CN111245526A - Multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio suppression method - Google Patents
Multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio suppression method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, and discloses a multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio inhibition method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data needing to be transmitted; constructing a sequence set of underwater acoustic communication data for transmitting multiple carriers; a passage length of 2mDetermining a variable m of the generalized Boolean function; for the generalized Boolean function of each variable m, obtaining a function meeting the conditions through calculation, and obtaining a plurality of strips with the length of 2mThe QPSK sequence of (a); the length of the plurality of strips is 2mMapping of QPSK sequences from quadrature phase shift keying QPSK to quadrature amplitude modulation 4qOn QAM, resulting in a strip of length 2mSequence B of (a); by a plurality of strips of length 2mConstructing a sequence set by the B sequence; the method for inhibiting the peak-to-average power ratio of the underwater acoustic communication based on the multi-carrier does not cause additional distortion to signals and increase OFD (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)The complexity of the M system can greatly reduce the construction cost of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio restraining method.
Background
The underwater acoustic communication is always a communication direction worth of research, and today with the rapid development of communication technology, the underwater acoustic communication industry has already advanced to digital modulation at present through early analog modulation with low power utilization rate, and further with the great success of multi-carrier wireless communication technologies such as OFDM (orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing) system, etc., which is coming soon in the 5G era, the OFDM system has many advantages that the single-carrier communication technology does not have, and with the successful application of the multi-carrier technology in the radio field, many researchers have started to research and transfer the application of the multi-carrier communication technology to the underwater acoustic field in this regard, especially, the OFDM system has very high spectrum utilization rate, and has important significance for underwater acoustic communication with limited bandwidth resources.
The OFDM system has many advantages, such as high transmission efficiency, good anti-fading capability, etc., but at the same time, the OFDM system also has some disadvantages, such as sensitivity to phase noise and carrier frequency offset, too large peak-to-average ratio, and wide required linear range, etc., where the too high peak-to-average ratio is a problem that is difficult to solve. Too high peak-to-average ratio can cause a number of problems, including power consumption, increased transmission costs, and the like. And the signal can not be distorted only when the power amplifier of the underwater acoustic communication system is very high. Furthermore, unnecessary energy is wasted, which is unacceptable for some of the current battery-powered underwater acoustic communication systems and causes irreparable losses. If the peak exceeds the linear dynamic range of the high power amplifier, in-band distortion and out-of-band interference can also result. Therefore, how to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio in the communication system is of great significance to the underwater acoustic communication system.
To solve the problem of too high peak-to-average ratio, a variety of methods can be implemented. The window function is a method that is currently used in many cases. But has an influence on factors such as complexity, cost, volume and the like of the equipment at the transmitting end.
There are many methods for reducing the peak-to-average ratio, and among them, probability-based techniques, signal predistortion techniques, have been studied by many people. However, these methods all increase the complexity of the OFDM system, and the cost thereof is relatively large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio suppression method, which can not cause additional distortion to signals, can not increase the complexity of an OFDM system, and can greatly reduce the construction cost of the system.
The invention provides a multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio inhibition method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, acquiring multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data needing to be transmitted;
s2, constructing a sequence set of the underwater acoustic communication data of the transmission multi-carrier;
s21, passage length of 2mDetermining a variable m of the generalized Boolean function;
s22, outputting a length of 2 by the generalized Boolean function of the variable mmDefining a sequence on QPSK, calculating a function meeting conditions for a generalized Boolean function of each variable m, and obtaining a plurality of functions with the length of 2 through a plurality of functions meeting the conditionsmThe QPSK sequence of (a);
s23, setting the length of the multiple strips as 2mMapping of QPSK sequences from quadrature phase shift keying QPSK to quadrature amplitude modulation 4qOn QAM, resulting in a strip of length 2mSequence B of (a);
s24, repeating the steps S22 and S23 to obtain a plurality of strips with the length of 2mBy a plurality of length 2B sequencesmConstructing a sequence set by the B sequence;
and S3, transmitting the multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data by using the sequence set.
