CN111245285A - Friction generator, manufacturing method thereof and power generation method - Google Patents
Friction generator, manufacturing method thereof and power generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111245285A CN111245285A CN202010227185.5A CN202010227185A CN111245285A CN 111245285 A CN111245285 A CN 111245285A CN 202010227185 A CN202010227185 A CN 202010227185A CN 111245285 A CN111245285 A CN 111245285A
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction generator, a manufacturing method thereof and a power generation method, wherein an electret is added in the friction generator, one friction structure comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer, so that the electret can adjust the charge quantity carried on the surface of the friction layer, and further can adjust the size of an electric signal output by the generator, thereby realizing the adjustment of the output performance of the friction generator, adapting to the requirements of different application scenes and expanding the application range of the friction generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano new energy, in particular to a friction generator, a manufacturing method thereof and a power generation method.
Background
The friction nanometer generator is a device which can collect mechanical energy in life and convert the mechanical energy into electric energy to drive an electronic device to normally work, and the friction nanometer generator has small volume and light weight, so that the weight of the electronic device can be greatly reduced, and the design of portability is realized.
However, the output of the tribo-nanogenerator is small, for example, the output current is only in the order of nano-amperes or micro-amperes, which limits the practical application of the tribo-nanogenerator in electronic devices.
Therefore, how to adjust the output performance of the friction nano-generator is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a friction generator, a manufacturing method thereof and a power generation method, which are used for adjusting the output performance of the friction nano generator.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a friction generator, including an electret and a generator;
the generator comprises two friction structures, wherein the two friction structures are contacted and separated under the action of an external force to output an electric signal;
one of the friction structures comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the electret is used for adjusting the magnitude of the electric signal output by the generator.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the generator is a generator with a dual-electrode structure, and the electret is disposed in any one of the friction structures;
or, the generator is a generator with a single electrode structure, and the generator comprises: a first friction structure and a second friction structure, the first friction structure comprising: the electret touch screen comprises a first friction layer and a first electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first electrode layer is electrically connected with a grounding terminal, and the electret is arranged between the first friction layer and the first electrode layer.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the friction layer is made of an insulating material with a strong negative charge-absorbing capability;
the electret includes: a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, the first surface having a positive charge and the second surface having a negative charge;
the first surface is in direct contact with the first friction layer, the electret for: increasing the electrical signal output by the generator; or, the second surface is in direct contact with the first friction layer, the electret for: reducing the electrical signal output by the generator.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the electret includes: a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, the first surface comprising charged particles having positively charged functional groups and the second surface comprising charged particles having negatively charged functional groups;
the diameter of the charged particles is 10 to 100 nm.
Alternatively, in an embodiment of the present invention, the charged particles with positively charged functional groups are: carbon nanotube particles modified by polyethyleneimine, silica particles modified by polyethyleneimine or iron oxide particles modified by polyethyleneimine;
the charged particles with negatively charged functional groups are: acidified carbon nanotube particles, carboxylated silica particles, or carboxylated titania particles.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the electret is 100 to 1000 micrometers.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the friction generator, where the method includes:
manufacturing an electret;
respectively manufacturing two friction structures; wherein at least one of the friction structures comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer;
combining two of the friction structures to form the friction generator.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing an electret specifically includes:
manufacturing a template; wherein the template comprises: a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure disposed opposite to each other, and an annular spacer structure disposed between the first conductive structure and the second electrode;
preparing a composite solution including charged particles having a positively charged functional group and charged particles having a negatively charged functional group;
injecting the composite solution into the annular interval structure of the template, performing electrophoresis and curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution to obtain a cured film, and determining the cured film as the electret;
and taking the electret out of the template.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, performing electrophoresis and curing on the template into which the composite solution is injected specifically includes:
applying a preset voltage to the template injected with the composite solution to perform electrophoresis treatment so that the charged particles with the positively charged functional groups and the charged particles with the negatively charged functional groups move to the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure respectively;
and after the electrophoresis treatment is carried out for a preset time, carrying out curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution, and continuously applying the preset voltage on the template injected with the composite solution to carry out electrophoresis treatment.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power generation method, including:
providing the friction generator according to the embodiment of the present invention;
applying an external force to the friction generator to enable the two friction structures to be in contact and separated under the action of the external force;
