CN111245399B - Design method and device of filter for suppressing narrow-band interference - Google Patents
Design method and device of filter for suppressing narrow-band interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method and a device of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, comprising the following steps: acquiring a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth; setting constraint conditions according to preset interference frequency and preset suppression bandwidth; calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to constraint conditions; obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter; according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter; obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters; the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in a pole-zero mode, and the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is simple in design structure and high in running speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of digital signal processing, in particular to a design method and a device of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference.
Background
In digital communication systems or digital signal processing applications, other frequencies of the useful signal are preserved by filtering out the interference of narrowband signals or sinusoidal signals. Wave limiting filters are currently used to filter out interference. The wave limiting filter is divided into a real wave limiting filter and a complex wave limiting filter according to the real signal and the complex signal. The filters are classified into FIR (Finite Impulse Response ) filters and complex finite wave IIR (Infinite Impulse Response ) filters according to the length of impulse response of the filters. Since the FIR filter has a higher order than the complex-limited IIR filter, the complex-limited IIR filter is generally used to filter out interference.
However, when the complex wave-limiting IIR filter is adopted to filter interference, the structure of the traditional complex wave-limiting IIR filter is complex, and the operation speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for designing a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, wherein the complex wave-limiting IIR filter has a simple design structure and a high operation speed.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, where the method includes:
acquiring a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth;
setting constraint conditions according to the preset interference frequency and the preset suppression bandwidth;
calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to the constraint conditions;
obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer;
obtaining the transfer function of an M-order complex limited wave infinite impulse response IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters;
wherein the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in the form of a zero pole.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for designing a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, the device including:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire an interference frequency and a suppression bandwidth;
a setting unit configured to set a constraint condition according to the interference frequency and the suppression bandwidth;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the constraint conditions;
the second acquisition unit is used for obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer;
the third acquisition unit is used for obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave infinite impulse response IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filters;
wherein the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in the form of a zero pole.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method and a device of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, comprising the following steps: acquiring a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth; setting constraint conditions according to preset interference frequency and preset suppression bandwidth; calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to constraint conditions; obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter; according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter; obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters; the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in a pole-zero mode, and the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is simple in design structure and high in running speed.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude-frequency response of a complex-limited-wave IIR filter;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a design method of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a complex wave-limiting IIR filter according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an amplitude-frequency response of a complex-limited-wave IIR filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a design apparatus of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Icon:
1-an acquisition unit; 2-setting unit; 3-a first calculation unit; 4-a second acquisition unit; 5-a third acquisition unit; 6-fourth acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
At present, the complex wave-limiting IIR filter is designed by adopting the following method, which comprises the following specific steps:
let the transfer function of the complex wave-limiting IIR filter be:
wherein H (z) is the transfer function of the complex wave-limiting IIR filter, and A (z) is the complex all-pass filter.
The definition of the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter is shown with reference to formula (2):
wherein a is k Is a plurality of the components of the liquid crystal display,
is a as k Conjugation of a) k And->
Filter coefficients called a (z), where a k Can be expressed as shown in equation (2), where j is an imaginary unit.
Referring to the amplitude-frequency response diagram, ω, of the complex-limited-wave IIR filter shown in fig. 1 k (k=1, 2, …, M) represents the limiting frequency of the M-order complex limiting IIR filter, and specifically refers to formula (4):
wherein BW is k Is the suppression bandwidth of the complex wave-limiting IIR filter.
Let the phase-frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter be θ (ω), obtain the phase-frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to equation (2) and equation (3), specifically refer to equation (5):
the arrangement of the formula (5) can be obtained:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
α＝(θ(ω)+Mω)/2 (7)
the constraint is referred to by the following formula:
θ(ω 0 )＝θ(0)＝0 (8)
θ(ω k )＝-(2k-1)π,k＝1,2,…,M (10)
substituting 2M+1 constraint conditions in the formula (8), the formula (9) and the formula (10) into the formula (6) to obtain 2M+1 equations, thereby obtaining coefficients of the 2M+1 complex all-pass filters
Substituting the coefficients into the formula (2) to obtain the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, and substituting the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter into the formula (1) to obtain the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter.
From the above, it follows that in the case of 2m+1 equations, there may be a unique solution or an infinite solution to the system of equations at this time. When the equation set has infinite solutions, the coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter are obtained through the calculation method. Obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer; according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is obtained, the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is simple in design and high in running speed.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present embodiment, the following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail.
Embodiment one:
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a design method of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the method includes the steps of:
step S101, obtaining a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth;
step S102, constraint conditions are set according to preset interference frequency and preset suppression bandwidth;
in this application, different constraints can be set, including formula (11) in addition to formula (8), formula (9) and formula (10).
Different constraints refer to table 1:
wherein, method 1, method 2 and method 3 are all 2M+1 constraints, and method 4 is 3M+1 constraints. In addition, equation (6) is an overdetermined equation set, which is expressed in a matrix form, specifically referring to equation (12):
Ga＝P (12)
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
α n ＝(θ(ω n )+Mω n )/2,n＝0,1,…,3M (16)
step S103, calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to constraint conditions;
step S104, obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer;
step S105, according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter;
step S106, according to the transfer functions of M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters, obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters;
wherein the transfer function of the M-order complex-limited wave IIR filter is represented in the form of a pole-zero. The M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter designed by the method has the advantages of simple structure and high running speed.
Further, step S103 includes the steps of:
step S201, obtaining a phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to a transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter and coefficients of the transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter;
step S202, obtaining an overdetermined equation set according to a phase frequency response function of an M-order complex all-pass filter, and representing the overdetermined equation set in a matrix form;
and step S203, calculating a least square solution of an overdetermined equation set expressed in a matrix form to obtain coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
Specifically, the least squares solution of equation (12) is calculated, resulting in coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter:
a＝(G T G) -1 G T P (20)
further, the method comprises the following steps:
step S301, a weighting matrix is obtained;
step S302, calculating a least square solution of an overdetermined equation set and a weighting matrix expressed in a matrix form to obtain coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
Specifically, the weighting matrix W may refer to formula (21):
wherein w is n N=0, 1, …,3M are weighting coefficients that can be used to characterize the importance of the corresponding equation in equation (12). In practical application, the weighting coefficient can be set according to practical requirements.
Using the weighting matrix, there are:
WGa＝WP (22)
solving the formula (22) to obtain a least squares solution as:
a＝(G T W T WG) -1 G T W T WP (23)
where a is the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter. Substituting the coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter into the formula (1) and the formula (2) to obtain a transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter, wherein the transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter is expressed in the form of a zero pole, and the specific reference is formula (24):
further, step S105 includes:
calculating a transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter according to formula (24):
wherein H (z) is the transfer function of an M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter, z 1 、z 2 …z M Is zero point, p 1 、p 2 …p M The pole, M is the order, and k is the gain.
Further, step S106 includes:
the transfer functions of the M cascaded first order filters are calculated according to equation (25):
wherein H is m (z) is the transfer function of the first-order filter, k is the gain, M is the order, H (z) is the transfer function of the M-order complex-limited-wave IIR filter, z m Is zero point, p m Is a pole.
Thus, the transfer function of an M-order complex limited wave IIR filter may be implemented with the transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters, with particular reference to fig. 3.
The interference frequency is set as follows: omega 1 ＝-0.4π，ω 2 ＝-0.1π，ω 3 ＝0.3π，ω 4 =0.35 pi; the suppression bandwidth is bw=0.001 pi, bw=0.002 pi, bw=0.003 pi, bw=0.001 pi. Wherein the weighting coefficients are all 1.
The coefficient of the complex all-pass filter is calculated by adopting the constraint condition corresponding to the method 4, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a 0 ＝1.0000-0.2358j，a 1 ＝-2.4006+0.1007j，a 2 ＝3.1534+0.0171j，
a 3 ＝-2.3834-0.1233j，a 4 =0.9871+0.2413j. The amplitude-frequency response of the complex limited wave IIR filter corresponding to the coefficients of the complex all-pass filter is shown with reference to fig. 4.
The pole-zero representation of the transfer function of an M-order complex-limited IIR filter is as follows:
k＝0.9945-0.0040j，
z 1 ＝0.3090-0.9511j，z 2 ＝0.9511-0.3090j，z 3 ＝0.5878+0.8090j，
z 4 ＝0.4540+0.8910j，
p 1 ＝0.3076-0.9466j，p 2 ＝0.9496-0.3085j，p 3 ＝0.5868+0.8078j，
p 4 =0.4526+0.8882 j. By acquiring the above parameter values, the structure of the complex-limited-wave IIR filter can be obtained, with specific reference to fig. 3.
Embodiment two:
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a design apparatus of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus includes:
an acquiring unit 1, configured to acquire a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth;
a setting unit 2, configured to set constraint conditions according to a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth;
a first calculation unit 3 for calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to constraint conditions;
a second obtaining unit 4, configured to obtain a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter, where M is a positive integer;
a third obtaining unit 5, configured to obtain a transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
a fourth obtaining unit 6, configured to obtain transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to transfer functions of M-order complex limited wave IIR filters;
wherein the transfer function of the M-order complex-limited wave IIR filter is represented in the form of a pole-zero.