The method for calculating the function meeting the condition in step S22 includes:
the generalized Boolean function for the variable m is:
andare two adjacent variables, { pi1,π2,...,πhAnd phi1,φ2,...,φkDivide {1,2, …, m } into two parts randomly, and satisfy h + k ═ m, denoted as mAndZ2 hand Z2 kRepresenting a binary vector space, pi represents a permutation of the integer {1,2, … m }, i0,i1,...,ik-1Is a binary representation of i and is,giand gi' respectively in a finite fieldAndthe vector of (a);
under different conditions, the generalized Boolean function has different offsets, the offsets under different conditions are limited and calculated;
definition c ═ (c)1,c2,...,ck)∈{0,1}kFor a fixed binary word of length k, a limited offset is defined as s(p)(y | c),1 ≦ p ≦ q-1 and the common pairing difference μ (y | c), there are three different cases that give different offset choices for different conditions:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing any number in the space of the quaternary vector, thereby obtaining an offset s(p)(x) Comprises the following steps:whereinWhen z is equal to c, δ will bec(z) is defined as a value of 1, otherwise is defined as a value of 0;
handleThis offset is substituted into the following equation, resulting in a conditional functional expression:
a(p)(x)=f(x)+s(p)(x)
repeating q times to obtain q eligible functions a(p)(x)。
The specific method of the step S23 includes: modulating the quadrature amplitude 4q-the sequences on the QAM constellation are regarded as a weighted sum of q QPSK sequences, resulting in a weight ratio of 1:2: …:2qLet the pth sequence be defined as A(p)Wherein p is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to q-1 and q is more than or equal to 2, then 4 is normalizedq-QAM sequence represented asGetAccording to q eligible functions a(p)(x) Q QPSK sequences are obtained, and are respectively brought into 4 normalizedq-in the formula of QAM sequence, obtaining a normalizationThe sequence B of (1), constructing a sequence set by using the plurality of normalized sequences B.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses a method for constructing a plurality of sequences in the OFDM system to reduce the peak-to-average ratio of the underwater acoustic communication data of multiple carriers in the transmission process, compared with the prior art, the number of the given sequence sets is enough, and the purpose that the information is transmitted under the specified condition is achieved. The method does not increase the complexity of the OFDM system, and the implementation of the scheme is inevitably advocated at present when the underwater acoustic communication equipment pursues light weight and miniaturization. Secondly, the method for constructing the transmission sequence does not cause additional distortion to signals and increase the complexity of the OFDM system, and not only can increase the adaptability of the OFDM system to severe channel conditions, but also can greatly reduce the construction cost of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for suppressing peak-to-average power ratio in underwater acoustic communication based on multiple carriers according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment.
And putting the data which is subjected to the preprocessing into a database.
And then, constructing a required sequence by using the sequence which is already owned, and transmitting the data which needs to be transmitted by using the constructed sequence set, wherein the sequence set has a lower peak-to-average ratio during construction, so that the effect of inhibiting the peak-to-average ratio can be achieved during transmission, and the number of the selectable sequence sets in the codebook is considerable, so that the method has a certain application value.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data needing to be transmitted;
step two: to make the data length 2mIs converted into a wide range of length mA boolean function.
Since the output of the generalized Boolean function will produce a length of 2mSo the problem can be normalized to a generalized boolean function. In the invention, a quaternary sequence when a sequence value corresponding to a generalized Boolean function corresponds to Q4 is specified. The range is defined as i,1-i, -1, (i is an imaginary unit representing the complex number). Defining a sequence of a given length as a generalized Boolean function f (x) (or f (x)1,x2,...,xm) Is defined as a mappingOrder (i)1,i2,...,im) Is an integerIn binary representation of (i), wherein imThe most significant bit is represented by the number of bits,the remaining class rings, representing mod H, defineIn the present invention, H ═ 4. Thus, only the choice of f (x) needs to be calculated to obtain the desired sequence.
The generalized Boolean function for the variable m is:
andare two adjacent variables, { pi1,π2,...,πhAnd phi1,φ2,...,φkRandomly divide {1,2, …, m } into two parts, and satisfy h + k ═ m, where k is chosen according to the desired structureThe size of the sequence set is determined, and if the structure containing the sequence is 2kThen we take its corresponding k value. Record asAndZ2 hand Z2 kRepresenting a binary vector space, pi represents a permutation of the integer {1,2, … m }, i0,i1,...,ik-1Is a binary representation of i and is,giand gi' respectively in a finite fieldAndthe vector of (a);
the expression of the generalized boolean function encompasses all possible cases, we need to take the functions we can use by conditional constraints, as follows:
under different conditions, the generalized Boolean function has different offsets, the offsets under different conditions are limited and calculated;
definition c ═ (c)1,c2,...,ck)∈{0,1}kFor a fixed binary word of length k, a limited offset is defined as s(p)(y | c),1 ≦ p ≦ q-1 and the common pair difference μ (y | c), there are generally three different cases that give different offset choices for different conditions:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing any number in the space of the quaternary vector, thereby obtaining an offset s(p)(x) Comprises the following steps:whereinWhen z is equal to c, δ will bec(z) is defined as a value of 1, otherwise it is defined as 0;
the offset amount is within a selectable range as long as one of the above three cases is satisfied. Since they all satisfy the property that the autocorrelation function is zero, they can play a role in suppressing the peak-to-average ratio.
HandleThe offset is substituted into the following expression to obtain q conditional functional expressions
a(p)(x)=f(x)+s(p)(x)
The third step:
due to 4qThe sequence on the QAM constellation can be regarded as a weighted sum of q QPSK sequences, which can be obtained with a weight ratio of 1:2: …:2q. Let the p-th sequence be defined as A(p)Wherein p is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to q-1 and q is more than or equal to 2. Then normalized 4 can beq-QAM sequence represented as
And substituting q QPSK sequences corresponding to the q conditional function expressions obtained in the step two into the above expression to obtain a normalized sequence B. Since we only perform vector operation and do not affect the properties, the sequence B obtained by calculation also has the effect of suppressing the peak-to-average ratio.
