CN111245020B - Double-fed wind power generation system and power generation method - Google Patents

Double-fed wind power generation system and power generation method Download PDF

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CN111245020B
CN111245020B CN202010169124.8A CN202010169124A CN111245020B CN 111245020 B CN111245020 B CN 111245020B CN 202010169124 A CN202010169124 A CN 202010169124A CN 111245020 B CN111245020 B CN 111245020B
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wind speed
fed
converter
switch module
grid
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CN111245020A (en
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张鲁华
俞庆
葛昊祥
马成斌
储开诚
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Shanghai Electric Wind Power Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Electric Wind Power Group Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-fed wind power generation system and a power generation method, wherein the double-fed wind power generation system comprises a double-fed motor, a transformer and a converter device; a stator coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a power grid, a rotor coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a primary coil of a transformer, and a secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the power grid through the converter device; and the transformer is used for boosting the voltage output by the converter device and supplying the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor when the current wind speed is less than a first preset wind speed or when the current wind speed is greater than a second preset wind speed. The invention can improve the output voltage of the converter at the machine side, ensure the effective control of the converter on the motor at higher rotating speed and lower rotating speed, ensure that the fan can be in a larger rotating speed range, namely a larger wind speed space, improve the adaptability of the fan to the working conditions of strong wind and weak wind and improve the utilization rate of the fan.

Description

Double-fed wind power generation system and power generation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronics and power transmission, in particular to a double-fed wind power generation system and a power generation method.
Background
The doubly-fed wind generator is a mainstream machine type of land wind power generation, and with large-scale installation and application, how to improve the wind energy interest rate becomes a research hotspot in the field of doubly-fed wind power generation.
In the prior art, a doubly-fed motor can be operated in a grid-connected mode, and the voltage required to be provided by a rotor port of the motor is as follows:
V r_pwm ＝|s|*V ro
wherein, V r_pwm -the rotor port voltage of the doubly fed machine; s- -slip; v ro -rotor open circuit voltage;
the rotor voltage of the doubly-fed machine is an open-circuit voltage V ro The product of the slip s. As the slip becomes larger (absolute slip ratio)The value is increased), the voltage which needs to be provided for the rotor port of the motor is increased to maintain the normal operation of the motor, so that the higher machine end voltage needs to be provided for the rotor port of the motor at lower wind speed and ultrahigh wind speed.
When the converter adopts an SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) control mode, the highest terminal line voltage peak value which can be provided by the rotor side converter for the rotor of the doubly-fed motor is V dc Wherein, V dc Is the dc bus voltage.
When the converter adopts an SPWM (pulse Width modulation) control mode, the highest terminal line voltage peak value which can be provided by the rotor-side converter for the rotor of the doubly-fed motor is
Figure BDA0002408542910000011
Therefore, the output capacity of the converter is limited by the voltage of the direct current bus, and if the fan is to operate at higher and lower rotating speeds (with larger slip) without other changes, the voltage of the direct current bus of the converter needs to be increased. However, in practical applications, the dc bus voltage cannot be increased infinitely, which is limited by the rating of the power device, and the boost space is limited, and when the wind speed is low or high, the wind turbine cannot be operated in a grid-connected mode because the converter cannot provide the required generator-side voltage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-fed wind power generation system and a double-fed wind power generation method, aiming at overcoming the defects of small rotating speed range and low wind energy utilization rate of the grid-connected operation of a double-fed motor in the prior art.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a double-fed wind power generation system comprises a double-fed motor, a transformer and a converter device;
a stator coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a power grid, a rotor coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a primary coil of a transformer, and a secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the power grid through the converter device; the turn ratio of the primary coil to the secondary coil is k: 1, k > 1;
the transformer is used for boosting the voltage output by the converter device and supplying the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor when the current wind speed is less than a first preset wind speed or when the current wind speed is greater than a second preset wind speed, wherein the second preset wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed.
Preferably, the turn ratio k is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002408542910000021
wherein s is the slip ratio of the doubly-fed motor corresponding to the first or second preset wind speed, V ro Is rotor open circuit voltage, V dc Is a DC bus voltage, k 0 For modulation factor, when the converter uses SVPWM modulation
Figure BDA0002408542910000022
When using SPWM modulation
Figure BDA0002408542910000023
Preferably, the converter device includes a rotor-side converter, a dc capacitor, and a grid-side converter, one end of the rotor-side converter is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, the other end of the rotor-side converter is connected to one end of the grid-side converter, the other end of the grid-side converter is connected to the grid, and the dc capacitor is disposed on a dc bus between the rotor-side converter and the grid-side converter.