and outputting the electric signal.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the friction generator, the manufacturing method and the power generation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electret is added in the friction generator, one friction structure comprises the friction layer and the electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer, so that the electret can adjust the electric charge quantity carried on the surface of the friction layer, and further the size of an electric signal output by the generator can be adjusted, and therefore, the output performance of the friction generator can be adjusted to meet the requirements of different application scenes, and the application range of the friction generator is expanded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another friction generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the working principle corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another operating principle corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of a generator with a single electrode structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a generator with a dual-electrode structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the working principle corresponding to FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another operating principle corresponding to FIG. 2;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a friction generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method of making an electret according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the electret fabrication principle;
fig. 12 is a flowchart of a power generation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a 10-electret, a 20-generator, a 21-friction structure, a first friction structure, a 22-friction structure, a second friction structure, a 21 a-first friction layer, a 21B-first electrode layer, a 22 a-second friction layer, a 22B-second electrode layer, a B1-first surface, a B2-second surface, an M1-first conductive structure, an M2-second conductive structure, an M3-annular spacing structure and an R-electret.
Detailed Description
A friction generator, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for generating power according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a triboelectric generator, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, which may include an electret 10 and a generator 20;
wherein, the generator 20 comprises two friction structures (such as 21 and 22), which are contacted and separated under the action of external force to output electric signals;
one of the friction structures includes a friction layer (e.g., 21a or 22a) and an electrode layer (e.g., 21b and 22b) opposite to each other, the electret 10 is disposed between the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the electret 10 is used for adjusting the magnitude of the electric signal output by the generator 20.
In the embodiment of the invention, the electret 10 is added in the friction generator, one friction structure comprises the friction layer and the electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret 10 is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer, so that the electret 10 can adjust the charge quantity carried on the surface of the friction layer, and further can adjust the size of an electric signal output by the generator 20, thereby realizing the adjustment of the output performance of the friction generator, adapting to the requirements of different application scenes and expanding the application range of the friction generator.
In specific implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, the structural configuration of the generator 20 may include the following cases:
in case 1, the generator is a single-electrode generator.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the generator 20 includes: a first friction structure 21 and a second friction structure 22, the first friction structure 21 comprising: a first friction layer 21a and a first electrode layer 21b which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first electrode layer 21b is electrically connected with a ground terminal GND;
at this time, the electret 10 is disposed between the first friction layer 21a and the first electrode layer 21 b.
In this way, the amount of charge (or the density of charge) on the surface of the first friction layer 21a can be adjusted by the electret 10 to adjust the magnitude of the electrical signal output by the generator 20 having a single-electrode structure, thereby adjusting the output performance of the friction generator.
Alternatively, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the electret 10 may include: a first surface B1 and a second surface B2 which are opposite, wherein the first surface B1 has positive charges, and the second surface B2 has negative charges;
if the friction layer is made of an insulating material with strong negative charge-absorbing capability, that is, the first friction layer 21a is made of an insulating material with strong negative charge-absorbing capability, then:
the first surface B1 is in direct contact with the first friction layer 21a (as shown in fig. 3), and the electret 10 functions to: increasing the electrical signal output by the generator 20;
alternatively, the second surface B2 is in direct contact with the first friction layer 21a (as shown in FIG. 4), and the electret 10 is configured to: reducing the electrical signal output by the generator 20.
To explain the adjusting function of the electret 10 on the output performance of the friction generator, the operating principle of the generator 20 with a single-electrode structure is first explained, and specifically includes:
referring to fig. 5, the second friction structure 22 includes only the second friction layer 22a, but of course, the second friction structure may further include a second electrode layer (not shown) opposite to the second friction layer, which is not limited herein; the first friction layer 21a may be made of an insulating material with strong negative charge absorption capability, and the second friction layer 22a may be made of an insulating material with strong positive charge absorption capability, in this case:
the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a under the action of external force, so that negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21a under the action of electrostatic induction, as shown in the state i in fig. 5;
when the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to separate under the action of an external force, an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the ground terminal GND due to the negative charge on the surface of the first friction layer 21a, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the ground terminal GND, so as to output an electric signal (as in state ii in fig. 5) to the outside until in state iii in fig. 5, the output electric signal reaches a peak value;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to approach each other by an external force, and also by electrostatic induction, electrons can return to the first electrode layer 21b from the ground GND, so as to return to the i state in fig. 5.
