CN111241860A - Positioning and decoding method for arbitrary material annular code - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for positioning and decoding an annular code of any material, which belongs to the field of two-dimensional codes and comprises the following steps: inputting an image to be detected into a target detection model for identifying and positioning the annular code, returning coordinate information of the annular code, and intercepting the annular code image in the original image according to the coordinate information; preprocessing the annular code image, matching and screening locator materials input by a user and the annular code image to obtain and sort the locators, determining the positions of the correctors according to the locators, and correcting annular code deformation through perspective transformation and an optimization matrix algorithm; and identifying the coding points in the annular code and decoding according to the coding rule. The invention can decode the annular code with any material constitution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of two-dimensional codes, in particular to a method for positioning and decoding an annular code of any material.
Background
As a novel two-dimensional code, the annular code has unique characteristics such as specificity and flexible occupied area of codes compared with a commonly used QR code, a 'chrysanthemum code' of a WeChat applet and the like. However, the method has similar disadvantages to other two-dimensional codes, and the interface constructed by black and white dots is single, so that the personalized requirements of users cannot be met. The traditional two-dimensional code can form a simple pattern by means of redundant coding information, however, the design of the annular code eliminates the redundant coding to a great extent in order to ensure the flexibility of occupied space area. Correspondingly, the material of the annular code belongs to any type of icon, and the decoding algorithm is different from the general two-dimensional code identification decoding mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for positioning and decoding an annular code made of any material, which is used for decoding the annular code made of any material.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for positioning and decoding annular codes of any material comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the image to be detected into the target detection model to perform annular code identification and positioning, returning the coordinate information of the annular code, and intercepting the annular code image in the original image according to the coordinate information;
s2, preprocessing the annular code image, matching and screening the locator materials input by the user and the annular code image to obtain and sort the locators, determining the positions of the correctors according to the locators, and correcting the deformation of the annular code through perspective transformation and an optimization matrix algorithm;
and S3, identifying the coding points in the annular code and decoding according to the coding rule.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 is to preprocess the annular code image, and perform matching and screening on the locator material input by the user and the annular code image to obtain the locators and sort, and specifically includes the following steps:
carrying out filtering binarization processing on the annular code image;
extracting a connected region in the binary image, filtering the connected region with the area larger than or smaller than a threshold value, and filtering the contour with the abnormal length-width ratio;
performing multi-angle amplification on the locator image, making Knn comparison library, and performing Knn comparison on each material;
and judging whether the comparison result is greater than or equal to 3, if not, failing the positioning detection, and if so, performing similarity measurement on the candidate icons and selecting the final three positioning icons.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filtering binarization processing on the ring code image specifically means that a median filtering method is used to eliminate part of noise points of the image to be detected, an algorithm is used to perform image binarization processing, and the narrow connection of the material edge in the binarized image is disconnected through an open operation.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 determines the position of the correction symbol according to the position indicator, and the correcting the annular code deformation through the perspective transformation and optimization matrix algorithm specifically comprises
Clockwise judgment is carried out on the three locators, and image preprocessing is carried out on the initial correctors according to the rotation angle;
predicting three icons of the nearest correctors and carrying out similarity comparison;
and carrying out perspective transformation on the three locators and the correctors to realize distortion correction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S3 of identifying the encoding points in the ring code and decoding according to the encoding rule specifically includes the following steps:
counterclockwise searching for a coding point from the starting point of the inner ring locator;
decoding the inner ring to obtain ring number coding total length information;
calculating the radius increment after zooming, and determining the position of a relative coding point;
and decoding the outer ring to obtain total coding information.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the code dots in the ring code have different coding modes including, but not limited to, numbers, capital letters, ASCII codes, and Chinese characters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the decoding can be performed for a ring code having an arbitrary material composition.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of each area of an arbitrary material annular code;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for positioning and decoding an arbitrary material annular code according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a positioning and amplifying process of ring codes;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a loop code keypoint detection and correction process;
FIG. 5 is a decoding flow of a ring code;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of ring code positioning, amplification and distortion correction;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of ring code location marks and code point optimization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of each region of any ring code of materials, wherein each ring detection region has a material icon representing code as 1, a blank region representing code as 0, and the rest modules have the functions of: the decoration area is only used for decoration of the annular code and can be used for transmitting product information; the locator is used for determining the position of the annular code, the initial coding position and the coding direction; the correctors and the locators can form parameter variables required by image distortion correction; the auxiliary information area, namely the code of the first inner ring, stores information such as transmission content type, total data length, error correction parameters and the like, and can ensure the correctness of transmission information according to the auxiliary information area in the decoding process; the data coding area is a second inner ring area to an outermost ring area and comprises binary codes of transmission information and error correction words.
The positioning amplification ring codes, the key point identification and correction, and the coding point identification and decoding in the decoding process of the ring codes of any material are elaborated step by step.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the present invention provides a method for positioning and decoding an arbitrary material annular code, which comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting the image to be detected into the target detection model to perform annular code identification and positioning, returning the coordinate information of the annular code, and intercepting the annular code image in the original image according to the coordinate information;
before the user uses the application, the pre-trained target detection model needs to be loaded in advance. The target detection model is specially trained for any material annular code, the image to be detected can detect whether the annular code exists through the target detection model, and if the annular code exists, the coordinate information of the annular code detection frame is returned. And intercepting and amplifying the region of interest by utilizing the returned annular code coordinate information. The background can be removed in the step, and the detection of the subsequent locator and the correction symbol is facilitated.
S2, preprocessing the annular code image, matching and screening the locator materials input by the user and the annular code image to obtain and sort the locators, determining the positions of the correctors according to the locators, and correcting the deformation of the annular code through perspective transformation and an optimization matrix algorithm;
① since the ring code is easy to be affected by the environment noise when it is shot by the camera, the median filter can be used to eliminate part of the noise, then the image binarization is performed by the Otsu algorithm.
② extracting the connected regions in the processed binary image, calculating the area of each connected region, normally, the area is normally distributed, most area is the area of the circumscribed rectangle filling the material, and the rest area is larger or smaller area in the interruption region caused by the non-standard binarization, so all the outline areas are sorted, the area which is too large or too small is filtered, and then the length-width ratio of the circumscribed rectangle is calculated, since the length-width ratio of the key point icon is close to 1: 1, the outline with abnormal length-width ratio is filtered.
③ zooming, filtering, rotating and so on the locator material inputted by the user and the coding material to generate a plurality of pictures respectively added with labels, expanding each picture into a vector with 1 line and 400 columns after binaryzation and storing the vector into a txt file for a Knn (k neighbor algorithm) matching library, screening the rest materials by a step ② to zoom, comparing and classifying the rest materials with a Knn matching library, storing candidate materials classified as the locator material into a list, and if the number of the locators screened out by Knn is more than three, then carrying out a preferential algorithm to screen out the final three locators, the concrete steps are as follows:
and setting n candidate locators, performing SSIM structure similarity matching on one of the n candidate locators and the rest n-1 icons, adding the first two scores with the highest matching score similarity into a list L, and performing the operation on the rest n-1 icons to obtain the list L for sorting. After the three positioning points are obtained, the three positioning points need to be sequenced to determine a starting point, wherein the end position of the long arc in the counterclockwise direction is the starting point of information coding, namely the lowest locator in fig. 1, and the sequencing of the three positioning points is determined by a point multiplication algorithm.
The algorithm used for the detection of the syndrome is also the ssim algorithm, but it cannot be used directly, and the approximate position of the syndrome can be predicted by finding three locators because a square is formed by four flag bits. However, there is influence of factors such as perspective transformation, and the predicted position is only a position close to the correctors, so an algorithm is set, similarity matching is performed on the correctors input by the user in three icons closest to the predicted position, before matching, the rotation angle of the whole ring code needs to be calculated by using three positioning points, the correctors are rotated by the corresponding angle first, then SSIM matching is performed, and the correctors with the highest score are the correctors. The annular code integral rotation angle is obtained as follows:
let three positioning points be ranked as point0 ═ x0, y0, point1 ═ x1, y1, and point2 ═ x2, y 2. The coordinates of the central point are:
the angle of the vector between point _ center to point1 is:
④ FIG. 6(c) shows the result of performing perspective transformation correction on the original image 6(b) using the four coordinates of the locator and the corrector corresponding to the four coordinates of the locating point.