Further, the first computing unit 3 is specifically configured to:
obtaining a phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter and the coefficient of the transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter;
obtaining an overdetermined equation set according to the phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, and expressing the overdetermined equation set in a matrix form;
and calculating a least square solution of an overdetermined equation set expressed in a matrix form to obtain coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
Further, the device further comprises:
a fifth acquisition unit (not shown) for acquiring a weight matrix;
a second calculation unit (not shown) for calculating a least squares solution of the set of overdetermined equations and the weighting matrix expressed in a matrix form, resulting in coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method and a device of a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, comprising the following steps: acquiring a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth; setting constraint conditions according to preset interference frequency and preset suppression bandwidth; calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to constraint conditions; obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter; according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter; obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters; the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in a pole-zero mode, and the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is simple in design structure and high in running speed.
The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the steps of the design method of the filter for suppressing the narrow-band interference provided by the embodiment when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a computer readable medium having a non-volatile program code executable by a processor, the computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of the method for designing a filter to suppress narrowband interference of the above embodiments.
The computer program product provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a computer readable storage medium storing a program code, where instructions included in the program code may be used to perform the method described in the foregoing method embodiment, and specific implementation may refer to the method embodiment and will not be described herein.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described system and apparatus may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
In addition, in the description of embodiments of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of designing a filter that suppresses narrowband interference, the method comprising:
acquiring a preset interference frequency and a preset suppression bandwidth;
setting constraint conditions according to the preset interference frequency and the preset suppression bandwidth;
calculating coefficients of an M-order complex all-pass filter according to the constraint conditions;
obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer;
obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters;
wherein, the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in the form of zero poles;
the calculating the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the constraint condition comprises the following steps:
obtaining a phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to a transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter and coefficients of the transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter;
obtaining an overdetermined equation set according to the phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, and expressing the overdetermined equation set in a matrix form;
calculating a least square solution of an overdetermined equation set expressed in the matrix form to obtain coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
the obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter comprises:
calculating the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter according to the following formula:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter>
Is zero (is->
Is pole, M is order, +.>
Is gain;
the obtaining transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filters comprises the following steps:
the transfer functions of the M cascaded first order filters are calculated according to the following equation:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the first order filteringTransfer function of wave device->
For the gain, M is the order, ">
For the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter>
For the zero point, ++>
Is the pole.
2. The method for designing a filter for suppressing narrowband interference according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a weighting matrix;
and calculating the least square solution of the overdetermined equation set expressed in the matrix form and the weighting matrix to obtain the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
3. A device for designing a filter for suppressing narrowband interference, said device comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring preset interference frequency and preset suppression bandwidth;
the setting unit is used for setting constraint conditions according to the preset interference frequency and the preset suppression bandwidth;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the constraint conditions;
the second acquisition unit is used for obtaining a transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter, wherein M is a positive integer;
the third acquisition unit is used for obtaining the transfer function of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filter according to the transfer function of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain transfer functions of M cascaded first-order filters according to the transfer functions of the M-order complex limited wave IIR filters;
wherein, the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter is expressed in the form of zero poles;
the first computing unit is specifically configured to:
obtaining a phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter according to a transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter and coefficients of the transfer function of the predefined M-order complex all-pass filter;
obtaining an overdetermined equation set according to the phase frequency response function of the M-order complex all-pass filter, and expressing the overdetermined equation set in a matrix form;
calculating a least square solution of an overdetermined equation set expressed in the matrix form to obtain coefficients of the M-order complex all-pass filter;
the third obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
calculating the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter according to the following formula:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter>
Is zero (is->
Is pole, M is order, +.>
Is gain;
the fourth acquisition unit is specifically configured to:
the transfer functions of the M cascaded first order filters are calculated according to the following equation:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the transfer function of the first order filter, -/-, is provided>
For the gain, M is the order, ">
For the transfer function of the M-order complex wave-limiting IIR filter>
For the zero point, ++>
Is the pole.
4. A filter design apparatus for suppressing narrowband interference as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
a fifth acquisition unit configured to acquire a weighting matrix;
and the second calculation unit is used for calculating the least square solution of the overdetermined equation set expressed in the matrix form and the weighting matrix to obtain the coefficient of the M-order complex all-pass filter.
5. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of claim 1 or 2 when executing the computer program.
6. A computer readable medium having non-volatile program code executable by a processor, the program code causing the processor to perform the method of claim 1 or 2.
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