Therefore, the generator 20 can output an ac signal by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a under the external force, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Referring to fig. 3, the working principle of the electret 10 for adjusting the output performance of the friction generator when the first surface B1 is in direct contact with the first friction layer 21a specifically includes:
under the action of external force, the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a, under the action of electrostatic induction, negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a, and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21 a; however, since the first friction layer 21a is in contact with the first surface B1 and the first surface B1 has positive charges, the first surface B1 can induce negative charges to the first friction layer 21a, so that the first friction layer 21a has more negative charges and the second friction layer 22a has more positive charges, as shown in the i state in fig. 3, thereby increasing the charge density of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22 a;
when the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to separate under the action of an external force, an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the ground terminal GND due to the negative charge on the surface of the first friction layer 21a, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the ground terminal GND, so as to output an electric signal (as in state ii in fig. 3) to the outside until in state iii in fig. 3, the output reaches a peak value; since the first friction layer 21a has more negative charges, more electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the ground GND, so that the output electrical signal is larger than that of the structure of fig. 5;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to approach each other under the action of the external force, and also under the action of the electrostatic induction, more electrons can return to the first electrode layer 21b from the ground GND to return to the i state in fig. 3.
Therefore, in the structure shown in fig. 3, compared with the structure shown in fig. 5, under the action of an external force, the electric signal output by the generator 20 can be increased by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a and the action of the electret 10, so that the mechanical energy is converted into more electric energy, and the output performance of the friction generator is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, the working principle of the electret 10 for adjusting the output performance of the friction generator when the second surface B2 is in direct contact with the first friction layer 21a specifically includes:
under the action of external force, the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a, under the action of electrostatic induction, negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a, and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21 a; however, since the first friction layer 21a is in contact with the second surface B2 and the second surface B2 has negative charges, the second surface B2 can induce positive charges to the first friction layer 21a, and the positive charges can be offset with the negative charges, so that the negative charges of the first friction layer 21a are reduced and the positive charges of the second friction layer 22a are also reduced, as in the i state of fig. 4, thus reducing the charge density of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22 a;
when the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to separate under the action of an external force, an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the ground terminal GND due to the negative charge on the surface of the first friction layer 21a, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the ground terminal GND, so that an electric signal is output outwards (as shown in the state ii in fig. 4) until the output reaches the peak in the state iii in fig. 4; since the first friction layer 21a has a reduced density of negative charges, less electrons can be transferred from the first electrode layer 21b to the ground GND, so that an output electric signal is smaller than that of the structure of fig. 5;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to approach each other under the action of the external force, and also under the action of the electrostatic induction, so that less electrons can return to the first electrode layer 21b from the ground GND to return to the i state in fig. 4.
Therefore, in the structure shown in fig. 4, compared with the structure shown in fig. 5, the electric signal output from the generator 20 can be reduced by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a and the action of the electret 10 under the action of an external force, so that the mechanical energy is converted into less electric energy, and the output performance of the friction generator is reduced.
In summary, based on the above description of the working principle, it can be determined that: the output performance of the friction generator can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the electret 10, namely the surface of the electret 10 contacting with the first friction layer 21a, so that the arrangement position of the electret 10 can be set according to actual needs, the requirements of different application scenes can be met, and the application range can be expanded.
In case 2, the generator is a two-electrode generator.
In this case, the electret may be provided in any of the friction structures.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the generator 20 includes: a first friction structure 21 and a second friction structure 22, the first friction structure 21 comprising: a first friction layer 21a and a first electrode layer 21b opposed to each other, and a second friction structure 22 including: a second friction layer 22a and a second electrode layer 22b which are opposed to each other;
the electret may be disposed between the first friction layer and the first electrode layer (not shown), or the electret 10 may be disposed between the second friction layer 22a and the second electrode layer 22b (as shown in fig. 2).
In this regard, optionally, in an actual situation, the specific structure of the generator 20 with the dual-electrode structure is not limited to that shown in fig. 2, and the generator 20 with other structures may also be used, for example, but not limited to, a rotary generator 20, and the specific structure of the generator 20 with the dual-electrode structure may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited specifically herein.
In case 2, the specific structure of the electret can be referred to the description in the above, and repeated descriptions are omitted.
To explain the adjusting effect of the electret 10 on the output performance of the friction generator, first, the operating principle of the generator 20 with the two-electrode structure is explained, which specifically includes:
referring to fig. 6, if the first friction layer 21a can be made of an insulating material having a strong negative charge-attracting ability and the second friction layer 22a can be made of an insulating material having a strong positive charge-attracting ability, then:
the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a under the action of external force, so that negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21a under the action of electrostatic induction, as shown in the state i in fig. 6;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to separate under the action of an external force, and an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the second electrode layer 22b due to the negative charge on the surface of the first friction layer 21a and the positive charge on the surface of the second friction layer 22a, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the second electrode layer 22b, so that an electric signal (as shown in state ii in fig. 6) is output outwards until the electric signal reaches a peak value in state iii in fig. 6;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to approach each other by an external force, and electrons can return from the second electrode layer 22b to the first electrode layer 21b by electrostatic induction, so as to return to the i state in fig. 6.
Therefore, the generator 20 can output an ac signal by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a under the external force, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Referring to fig. 7, the working principle of the electret 10 for adjusting the output performance of the friction generator when the second surface B2 is in direct contact with the second friction layer 22a specifically includes:
under the action of external force, the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a, under the action of electrostatic induction, negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a, and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21 a; however, since the second friction layer 22a is in contact with the second surface B2 and the second surface B2 has negative charges, the second surface B2 can induce positive charges to the second friction layer 22a, so that the second friction layer 22a has more positive charges and the first friction layer 21a has more negative charges, as shown in the i state in fig. 7, thereby increasing the charge density of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22 a;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a begin to separate under the action of external force, and since the surface of the first friction layer 21a has negative charges and the surface of the second friction layer 22a has positive charges, an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the second electrode layer 22b, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the second electrode layer 22b, so as to output an electrical signal outwards (as shown in state ii in fig. 7); since the first friction layer 21a has more negative charges, more electrons can be transferred from the first electrode layer 21b to the second electrode layer 22b, so that the output electrical signal is larger than that of the structure of fig. 6;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a begin to approach each other under the action of the external force, and also under the action of the electrostatic induction, more electrons can return from the second electrode layer 22b to the first electrode layer 21b, so as to return to the i state in fig. 7.
Therefore, in the structure shown in fig. 7, compared to the structure shown in fig. 6, under the action of an external force, the electric signal output by the generator 20 can be increased by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a and the action of the electret 10, so that the mechanical energy is converted into more electric energy, and the output performance of the friction generator is improved.
Referring to fig. 8, the working principle of the electret 10 for adjusting the output performance of the friction generator when the first surface B1 is in direct contact with the second friction layer 22a specifically includes:
under the action of external force, the first friction layer 21a is contacted with the second friction layer 22a, under the action of electrostatic induction, negative charges are induced on the surface of the first friction layer 21a contacted with the second friction layer 22a, and positive charges are induced on the surface of the second friction layer 22a contacted with the first friction layer 21 a; however, since the second friction layer 22a is in contact with the first surface B1 and the first surface B1 has positive charges, the first surface B1 may induce negative charges to the second friction layer 22a, and the negative charges may be offset with the positive charges, so that the positive charges of the second friction layer 22a are reduced and the negative charges of the first friction layer 21a are also reduced, as in the i state of fig. 8, thereby reducing the charge density of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22 a;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a begin to separate under the action of external force, and since the surface of the first friction layer 21a has negative charges and the surface of the second friction layer 22a has positive charges, an induced potential difference can be formed between the first electrode layer 21b and the second electrode layer 22b, and in order to balance the induced potential difference, electrons can be transmitted from the first electrode layer 21b to the second electrode layer 22b, so as to output an electrical signal outwards (as shown in state ii in fig. 8); since the first friction layer 21a has a reduced density of negative charges, less electrons can be transferred from the first electrode layer 21b to the second electrode layer 22b, so that an output electric signal is smaller than that of the structure in fig. 6;
the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a start to approach each other under the action of the external force, and also under the action of the electrostatic induction, so that less electrons can return from the second electrode layer 22b to the first electrode layer 21b to return to the i state in fig. 8.