Although the image after the initial perspective transformation is basically corrected, as shown in fig. 7(c), partial offset occurs in the lower right corner, because the positioning point is in the inner ring, and the positioning point detection is prone to have offset error, and as the outer ring increases, the offset error also increases linearly. This phenomenon easily causes a decoding failure due to a detection error of the coding point of the annular code.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides an algorithm for optimizing a perspective transformation matrix, and the algorithm has the main idea that the loss function of the optimized perspective transformation matrix is formed by detecting the error between the key point of the outermost ring of the ring code and the key point of the original image, and the perspective transformation matrix is optimized by minimizing the error through a DFP (quasi-Newton method) algorithm.
The inner loop is decoded first to obtain the auxiliary indication information: loop radius increment Δ r, total number of encoded loops n.
The width and height of the material designated by the user are respectively w and h, and according to the characteristic of the annular code inner ring fixed storage 44-bit binary bit, the radius of the inner ring can be calculated as follows:
the maximum radius of the outer ring is:
r_max＝r+n×Δr
in order to avoid the occurrence that the detected outer ring coding points are external interference points, the algorithm is limited, the collected coding points are not more than r _ max + delta r from the center of the ring, each quadrant extracts 3 points farthest from the center point as representative coding points of the outer ring, and the four quadrants totally 12 coding points are used as 12 key points of a fitting ellipse, the extracted ellipse equation and the simultaneous equation of the center points of the ring codes can solve the four key points of the upper, the lower, the left and the right of the outermost ring, and the specific process is as follows:
let the ellipse equation be:
fellipse(x,y)＝Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F
the center point P _ c of the ring code is (P _ cx, P _ cy), x is put into the P _ cx, the elliptic equation is substituted to solve the one-dimensional quadratic equation,
therefore, the two key points above and below the outermost ring are (P _ cx, y1), (P _ cx, y 2). The two key points on the left and the right of the outermost ring can be obtained by the same method. The four key points of the outermost ring obtained are returned by using a perspective transformation inverse matrix, as shown by the four circles of the outer ring of fig. 7(b), the four key points do not need to be actually existing coding points or artificially designed mark points, and therefore the design of occupying coding information and an additional detection algorithm is also reduced. As shown in fig. 7(d), in order to optimize the effect graph after the perspective transformation matrix, the offset error of the coding point is substantially eliminated.
And S3, identifying the coding points in the annular code and decoding according to the coding rule.
The difference from other two-dimensional codes is that the coordinates of the positioning point and the correctors of the annular code are changed along with the change of the number of codes, and the larger the number of codes is, the smaller the radius of the inner ring where the positioning point and the correctors are located is. So that the coordinates of the fixed positioning point are different from those of other two-dimensional codes. The invention uses relative coordinate formula to determine the coding point after perspective transformation.
As shown in the flowchart of decoding the ring code in fig. 5, after determining three position areas of the locator, the counterclockwise end of the long arc is used as the initial coding position, the image block data is read along the circumferential interval with the radius r, one forty-th of the circumferential length is used as the step size of the reading interval and the width and height of the image block, if the gray scale coverage area in the image block is greater than one half of the block area, the stored coding byte is 1, otherwise, the coding byte is 0. Thus, inner loop coded data can be obtained, and the auxiliary indication information can be obtained after decoding according to the table 1. After the coding information of the auxiliary information area is acquired through RS error correction, calculation is needed for checking the information accuracy and the ring number: and if the mode indicator obtained by the inner-loop decoding is m, the transmission character length is p, the number q of coded bytes can be calculated through the first step, if q is equal to k, the inner-loop decoded data is correct, otherwise, the decoding fails.
Table 1 auxiliary indication code (digit)
| Encoding mode indicator | Transmitting character length | Total length of code | Number of data blocks | Auxiliary indicator code error correction code |
| 2 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 16 |
After the inner ring data is decoded without errors, the total length n of the coded data is recorded in bits 9-16, and the number of the ring code rings and the data length of the transmitted coded information can be calculated according to the initial storage capacity of the inner rings and the fixed storage increment of each ring. Fig. 7(d) shows that each ring information coding block obtained according to the ring number, the radius increment and the storage increment, the coding data is obtained according to the gray scale area ratio, the coding blocks are sequentially read from the second ring inside, the initial coding position and the circle center of each ring are on the same straight line, RS (n, k) coding error correction is performed on the finally obtained code, and after xor operation with the mask, the first 8n coding bits are taken as binary codes of the transmitted information. And finally, grouping and decoding the binary data according to the information coding bit number specified by the coding mode. In the decoding process for different coding modes, the implemented grouping criteria are specifically shown in the following table:
in summary, the invention designs a matching algorithm for positioning and amplifying the ring codes, the locators and the correctors through the deep learning target detection model aiming at the unique interface structure of the ring codes of any material, greatly reduces distortion correction errors of the ring codes through optimization of the perspective transformation matrix, improves positioning accuracy of the ring codes in a real scene, and improves decoding success rate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for positioning and decoding annular codes of any material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, inputting the image to be detected into the target detection model to perform annular code identification and positioning, returning the coordinate information of the annular code, and intercepting the annular code image in the original image according to the coordinate information;
s2, preprocessing the annular code image, matching and screening the locator materials input by the user and the annular code image to obtain and sort the locators, determining the positions of the correctors according to the locators, and correcting the deformation of the annular code through perspective transformation and an optimization matrix algorithm;
and S3, identifying the coding points in the annular code and decoding according to the coding rule.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is to pre-process the ring code image, and match and screen the ring code image with the locator material inputted by the user, so as to obtain the locators and sort the locators, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
carrying out filtering binarization processing on the annular code image;
extracting a connected region in the binary image, filtering the connected region with the area larger than or smaller than a threshold value, and filtering the contour with the abnormal length-width ratio;
performing multi-angle amplification on the locator image, making Knn comparison library, and performing Knn comparison on each material;
and judging whether the comparison result is greater than or equal to 3, if not, failing the positioning detection, and if so, performing similarity measurement on the candidate icons and selecting the final three positioning icons.
3. The method for positioning and decoding the annular code of any material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the filtering binarization processing of the annular code image specifically means that a median filtering method is used to eliminate part of noise points of the image to be detected, an Otsu algorithm is used to perform image binarization processing, and the narrow connection of the material edge in the binarized image is disconnected through an open operation.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S2 is for determining the position of the correction symbol according to the position symbol, and the correction of the distortion of the annular code by the matrix algorithm comprises
Clockwise judgment is carried out on the three locators, and image preprocessing is carried out on the initial correctors according to the rotation angle;
predicting three icons of the nearest correctors and carrying out similarity comparison;
and carrying out perspective transformation on the three locators and the correctors to realize distortion correction.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 of identifying the encoded points in the annular code and decoding according to the encoding rules includes the following steps:
counterclockwise searching for a coding point from the starting point of the inner ring locator;
decoding the inner ring to obtain ring number coding total length information;
calculating the radius increment after zooming, and determining the position of a relative coding point;
and decoding the outer ring to obtain total coding information.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the code dots in the annular code have different coding modes including but not limited to numbers, capital letters, ASCII codes and Chinese characters.
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| CN113780028A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-10 | 三维码（厦门）网络科技有限公司 | Verification method and device of novel three-dimensional code combined with picture |
| CN113780028B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-12-01 | 三维码（厦门）网络科技有限公司 | Verification method and device for novel three-dimensional code combined with picture |
| CN113780029B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2024-01-23 | 三维码（厦门）网络科技有限公司 | Verification method and equipment for novel three-dimensional code combined with portrait |
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