The fourth step:
repeating the second step and the third step to calculate a plurality of sequences B, gathering the sequences and using the sequence set as a transmission channel. The peak-to-average ratio of the signal transmitted in the sequence set can be effectively suppressed.
Constructing a plurality of normalized sequences B to obtain a sequence set, wherein the expression of the sequence set is as follows:z has a value of
Where t is the traversal of k binary sequences, i.e. t ═ t (t)1,t2,...,tk)∈{0,1}kThen the complex-valued sequence of the generalized Boolean function f (x) isThe value of H is 4, and the like,on representation ξTo the power of, whereinIs a binary representation of the variable x in f (x), resulting in 2kA sequence of bar QAMs.
For ease of understanding, we exemplify the form of the last given sequence set B in a matrix. When we limited the number of its sequence sets to 4, the form of the resulting sequence set is as follows.
Where the first subscript represents the number within the sequence set and the second subscript represents the definition and segmentation thereof under construction.
The invention uses a method for constructing a plurality of sequences in the OFDM system to reduce the peak-to-average ratio of the underwater acoustic communication data of multiple carriers in the transmission process, compared with the prior art, the number of the given sequence sets is enough, and the purpose that the information is transmitted under the specified condition is achieved. The method does not increase the complexity of the OFDM system, and the implementation of the scheme is inevitably advocated at present when the underwater acoustic communication equipment pursues light weight and miniaturization. Secondly, the method for constructing the transmission sequence does not cause additional distortion to signals and increase the complexity of the OFDM system, and not only can increase the adaptability of the OFDM system to severe channel conditions, but also can greatly reduce the construction cost of the system.
The above embodiment is an embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-carrier-based underwater acoustic communication peak-to-average power ratio suppression method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data needing to be transmitted;
s2, constructing a sequence set of the underwater acoustic communication data of the transmission multi-carrier;
s21, passage length of 2mSequence A of (2) determining a generalized BooleanThe variable m of the function;
s22, outputting a length of 2 by the generalized Boolean function of the variable mmDefining a sequence on QPSK, calculating a function meeting conditions for a generalized Boolean function of each variable m, and obtaining a plurality of functions with the length of 2 through a plurality of functions meeting the conditionsmThe QPSK sequence of (a);
s23, setting the length of the multiple strips as 2mMapping of QPSK sequences from quadrature phase shift keying QPSK to quadrature amplitude modulation 4qOn QAM, resulting in a strip of length 2mSequence B of (a);
s24, repeating the steps S22 and S23 to obtain a plurality of strips with the length of 2mBy a plurality of length 2B sequencesmConstructing a sequence set by the B sequence;
and S3, transmitting the multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication data by using the sequence set.
2. The method for suppressing the peak-to-average power ratio in the multi-carrier based underwater acoustic communication of claim 1, wherein the function meeting the condition in the step S22 is calculated by:
the generalized Boolean function for the variable m is:
andare two adjacent variables, { pi1,π2,...,πhAnd phi1,φ2,...,φkDivide {1,2, …, m } into two parts randomly, and satisfy h + k ═ m, denoted as mAndZ2 hand Z2 kRepresenting a binary vector space, pi represents a permutation of the integer {1,2, … m }, i0,i1,...,ik-1Is a binary representation of i and is,giand gi' respectively in a finite fieldAndthe vector of (a);
under different conditions, the generalized Boolean function has different offsets, the offsets under different conditions are limited and calculated;
definition c ═ (c)1,c2,...,ck)∈{0,1}kFor a fixed binary word of length k, a limited offset is defined as s(p)(y | c),1 ≦ p ≦ q-1 and the common pairing difference μ (y | c), there are three different cases that give different offset choices for different conditions:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing any number in the space of the quaternary vector, thereby obtaining an offset s(p)(x) Comprises the following steps:whereinWhen z is equal to c, δ will bec(z) is defined as a value of 1, otherwise is defined as a value of 0;
handleThis offset is substituted into the following equation, resulting in a conditional functional expression:
a(p)(x)=f(x)+s(p)(x)
repeating q times to obtain q eligible functions a(p)(x)。
3. The method for suppressing the peak-to-average power ratio in the multi-carrier based underwater acoustic communication according to claim 2, wherein the specific method in step S23 is as follows: modulating the quadrature amplitude 4q-the sequences on the QAM constellation are regarded as a weighted sum of q QPSK sequences, resulting in a weight ratio of 1:2: …:2qLet the pth sequence be defined as A(p)Wherein p is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to q-1 and q is more than or equal to 2, then 4 is normalizedq-QAM sequence represented asGetAccording to q eligible functions a(p)(x) Q QPSK sequences are obtained, and are respectively brought into 4 normalizedq-obtaining a normalized sequence B in the formula of QAM sequences, and constructing a plurality of normalized sequences B into the obtained sequence set.
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CN108429591A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-08-21 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of multicarrier underwater acoustic communication method suitable for deep-sea channel |
CN109547377A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-03-29 | 唐山照澜海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of reduction multicarrier underwater acoustic communication system peak-to-average ratio method for improving companding transform receiving end |
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