Preferably, the doubly-fed wind power generation system includes a first switch module, one end of the first switch module is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, the other end of the first switch module is connected to one end of the converter device, and the other end of the converter device is connected to the grid.
Preferably, the doubly-fed wind power generation system includes a second switch module, one end of the second switch module is connected to the rotor coil, and the other end of the second switch module is connected to one end of the converter device.
Preferably, the double-fed wind power generation system further comprises a wind speed detection module and a control module;
the wind speed detection module is used for detecting the current wind speed; the control module is used for controlling the second switch module to be switched off and the first switch module to be switched on when the current wind speed is smaller than the first preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the double-fed motor;
the control module is further configured to control the second switch module to be turned on and the first switch module to be turned off when the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not greater than the second preset wind speed, and the power grid directly supplies power to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor through the converter device;
the control module is further used for controlling the second switch module to be switched off and the first switch module to be switched on when the current wind speed is larger than the second preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor.
A double-fed wind power generation method is based on the double-fed wind power generation system;
the doubly-fed wind power generation method comprises the following steps:
detecting the current wind speed;
if the current wind speed is lower than the first preset wind speed, the second switch module is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor;
if the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not greater than the second preset wind speed, controlling the second switch module to be closed and the first switch module to be disconnected, and directly supplying power to a rotor coil of the double-fed motor through the power grid by the converter device;
if the current wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed, the second switch module is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: according to the double-fed wind power generation system, the stator coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a power grid, the rotor coil of the double-fed motor is connected with the primary coil of the transformer, and the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the power grid through the current transformation device; when the transformer is switched in and operated, the voltage output capability of the machine side port of the converter device can be improved, the effective control of the converter on the generator is ensured, the fan can be used for grid-connected power generation in a wider rotating speed range, and the generating capacity of the fan is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a doubly-fed wind power generation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a doubly-fed wind power generation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a double-fed wind power generation system, as shown in fig. 1, the double-fed wind power generation system includes a double-fed motor 1, a transformer 2 and a converter 3;
a stator coil of the double-fed motor 1 is connected with a power grid, a rotor coil of the double-fed motor 1 is connected with a primary coil of a transformer 2, and a secondary coil of the transformer 2 is connected with the power grid through the converter 3; the turn ratio of the primary coil to the secondary coil is k: 1, k > 1;
the transformer 2 is configured to boost a voltage output by the converter 3 and supply the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1 when a current wind speed is less than a first preset wind speed or when the current wind speed is greater than a second preset wind speed, where the second preset wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed.
Specifically, the first preset wind speed may be a cut-in wind speed of the doubly-fed motor 1 during grid-connected operation, and when the unit operates in a wind speed state lower than the cut-in wind speed, the wind turbine generator is in a sub-synchronous operation state. The second preset wind speed can be a cut-out wind speed of the doubly-fed motor 1 in grid-connected operation, and when the unit works in a wind speed state higher than the cut-out wind speed, the wind turbine generator is in a super-synchronous operation state.
Preferably, the turn ratio k is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002408542910000051
wherein s is the slip of the doubly-fed motor corresponding to the first or second preset wind speed, V ro Is rotor open circuit voltage, V dc Is a DC bus voltage, k 0 For modulation factor, when the converter uses SVPWM modulation
Figure BDA0002408542910000052
When using SPWM modulation
Figure BDA0002408542910000053
In this embodiment, after the transformer 2 is added, the terminal voltage output capability of the converter 3 can be increased to kV dc . When the rotating speed of the fan is higher or lower, the absolute value of the slip ratio s is larger, and the rotor voltage V required by the motor rotor is larger at the moment r_pwm And after the terminal voltage output capability of the converter device 3 is improved, the converter device can provide higher voltage for the motor rotor, so that the effective control of the converter device 3 on the motor is completed. From the above formula, the turn ratio of the coil is determined by the DC bus voltage V dc Rotor openingLine voltage V ro The slip s is determined jointly. The turns ratio of the transformer coils may be determined based on the slip ratio of the motor operation desired by the user, under hardware-defined conditions.
Preferably, the transformer 2 may be a conventional power transformer, and a voltage conversion device formed by other technologies (such as a solid-state transformer, a power electronic conversion circuit, etc.) may also be used.
Preferably, the converter device 3 may include a rotor-side converter 31, a dc capacitor 32 and a grid-side converter 33, one end of the rotor-side converter 31 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 2, the other end of the rotor-side converter 31 is connected to one end of the grid-side converter 33, the other end of the grid-side converter 33 is connected to a grid, and the dc capacitor 32 is disposed on a dc bus between the rotor-side converter 31 and the grid-side converter.
In one particular application scenario, for example: when the energy flow direction is from the grid side to the rotor side, the grid-side converter 33 performs a rectification function, i.e., an ac-dc conversion process, the dc capacitor 32 is used to establish a dc voltage, and the rotor-side converter 31 performs an inversion function, i.e., a dc-ac conversion process, and then supplies ac to the rotor coil.
In another specific application scenario, for example: when the energy flow direction is from the rotor side to the grid side, the rotor-side converter 31 realizes a rectification function, i.e., an ac-dc conversion process, the dc capacitor 32 is used to realize establishment of a dc voltage, and the grid-side converter 33 realizes an inversion function, i.e., a dc-ac conversion process, and then supplies ac to the grid.
The double-fed wind power generation system provided by the embodiment can effectively improve the voltage output capacity of the machine side port of the converter, ensures the control capacity of the converter on the motor, enables the fan to be in grid-connected power generation operation within a wider grid-connected rotating speed range, ensures the normal power generation of the fan at a lower or higher wind speed, and improves the utilization rate of wind energy.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 provides a double-fed wind power generation system, which is a further improvement on the basis of the embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 2, the double-fed wind power generation system may further include a first switch module 4, one end of the first switch module 4 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 2, the other end of the first switch module 4 is connected to one end of the converter device 3, and the other end of the converter device 3 is connected to the power grid.
Further, the doubly-fed wind power generation system may further include a second switch module 5, one end of the second switch module 5 is connected to the rotor coil, and the other end of the second switch module 5 is connected to one end of the converter device 3.
Further, the double-fed wind power generation system further comprises a wind speed detection module 6 and a control module 7;
preferably, the wind speed detection module 6 may be an anemometer.
The wind speed detection module 6 is used for detecting the current wind speed; the control module 7 is configured to control the second switch module 5 to be turned off and the first switch module 4 to be turned on when the current wind speed is less than the first preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter 3, and the transformer 2 boosts the voltage output by the converter 3 and supplies the boosted voltage to the rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1;
the control module 7 is further configured to control the second switch module 5 to be closed and the first switch module 4 to be opened when the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not greater than the second preset wind speed, and the power grid directly supplies power to the rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1 through the converter device 3;
the control module 7 is further configured to control the second switch module 5 to be turned off and the first switch module 4 to be turned on when the current wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter 3, and the transformer 2 boosts the voltage output by the converter 3 and supplies the boosted voltage to the rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1.
The operation principle of the double-fed wind power generation system is as follows:
the double-fed wind power generation method comprises the following steps:
detecting the current wind speed;
if the current wind speed is less than the first preset wind speed, the second switch module 4 is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module 4 is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device 3, and the transformer 2 boosts the voltage output by the converter device 3 and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1;
if the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not greater than the second preset wind speed, controlling the second switch module 5 to be closed and the first switch module 4 to be opened, and directly supplying power to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1 through the power grid by using the converter device 3;
if the current wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed, the second switch module 5 is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module 4 is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device 3, and the transformer 2 boosts the voltage output by the converter device 3 and supplies the boosted voltage to the rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor 1.
In one non-limiting specific application scenario, for example: the synchronous speed of a double-fed motor 1 is n 1500r/min (revolution/minute), and the direct current bus voltage V dc 1050V, rotor open circuit voltage V ro When the transformer 2 is not used, the doubly-fed electric machine 1 has the lowest speed n of grid-connected operation, 2700V min And the highest grid-connected operation rotating speed n max Can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002408542910000071
Figure BDA0002408542910000072
after the power generation device and the method provided by the invention are adopted, a step-up transformer 2 with the step-up ratio k being 1.3 is connected in series between the rotor of the doubly-fed generator and the rotor-side converter 31,
the lowest grid-connected running speed n of the doubly-fed motor 1 min And the highest grid-connected operation rotating speed n max Can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002408542910000081
Figure BDA0002408542910000082
therefore, after the transformer is added, the rotating speed range of the grid-connected operation of the double-fed motor 1 is effectively expanded, the wind turbine can still be subjected to grid-connected power generation under the conditions of low wind speed and high wind speed, and the utilization rate of the wind turbine is effectively improved.
When the double-fed wind power generation system provided by the embodiment operates, the transformer 2 can be flexibly connected through the matching of the first switch module 4 and the second switch module 5, the capability of the wind turbine generator set for coping with wind speed changes is further enhanced, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The double-fed wind power generation system is characterized by comprising a double-fed motor, a transformer and a converter device;
a stator coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a power grid, a rotor coil of the double-fed motor is connected with a primary coil of a transformer, and a secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the power grid through the current transformation device; the turn ratio of the primary coil to the secondary coil is k: 1, k > 1;
the transformer is used for boosting the voltage output by the converter device and supplying the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor when the current wind speed is less than a first preset wind speed or when the current wind speed is greater than a second preset wind speed, wherein the second preset wind speed is greater than the first preset wind speed;
the first preset wind speed is a cut-in wind speed of the grid-connected operation of the double-fed motor, and the second preset wind speed is a cut-out wind speed of the grid-connected operation of the double-fed motor.
2. The doubly-fed wind power generation system of claim 1, wherein the turns ratio k is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003787278870000011
wherein s is the slip of the doubly-fed motor corresponding to the first or second preset wind speed, V ro Is rotor open circuit voltage, V dc Is a DC bus voltage, k 0 Is a modulation factor; when the converter adopts SVPWM modulation
Figure FDA0003787278870000012
When using SPWM modulation
Figure FDA0003787278870000013
3. The doubly-fed wind power generation system of claim 1, wherein said converter means comprises a rotor-side converter, a dc capacitor and a grid-side converter, one end of said rotor-side converter is connected to said secondary winding of said transformer, the other end of said rotor-side converter is connected to one end of said grid-side converter, the other end of said grid-side converter is connected to a grid, and said dc capacitor is disposed on a dc bus between said rotor-side converter and said grid-side converter.
4. The doubly-fed wind power generation system of any of claims 1-3, wherein the doubly-fed wind power generation system comprises a first switch module, one end of the first switch module is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, the other end of the first switch module is connected to one end of the converter, and the other end of the converter is connected to the grid.
5. The doubly-fed wind power generation system of claim 4, wherein said doubly-fed wind power generation system comprises a second switch module, one end of said second switch module being connected to said rotor winding, and the other end of said second switch module being connected to one end of said converter means.
6. The doubly-fed wind power generation system of claim 5, further comprising a wind speed detection module and a control module;
the wind speed detection module is used for detecting the current wind speed; the control module is used for controlling the second switch module to be switched off and the first switch module to be switched on when the current wind speed is smaller than the first preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the double-fed motor;
the control module is further configured to control the second switch module to be turned on and the first switch module to be turned off when the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not greater than the second preset wind speed, and the power grid directly supplies power to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor through the converter device;
the control module is further configured to control the second switch module to be turned off and the first switch module to be turned on when the current wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor.
7. A doubly-fed wind power generation method, characterized in that it is based on the doubly-fed wind power generation system of the preceding claim 5;
the double-fed wind power generation method comprises the following steps:
detecting the current wind speed;
if the current wind speed is lower than the first preset wind speed, the second switch module is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor;
if the current wind speed is not less than the first preset wind speed and not more than the second preset wind speed, controlling the second switch module to be closed and the first switch module to be disconnected, and directly supplying power to a rotor coil of the double-fed motor through the power grid through the converter device;
if the current wind speed is greater than the second preset wind speed, the second switch module is controlled to be switched off, the first switch module is controlled to be switched on, the power grid supplies power to the converter device, and the transformer boosts the voltage output by the converter device and supplies the boosted voltage to a rotor coil of the doubly-fed motor;
the first preset wind speed is a cut-in wind speed of the double-fed motor in grid-connected operation, and the second preset wind speed is a cut-out wind speed of the double-fed motor in grid-connected operation.
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