Therefore, in the structure shown in fig. 8, compared with the structure shown in fig. 6, the electric signal output from the generator 20 can be reduced by the contact and separation of the first friction layer 21a and the second friction layer 22a and the action of the electret 10 under the action of an external force, so that the mechanical energy is converted into less electric energy, and the output performance of the friction generator is reduced.
In summary, based on the above description of the working principle, it can be determined that: the output performance of the friction generator 20 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the electret 10, that is, the surface of the electret 10 in contact with the second friction layer 22a, so that the arrangement position of the electret 10 can be set according to actual needs, the requirements of different application scenes can be met, and the application range can be expanded.
In specific implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the first friction layer is made of an insulating material with a strong negative charge absorption capability, the insulating material with a strong negative charge absorption capability may be, but is not limited to, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyvinylidene fluoride, and of course, other insulating materials with a strong negative charge absorption capability may also be used, which is not limited herein.
Similarly, when the second friction layer is made of an insulating material with a strong positive charge absorption capability, the insulating material with a strong positive charge absorption capability may be, but is not limited to, nylon, silk, regenerated cotton, or paper, and of course, may also be another insulating material with a strong positive charge absorption capability or a weaker negative charge absorption capability, and is not limited herein.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the first friction layer may be 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers, and the thickness of the second friction layer may be 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers, so that the friction generator may have a light weight, and may also have a relatively stable output performance.
Of course, the thicknesses of the first friction layer and the second friction layer are not limited to the above ranges, and may be other ranges according to actual needs, and are not limited thereto.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, for the electrode layer, whether the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer is made of a conductive material, such as, but not limited to, metal copper or metal aluminum, which may be selected according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
In specific implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the electret includes: when the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged, the first surface comprises the charged particles with the functional groups with positive charges, and the second surface comprises the charged particles with the functional groups with negative charges;
the diameter of the charged particles is 10 nm to 100 nm.
Wherein optionally the diameter of the charged particles can also be set to 50 nm.
Therefore, the two surfaces of the electret can be provided with more charged particles respectively, and more charges can be induced on the surface of the friction layer contacted with the electret through the electret, so that the output performance of the friction generator can be effectively adjusted, the requirements of different application scenes are met, and the application range is expanded.
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, the charged particles bearing positively charged functional groups are: carbon nanotube particles modified by polyethyleneimine, silica particles modified by polyethyleneimine or iron oxide particles modified by polyethyleneimine;
the charged particles with negatively charged functional groups are: acidified carbon nanotube particles, carboxylated silica particles, or carboxylated titania particles.
Of course, in practical situations, the selection of the charged particles is not limited to the content described in the above, and can be selected and set according to practical needs to meet the needs of different application scenarios, so as to improve the flexibility of design.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the electret is 100 to 1000 micrometers.
Wherein the thickness of the electret may preferably also be set to 500 micrometers.
Therefore, the electret can effectively adjust the output performance of the friction generator, the overlarge thickness of the friction generator can be avoided, and the friction generator has the characteristics of light weight, portability and the like.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the friction generator, as shown in fig. 9, where the method includes:
s901, making an electret;
s902, respectively manufacturing two friction structures; wherein, at least one friction structure comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer;
the rubbing layer and the electrode layer may be formed in any manner known to those skilled in the art, and are not particularly limited thereto.
And S903, combining the two friction structures to form the friction generator.
In the case of combining two friction structures, any method known to those skilled in the art may be used, and is not particularly limited thereto.
Therefore, the friction generator excited by the electret can be obtained, the electric charge quantity carried on the surface of the friction layer can be adjusted through the electret, and then the size of an electric signal output by the generator can be adjusted, so that the output performance of the friction generator can be adjusted to meet the requirements of different application scenes, and the application range of the friction generator is expanded.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S901, the manufacturing of the electret may specifically include, as shown in fig. 10:
s1001, manufacturing a template; wherein, the template includes: the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are oppositely arranged, and the annular spacing structure is positioned between the first conductive structure and the second electrode;
for the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure, specific implementation manners may include the following:
mode 1:
optionally, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are made of conductive glass.
The conductive glass may be, but is not limited to, indium tin oxide conductive glass.
Mode 2:
optionally, an acrylic plate is used as a template, and then a conductive layer is formed on the surface of the acrylic plate to form the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure.
The specific manufacturing process may include:
cutting an acrylic plate with the thickness of 2 mm into two square plates with the thickness of 3cm multiplied by 3cm by adopting a laser cutting machine;
and respectively sticking conductive titanium foils (certainly, conductive copper foils or conductive aluminum foils and the like) to the two square acrylic plate blocks by using double-sided adhesive tapes (or other materials with bonding effect) to be used as electrodes to obtain a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure.
The annular spacer structure can be produced in the following manner:
a laser cutting machine is adopted to cut an acrylic plate with the thickness of 500 microns into a square ring with the inner side length of 1cm and the outer side length of 3cm, and an annular interval structure is obtained.
Of course, the annular spacer structure may be manufactured by other methods, which are only illustrated and not limited herein.
S1002, preparing a composite solution comprising charged particles with positively charged functional groups and charged particles with negatively charged functional groups;
wherein, the composite solution can be obtained by the following steps:
process 1: dissolving 1g of polyvinylidene fluoride nano particles in 10ml of N, N-dimethylformamide solvent, and stirring uniformly to obtain a solution A;
and (2) a process: and adding the charged particles with the positive charge functional groups and the charged particles with the negative charge functional groups into the solution A, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite solution.
In practical applications, the composite solution is not limited to the above-mentioned manner, and is only illustrated here, and may be other manners known to those skilled in the art, and is not limited herein.
S1003, injecting the composite solution into the annular interval structure of the template, performing electrophoresis and curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution to obtain a cured film, and determining the cured film as an electret;
and S1004, taking the electret out of the template.
Referring to fig. 11, the first conductive structure is denoted by M1, the second conductive structure is denoted by M2, and the annular spacer structure is denoted by M3, a composite solution may be injected into the annular spacer structure M3 and encapsulated by the first conductive structure M1 and the second conductive structure M2, and after electrophoresis and curing, a cured film, that is, an electret (denoted by R) may be obtained.
So, through above-mentioned process, can make and obtain the electret to follow-up preparation obtains the friction generator, thereby realizes adjusting the output performance of friction generator through the electret.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, in step S1003, performing electrophoresis and curing on the template into which the composite solution is injected specifically includes:
process 1: applying a preset voltage to the template injected with the composite solution to carry out electrophoresis treatment so as to enable the charged particles with the positive charge functional groups and the charged particles with the negative charge functional groups to respectively move towards the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure;
when the electrophoresis process is performed, a preset voltage may be applied to the template, and the preset voltage may be, but is not limited to: a dc power supply is used to provide 3V.
And (2) a process: and after the electrophoresis treatment is carried out for the preset time, carrying out curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution, and continuously applying a preset voltage to the template injected with the composite solution to carry out the electrophoresis treatment.
The preset time may be, but is not limited to: 1-2 hours.
That is, when the composite solution is subjected to electrophoresis and curing, first, a preset voltage is applied, and under the action of an electric field formed by the preset voltage, charged particles having a functional group with positive charge (temporarily referred to as positive particles) and charged particles having a functional group with negative charge (temporarily referred to as negative particles) in the solution move in opposite directions, that is, if the electric field is directed from the first conductive structure to the second conductive structure, the positive particles move to the second conductive structure, and the negative particles move to the first conductive structure.
After the electric field is applied for the preset time, the curing treatment is carried out, and meanwhile, the electric field is still applied in the curing treatment process, so that the composite solution is gradually cured, the phenomenon that the curing treatment is carried out when the electric field is applied at the beginning to generate large obstruction to the movement of charged particles can be avoided, a large amount of positive charged particles are gathered at one side close to the second conductive structure, a large amount of negative charged particles are gathered at one side close to the first conductive structure, and finally, the electret obtained after curing has a first surface with positive charges and a second surface with negative charges.
In the curing process, heating methods, ultraviolet irradiation methods, and other curing methods may be adopted, and any curing method that can achieve curing is within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power generation method, as shown in fig. 12, including:
s1201, providing the friction generator provided by the embodiment of the invention;
s1202, applying an external force to the friction generator to enable the two friction structures to be in contact and separated under the action of the external force;
and S1203, outputting an electric signal.
Therefore, under the action of applied external force, the output performance of the friction generator can be adjusted through the electret, the size of an electric signal output by the friction generator can be adjusted through the electret, and therefore the application range of the friction generator can be expanded while power generation through the friction generator is achieved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A triboelectric generator comprising an electret and an electric generator;
the generator comprises two friction structures, wherein the two friction structures are contacted and separated under the action of an external force to output an electric signal;
one of the friction structures comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer, and the electret is used for adjusting the magnitude of the electric signal output by the generator.
2. A triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a two-electrode structure generator, the electret being disposed in either of the friction structures;
or, the generator is a generator with a single electrode structure, and the generator comprises: a first friction structure and a second friction structure, the first friction structure comprising: the electret touch screen comprises a first friction layer and a first electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first electrode layer is electrically connected with a grounding terminal, and the electret is arranged between the first friction layer and the first electrode layer.
3. A triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the tribolayer is made of an insulating material with a strong negative charge-attracting capacity;
the electret includes: a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, the first surface having a positive charge and the second surface having a negative charge;
the first surface is in direct contact with the first friction layer, the electret for: increasing the electrical signal output by the generator; or, the second surface is in direct contact with the first friction layer, the electret for: reducing the electrical signal output by the generator.
4. A triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the electret comprises: a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, the first surface comprising charged particles having positively charged functional groups and the second surface comprising charged particles having negatively charged functional groups;
the diameter of the charged particles is 10 to 100 nm.
5. A triboelectric generator according to claim 4, wherein the charged particles carrying positively charged functional groups are: carbon nanotube particles modified by polyethyleneimine, silica particles modified by polyethyleneimine or iron oxide particles modified by polyethyleneimine;
the charged particles with negatively charged functional groups are: acidified carbon nanotube particles, carboxylated silica particles, or carboxylated titania particles.
6. A triboelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the electret has a thickness of 100 to 1000 microns.
7. A method of making a triboelectric generator according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
manufacturing an electret;
respectively manufacturing two friction structures; wherein at least one of the friction structures comprises a friction layer and an electrode layer which are oppositely arranged, and the electret is arranged between the friction layer and the electrode layer;
combining two of the friction structures to form the friction generator.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of making an electret comprises:
manufacturing a template; wherein the template comprises: a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure disposed opposite to each other, and an annular spacer structure disposed between the first conductive structure and the second electrode;
preparing a composite solution including charged particles having a positively charged functional group and charged particles having a negatively charged functional group;
injecting the composite solution into the annular interval structure of the template, performing electrophoresis and curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution to obtain a cured film, and determining the cured film as the electret;
and taking the electret out of the template.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of performing electrophoresis and curing on the template impregnated with the composite solution comprises:
applying a preset voltage to the template injected with the composite solution to perform electrophoresis treatment so that the charged particles with the positively charged functional groups and the charged particles with the negatively charged functional groups move to the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure respectively;
and after the electrophoresis treatment is carried out for a preset time, carrying out curing treatment on the template injected with the composite solution, and continuously applying the preset voltage on the template injected with the composite solution to carry out electrophoresis treatment.
10. A method of generating electricity, comprising:
providing a triboelectric generator according to any of claims 1-6;
applying an external force to the friction generator to enable the two friction structures to be in contact and separated under the action of the external force;
and outputting the electric signal.
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