CN111239166A - Microwave detection method for defects of carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder - Google Patents
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002044 microwave spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/02—Investigating the presence of flaws
Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave detection method for defects of a carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder, which comprises the following steps of S1: preparing a gas cylinder, namely manufacturing a gas cylinder sample with a defect-free and defective cylinder body; s2: determining the optimal detection frequency, scanning the flawless cylinder body by adopting a frequency scanning method to determine the characteristic frequency of the cylinder body material of the gas cylinder, and taking the frequency as the optimal detection frequency for detecting the defects of the cylinder body of the gas cylinder; s3: under the optimal detection frequency, scanning and detecting the gas cylinder containing the defects by using a waveguide probe, and establishing a conventional defect characteristic reflection coefficient database according to the detection result; s4: determining the defect type, namely scanning and detecting the gas cylinder body to be detected by using a waveguide probe under the optimal detection frequency, and determining the defect type according to the detection result; s5: and determining the defect position, namely recording the position information of the waveguide probe as the defect position when the defect is detected, wherein the defect type and size can be accurately determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pressure pipeline detection, and particularly relates to a microwave detection method for defects of a carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder.
Background
The fiber-wound composite material gas cylinder is manufactured by winding high-strength carbon fiber or glass fiber on a metal or nonmetal liner. The composite material has the advantages of light weight, pressure resistance, good fatigue resistance and the like, and is increasingly applied to the development of aerospace products in recent years. Compared with the traditional metal gas cylinder, the high-strength ratio and high-volume-weight ratio of the composite winding gas cylinder can effectively reduce the structural weight of automobiles and aircrafts and the energy consumption, and has wide application prospect. Meanwhile, as the production process of the composite material gas cylinder is complex and has a plurality of influencing factors, in order to enable the gas cylinder to meet the requirements of design pressure and subsequent use safety and reliability, each gas cylinder needs to be subjected to nondestructive testing in the manufacturing process.
At present, the nondestructive detection method for the fiber winding composite material gas cylinder mainly comprises visual detection, ray detection, computer tomography (industrial CT) detection, ultrasonic detection, acoustic emission detection and the like. Wherein visual detection mainly detects to gas cylinder bottle outer wall fibre winding condition, and ray detection, industry CT detect, ultrasonic testing mainly detect to fibre winding in situ portion and with the inner bag adhesive linkage defect condition. In the subsequent test or use process of the gas cylinder, the composite material layer of the gas cylinder body is damaged or defected by fiber fracture, delamination, debonding and the like due to the change of the internal pressure of the cylinder body, the difference of the linear expansion coefficients of the inner container and the composite material of the winding layer, the difference of the elastic modulus, the elongation and the like, but the composite material layer of the gas cylinder body is not detected at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a microwave detection method for carrying out nondestructive detection research on the defects of a fiber-wound composite material gas cylinder body by adopting a microwave technology, aiming at mastering the defects of the fiber-wound composite material gas cylinder through systematic research, improving the detection accuracy and reliability and providing an experimental basis for developing a novel nondestructive detection method based on the microwave technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a microwave detection method for defects of a carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder comprises the following steps,
s1: preparing a gas cylinder, namely preparing a gas cylinder sample of the fiber winding composite material, wherein the gas cylinder sample has a defect-free body and contains one or more defects of pores, cracks, layering or debonding;
s2: determining the optimal detection frequency, scanning the flawless cylinder body by adopting a frequency scanning method to determine the characteristic frequency of the cylinder body material of the gas cylinder, and taking the frequency as the optimal detection frequency for detecting the defects of the cylinder body of the gas cylinder;
s3: under the optimal detection frequency, scanning and detecting the gas cylinder with the defects by using a waveguide probe, recording the corresponding change of the reflection coefficient according to the defects, and collecting the change result of the reflection coefficient to establish a conventional defect characteristic reflection coefficient database;
s4: determining defect types, namely scanning and detecting the gas cylinder body to be detected by using a waveguide probe under the optimal detection frequency, observing the change of the reflection coefficient, comparing the reflection coefficient with data in a reflection coefficient database, and determining the defect types;
s5: and determining the defect position, and recording the position information of the waveguide probe at the moment as the defect position when the defect is detected.
Further after step S4 or S5, step S6 is added: and determining the size of the defect, reducing the scanning speed when the defect is detected, monitoring the change of the reflection coefficient, and determining the size of the defect.
Further, upon detecting the presence of a defect, the system automatically reduces the scan rate to determine the size of the defect and record it.
Or when the defect is detected, the system sends out an alarm prompt, and the scanning speed is actively reduced manually so as to determine the size of the defect and record the size.
Further, in step S2, a vector network analyzer is used as a signal source, based on the microwave reflection principle, the waveguide probe is vertically close to the gas cylinder body for frequency sweep detection, and an extreme value of the reflection coefficient is found out in a frequency band in which the echo signal exhibits a normal waveform, so as to determine the optimal detection frequency.
Furthermore, a vector network analyzer or a microwave automatic measuring line is used as a signal source, a microwave bridge technology is introduced, a nondestructive testing system is designed, and a flawless bottle body composite material is used as a reference sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the nondestructive testing method for the common defects of the fiber-wound composite gas cylinder based on the microwave reflection principle is systematically researched for the first time;
(2) the microwave bridge technology is innovatively introduced into the microwave nondestructive detection of the defects of the fiber-wound composite material gas cylinder, so that the detection accuracy and reliability are obviously improved;
(3) the method is put forward for the first time to establish a database of the optimal microwave detection frequency and the conventional defect characteristic reflection coefficient of the cylinder body of the common fiber-wound composite material gas cylinder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a microwave nondestructive testing system provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral (X)", "longitudinal (Y)", "vertical (Z)", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate that the orientation and positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, if the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, they are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Thus, a definition of "a first" or "a second" feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the invention, "a number" or "a number" means two or more unless explicitly specified otherwise.
A microwave detection method for defects of a carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder comprises the following steps,
s1: preparing a gas cylinder, namely preparing a gas cylinder sample of the fiber winding composite material, wherein the gas cylinder sample has a defect-free body and contains one or more defects of pores, cracks, layering or debonding;
s2: determining the optimal detection frequency, scanning the flawless cylinder body by adopting a frequency scanning method to determine the characteristic frequency of the cylinder body material of the gas cylinder, and taking the frequency as the optimal detection frequency for detecting the defects of the cylinder body of the gas cylinder;
s3: scanning and detecting the gas cylinder containing the defects by using a waveguide probe at the optimal detection frequency, translating the waveguide probe along the gas cylinder body at a certain speed, recording the corresponding change of the reflection coefficient according to the defects, and collecting the change result of the reflection coefficient to establish a conventional defect characteristic reflection coefficient database;
s4: determining defect types, namely scanning and detecting the gas cylinder body by using a waveguide probe under the optimal detection frequency, translating the waveguide probe along the gas cylinder body at a certain speed at the moment, observing the change of a reflection coefficient, comparing the reflection coefficient with data in a reflection coefficient database, and determining the defect types, wherein when the defect type is detected, the absolute value of the reflection coefficient is suddenly reduced;
s5: and determining the defect position, and recording the position information of the waveguide probe at the moment as the defect position when the defect is detected.
In this embodiment, preferably, after step S4 or S5, step S6 is added: and determining the size of the defect, reducing the scanning speed when the defect is detected, monitoring the change of the reflection coefficient, and determining the size of the defect.
When the size is determined, automatic measurement or manual measurement can be adopted, wherein when the system is measured, when the defect is detected, the system automatically reduces the scanning speed so as to determine the size of the defect and record the size; during manual measurement, when the defect is detected, the system sends out an alarm prompt, and the scanning speed is actively reduced manually so as to determine and record the size of the defect.
In step S2, preferably, a vector network analyzer is used as a signal source, a waveguide probe is perpendicularly close to a cylinder body of a gas cylinder for frequency sweep detection based on a microwave reflection principle, and an extreme value of a reflection coefficient is found in a frequency band in which an echo signal exhibits a normal waveform, so as to determine an optimal detection frequency.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a vector network analyzer or a microwave automatic measurement line is preferably used as a signal source, a microwave bridge technology is introduced, a nondestructive testing system is designed, a defect-free composite material of a bottle body is used as a reference sample, and a specific working process of the nondestructive testing system can refer to the content disclosed in application No. CN201410179411.1 entitled method and device for detecting defects of a welded joint of a polyethylene pipeline.
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with a frequency range between 0.3-300 GHz. In microwave detection, microwaves interact with a detected material medium, and the electromagnetic characteristics and the response of the medium to a microwave field determine the distribution condition of the microwaves and the changes of basic parameters such as the amplitude value, the phase position and the frequency of the microwaves. By measuring the change of the microwave basic parameters, whether the detected material or the workpiece has defects can be judged, and the related information such as the positions, the sizes, the shapes and the like of the defects can be obtained. Compared with the conventional nondestructive detection methods such as ultrasonic detection and X-ray radiography, the microwave detection technology can realize effective coupling from the probe to the detected object through air without using a coupling agent; the microwave spectrum is wide, the directivity is good, the penetrating power to the non-metallic material is very strong, and the method is very suitable for measuring the internal defects of the composite material; besides the volume-shaped defects of the material, the method can also effectively detect the planar defects such as debonding and the like which cannot be detected by other conventional detection methods.
The fiber reinforced composite material has a low relative dielectric constant and weak microwave absorption capacity, so that the microwave has strong penetration capacity and reflection capacity in the fiber wound composite material. When microwaves with certain frequency are vertically incident into the two types of the microwave radiation sourceWhen the two mediums are on the interface, because the dielectric constants of the two mediums are different, the ratio of the electric field intensity (E) to the magnetic field intensity (H) in the mediums is different, so that the microwave can be reflected on the interface of the mediums, the part of the microwave reflected back to the signal source is called echo, and the signal power of the echo can be represented by a reflection coefficient S11: s11＝20lg(Vr/Vi) Where Vr and Vi represent the power of the reflected wave and the power of the incident wave, respectively. If there are defects or damage inside the composite, this can result in the reflection coefficient of the microwaves deviating significantly from the value of the reflection coefficient in the case of no defects. The detection of the defects of the cylinder body of the fiber wound composite material gas cylinder can be realized by monitoring the change of the microwave reflection coefficient.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A microwave detection method for defects of a carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: preparing a gas cylinder, namely preparing a gas cylinder sample of the fiber winding composite material, wherein the gas cylinder sample has a defect-free body and contains one or more defects of pores, cracks, layering or debonding;
s2: determining the optimal detection frequency, scanning the flawless cylinder body by adopting a frequency scanning method to determine the characteristic frequency of the cylinder body material of the gas cylinder, and taking the frequency as the optimal detection frequency for detecting the defects of the cylinder body of the gas cylinder;
s3: under the optimal detection frequency, scanning and detecting the gas cylinder with the defects by using a waveguide probe, recording the corresponding change of the reflection coefficient according to the defects, and collecting the change result of the reflection coefficient to establish a conventional defect characteristic reflection coefficient database;
s4: determining defect types, namely scanning and detecting the gas cylinder body to be detected by using a waveguide probe under the optimal detection frequency, observing the change of the reflection coefficient, comparing the reflection coefficient with data in a reflection coefficient database, and determining the defect types;
s5: and determining the defect position, and recording the position information of the waveguide probe at the moment as the defect position when the defect is detected.
2. The microwave detection method for the defects of the carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: after step S4 or S5, step S6 is added: and determining the size of the defect, reducing the scanning speed when the defect is detected, monitoring the change of the reflection coefficient, and determining the size of the defect.
3. The microwave detection method for the defects of the carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: upon detecting the presence of a defect, the system automatically reduces the scan rate to determine the size of the defect and record.
4. The microwave detection method for the defects of the carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: when the defect is detected, the system sends out an alarm prompt, and the scanning speed is actively reduced manually so as to determine the size of the defect and record the size.
5. The microwave detection method for the defects of the carbon fiber wound composite gas cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, a vector network analyzer is used as a signal source, a waveguide probe is perpendicularly close to a gas cylinder body to perform frequency sweep detection based on the microwave reflection principle, and an extreme value of a reflection coefficient is found in a frequency band in which an echo signal is normal in waveform, so as to determine an optimal detection frequency.
6. The microwave detection method for the defects of the carbon fiber wound composite material gas cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that: a vector network analyzer or a microwave automatic measuring line is used as a signal source, a microwave bridge technology is introduced, a nondestructive testing system is designed, and a flawless bottle body composite material is used as a reference sample.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113324165A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-31 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Defect-containing IV-type hydrogen storage bottle sample bottle and preparation method thereof |
| CN116930215A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 山东创瑞激光科技有限公司 | SLM powder layer defect recognition system and method based on microwave detection |
| JP7381142B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2023-11-15 | 浙江大学 | Secondary frequency selection method and device for microwave sweep data |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116930215B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-08 | 山东创瑞激光科技有限公司 | SLM powder layer defect recognition system and method based on microwave detection |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |