
JP2009248552A (ja) 繊維強化樹脂成形品の製造方法
CN116490345A (zh) 具有卷曲的非编织纤维织构
CN108819293B (zh) 用于借助于真空注入法制造纤维复合材料构件的方法
KR20120009775A (ko) 매트와 모래를 이용한 유리섬유 강화수지 중공 구조물의 제조방법 및 그 방법에 의해 제조된 중공 구조물

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant