CN111238980B - Erosion experimental device and method for shale gas ground gathering and transportation system - Google Patents
Erosion experimental device and method for shale gas ground gathering and transportation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an erosion experimental device of a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system, which comprises an air flow system, a liquid injection system, a sand injection system, an erosion test piece system, a sand collection and recovery system and a control and monitoring system, wherein the air flow system comprises a first air flow system, a second air flow system, a sand injection system, a erosion test piece system, a sand collection and recovery system and a control and monitoring system, wherein the control and monitoring system comprises: the airflow system comprises a variable frequency fan and an airflow pipeline; the erosion test piece system comprises a test piece and a connecting flange, and the test piece and the air flow pipeline are connected and sealed through the connecting flange; the liquid injection system comprises an air compressor, a pressure air tank, a pressure liquid storage tank, a flow control valve, an atomizer and a configured pipeline; the sand collecting and recovering system comprises a sand collecting pipe and a sand box; the fan is connected to the airflow pipeline, the side face of the airflow pipeline is connected to the sand injection system firstly and then connected to the water injection system, the tail end of the airflow pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the erosion test piece, the outlet end of the erosion test piece is provided with the sand collection pipe, and the outlet end of the sand collection pipe is connected with the sand box. The invention can meet the requirements of experimental tests, is easy to measure the experimental results and improves the accuracy of the measured experimental results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shale gas experimental equipment, and particularly relates to an erosion experimental device and method for a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy of China, the demand for natural gas and other energy sources is rapidly increased, and the shale gas industry is rapidly developed in recent years; because the shale gas well has fast yield attenuation, fracturing exploitation is usually needed, a large amount of fracturing propping agents are exploited in the drainage and exploitation period after fracturing exploitation, the sand yield can reach 10 t/well/day, and severe erosion is caused to a ground gathering and transportation system; according to the field feedback, the inlet elbow which is the most serious part in the ground gathering and transportation system is broken under the high-strength erosion working condition within half a year (even two months), so that great potential safety hazards and economic loss are caused. Therefore, it is one of the hot spots studied in recent years to study the erosion law of the shale gas ground gathering and transportation system and to propose corresponding feasible measures to slow down or control the erosion of the ground gathering and transportation system.
At present, relevant units have many researches on erosion devices of shale gas pipelines or relevant equipment, but most of the researches are directed at gas-solid two-phase erosion of a certain part; in the shale gas ground gathering and transportation system, elbows, valves, tee joints, desanders and the like are parts which are easy to erode and damage. In addition, the shale gas gathering and transportation process is carried by liquid three-phase flow, and the existing erosion device does not consider the influence of the existence of a liquid phase on the gas-solid erosion process, so that the shale gas field actual gathering and transportation working condition is deviated. In the aspect of erosion result processing, two measurement standards of a weight loss method and a thickness measurement method are mainly used at present, the two methods have limitations, the weight loss method cannot well reflect the local erosion degree of a test piece, and the precision of the thickness measurement method is greatly influenced by the structural complexity degree of the test piece; some erosion experimental devices reflect the erosion condition of an actual elbow by attaching test pieces with certain sizes to a punched elbow and measuring the erosion degree of the test pieces at different positions of the elbow, so that the defects of the two methods are overcome, and the result accuracy is improved; but this approach seriously undermines the elbow physical structure and continuity of the gas-solid flow field and therefore the results obtained are less reasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects of the original experimental device and provide a set of simple and convenient erosion device which considers the liquid phase effect, has multiple purposes and is easy to accurately measure the erosion result, the device is designed based on simulation software simulation, accords with the actual shale gas gathering and transportation working condition, obtains the sand erosion rule by changing the conditions of airflow velocity, sand injection rate, sand grain size and the like, can simulate the erosion under gas-solid two phases and gas-liquid-solid three phases, and obtains the influence of the water phase on the erosion of the gas-solid two phases by comparison; and a processing mode of segmentation and reassembly is provided, so that the experimental result is easy to measure, and the accuracy of the experimental result is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a shale gas ground gathering system erosion experimental apparatus, includes that air current system, notes liquid system, notes sand system, erosion test spare system, sand collect recovery system, control and monitoring system:
the airflow system comprises a variable frequency fan and an airflow pipeline; the erosion test piece system comprises a test piece and a connecting flange, and the test piece and the air flow pipeline are connected and sealed through the connecting flange; the sand collecting and recovering system comprises a sand collecting pipe and a sand box; the control and monitoring system comprises a PIV high-speed particle imager;
the fan is connected to an airflow pipeline, the airflow pipeline is a transparent straight pipe and is horizontally placed, the side face of the airflow pipeline is connected to the sand injection system firstly and then connected to the water injection system, the tail end of the airflow pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the erosion test piece, the outlet end of the erosion test piece is provided with a sand collection pipe, and the outlet end of the sand collection pipe is connected with a sand box;
the PIV high-speed particle imaging instrument is provided with a plurality of contact points, the contact points are respectively connected to the side surfaces of the airflow pipelines and are uniformly arranged, wherein part of the contact points are arranged between the water injection system and the sand injection system, and other contact points are arranged behind the water injection system.
Further, the sand injection system comprises a sand storage box and a sand conveying device; a ball valve is arranged between the sand box and the sand feeding device, the sand feeding device is a spiral pushing device, and the sand feeding principle is that a motor drives a screw to rotate at a certain rotating speed, sand grains move forwards along with the rotation of the screw, and the rotating speeds of different screws are changed so as to realize the control of the mass flow of the injected sand grains.
The sand feeding device is connected to the air flow pipe, here as a sand injection opening, and a tachometer is arranged in front of the sand injection opening.
Furthermore, the water injection system comprises an air compressor, a pressure air tank, a liquid storage tank, a flow regulating valve, a safety valve, an atomizer and a matched pipeline; the liquid in the liquid storage tank is arranged at the lower half part, the upper half part is air, the upper half part of the liquid storage tank is connected to a pressure air tank, and the pressure air tank is connected to an air compressor; the liquid storage pot the latter half is connected to flow control valve and atomizer in proper order to let atomizer and air flow pipeline be connected, here is as the liquid injection mouth, is equipped with the speedometer in the rear side of liquid injection mouth.
Furthermore, a pressure feedback system is arranged between the pressure air tank and the air compressor, and comprises a pressure gauge arranged on the pressure air tank and a feedback pipeline connecting the pressure gauge and the air compressor.
Further, the distance from the sand injection opening to the test piece is 12-15D, and D is the inner diameter of the airflow pipeline.
Furthermore, the distance from the variable frequency fan to the sand injection opening is 10D.
Furthermore, the sand collecting pipe main body is of an L-shaped structure, a section of inverted U-shaped pipe section is arranged at the top of the sand collecting pipe main body, and the bottom of the outlet end of the inverted U-shaped pipe section faces the sand box.
An erosion experiment method for a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system comprises the following steps:
s1, installing and connecting experimental equipment, setting parameters in a control and monitoring system, placing enough sand grains in a sand storage tank, installing and connecting the test piece to be tested in place, and ensuring that the erosion face of the test piece is installed against the airflow direction;
s2, a variable frequency fan generates a certain speed airflow field, the airflow speed is controlled within the range of 2-30m/S, sand grains contained in a sand box enter a sand conveying device after a ball valve is opened, the sand conveying device injects experimental sand grains into an airflow pipeline at a certain mass rate (such as 0.01-0.12 kg/S), and the sand grains move forwards under the driving of airflow; the sand grains are dried, screened and weighed before the experiment to meet the experiment requirement;
s3, pumping certain pressure air into a pressure air tank by an air compressor, controlling the start and stop of the air compressor by the pressure air tank through a pressure feedback system, maintaining the air pressure in the tank within a certain range, acting on a liquid storage tank through the air pressure in the tank, atomizing liquid in the liquid storage tank through an atomizing device at a certain speed under the action of a flow control valve, injecting the atomized liquid into an airflow pipeline, increasing the water content of sand grains, and adjusting the pressure value of the air compressor according to the set water content of the sand grains;
s4, carrying out erosion on the test piece by the solid-liquid-gas three-phase fluid, recovering the fluid through a sand collecting pipe after the erosion, and sending the fluid into a sand box;
and S5, disassembling the tested test piece, taking out the erosion section according to the shape of the test piece, and carrying out erosion analysis research on the test piece.
Further, in step S1, the erosion surface of the test piece is a segmented structure of slices, and the erosion surface is an overall block-shaped structure corresponding to the direction of the erosion surface.
Furthermore, the slice segmentation is to cut the test piece into a plurality of slices with the same structure and thickness according to an equal proportion cutting mode.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention relates to a shale gas pipeline erosion experimental device which is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture, can realize erosion experiments on a plurality of parts which are easy to erode, such as an elbow, a tee joint, a valve, a desander and the like, and has strong functions;
2) by adding a water injection system and a sand injection system, the device is designed based on corresponding simulation, is attached to the flow state of gas-liquid-solid three phases in the shale gas gathering and transportation pipeline, and can comparatively simulate the erosion condition under the gas-solid two phases and the gas-liquid-solid three phases;
3) on the premise of ensuring the structural integrity and continuity of the elbow, the erosion experimental result is conveniently measured by a segmentation mode, and the result accuracy is improved. Especially aiming at the structural characteristics of the elbow, the elbow is innovatively cut at a certain angle, the test piece is cut into a plurality of small blocks with simple structures, the continuity of the structure of the test piece is ensured by constraint assembly of an additional die, the erosion result of each part of the test piece can be represented by a weightlessness method or a thickness measurement method, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved;
4) all adopt flange joint between each pipeline section and the test piece in this device, realized the convenient switching of flow direction quick adjustment and test piece, can realize the erosion experiment to multiple object.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a die for constraining the slit bends.
Fig. 3 is a cut-away schematic view of the elbow.
In the figure:
1-variable frequency fan, 2-speedometer, 3-sand storage tank, 4-ball valve, 5-sand feeding device, 6-liquid storage tank, 7-flow regulating valve, 8-atomizer, 9-air compressor, 10-open spring safety valve, 11-pressure feedback system, 12-contact point, 13-cut-off valve, 14-pressure air tank, 15-test piece, 16-airflow pipeline, 17-sand collecting pipe, 18-sand box and 19-PIV high-speed particle imager.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an erosion experimental apparatus for a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system comprises an air flow system, a liquid injection system, a sand injection system, an erosion test piece 15 system, a sand collection and recovery system, and a control and monitoring system:
the airflow system comprises a variable frequency fan 1 and an airflow pipeline 16; the erosion test piece 15 system comprises a test piece 15 and a connecting flange, and the test piece 15 and the air flow pipeline 16 are connected and sealed through the connecting flange; the sand collecting and recovering system comprises a sand collecting pipe 17 and a sand box 18;
the variable frequency fan 1 is connected to an airflow pipeline 16, the airflow pipeline 16 is a transparent straight pipe and is horizontally placed, the side surface of the airflow pipeline 16 is connected to a sand injection system firstly and then connected to a water injection system, the tail end of the airflow pipeline 16 is connected to the inlet end of an erosion test piece 15, the outlet end of the erosion test piece 15 is provided with a sand collection pipe 17, and the outlet end of the sand collection pipe 17 is connected with a sand box 18; the main body of the sand collecting pipe 17 is of an L-shaped structure, a section of inverted U-shaped pipe section is arranged at the top of the sand collecting pipe, and the bottom of the outlet end of the inverted U-shaped pipe section faces the sand box 18. The control monitoring system comprises a PIV high-speed particle imager 19;
the PIV high-speed particle imager 19 (which may be any one of the mainstream products on the market such as flowmaster series produced by lavision) is provided with a plurality of contact points 12, and the contact points 12 are respectively connected to the side surfaces of the airflow pipeline 16 and are uniformly arranged, wherein part of the contact points 12 are between the water injection system and the sand injection system, and the other contact points 12 are behind the water injection system. The PIV high speed particle imager 19 is used to record the movement of sand in the pipe.
The sand injection system comprises a sand storage box 18 and a sand conveying device 5; a ball valve 4 is provided between the sand box 18 and the sand feeder 5, the sand feeder 5 is connected to an air flow pipe 16, which here serves as a sand injection opening, and a speedometer 2 is provided on the front side of the sand injection opening for measuring the flow rate at different positions. The water injection system comprises an air compressor 9, a pressure air tank 14, a liquid storage tank 6, a flow regulating valve 7, a safety valve, an atomizer 8 and a matched pipeline; the liquid in the liquid storage tank 6 is arranged at the lower half part, the upper half part is air, the upper half part of the liquid storage tank 6 is connected to a pressure air tank 14, and the pressure air tank 14 is connected to an air compressor 9; the lower half part of the liquid storage tank 6 is sequentially connected to a flow regulating valve 7 and an atomizer 8, the atomizer 8 is connected with an airflow pipeline 16, the lower half part serves as a liquid injection port, and a speedometer 2 is arranged on the rear side of the liquid injection port. A pressure feedback system 11 is also provided between the pressure air tank 14 and the air compressor 9, and the pressure feedback system 11 comprises a pressure gauge provided on the pressure air tank 14 and a feedback line connecting the pressure gauge and the air compressor 9. The control parts of the variable frequency fan 1 and the air compressor 9, a velometer and the like are connected to a control and monitoring system, and injected sand reaches the airflow velocity within the distance range of 12D-15D when the airflow velocity is within the range of 2-30 m/s; therefore, the distance from the sand particle injection port to the joint of the test piece 15 in the device is 15D, and the transparent material is adopted, so that the motion trail of the particles can be observed conveniently and recorded by the PIV high-speed particle imager 19. In addition, the length of the pipeline from the outlet of the fan to the sand injection position also needs to reach a certain length, so that the airflow field is stable in the sand injection section, and the distance of the section of the device is 10D; d is the inner diameter of the gas flow pipeline. As shown in fig. 3, the test piece 15 is a divided elbow, a tee, a valve, and the like, and a mold for fixing is further provided outside the test piece 15, as shown in fig. 2.
An erosion experiment method for a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system comprises the following steps:
s1, installing and connecting experimental equipment, setting parameters in a control and monitoring system, placing enough sand grains in a sand storage tank 3, installing and connecting a test piece 15 to be tested (in the embodiment, an elbow is selected as the test piece 15) in place, ensuring that the erosion face of the test piece 15 is installed facing the airflow direction, taking the drawings as an example and 3, wherein the erosion face (outer ring face) of the elbow of the test piece 15 is a section sectional structure (the cutting thickness is equal proportion precision cutting, and the erosion face is cut into 10-15 parts);
s2, the variable frequency fan 1 generates a certain speed airflow field, the airflow speed is controlled within the range of 2-30m/S, sand grains contained in the sand box 18 enter the sand feeding device 5 after the ball valve 4 is opened, the sand feeding device 5 injects experimental sand grains into the airflow pipeline 16 at a certain mass rate, and the sand grains move forwards under the driving of airflow; the sand grains are dried, screened and weighed before the experiment to meet the experiment requirement;
the metering of the sand particles adopts simple weighing, and the final sand particle injection rate is calculated according to the injected sand particle mass and the experimental execution time:
wherein Q ismFor sand injection rate, M is injected sand mass and t is test time.
S3, pumping certain pressure air into a pressure air tank 14 by an air compressor 9, controlling the start and stop of the air compressor 9 by the pressure air tank 14 through a pressure feedback system 11, maintaining the air pressure in the tank within a certain range, acting on a liquid storage tank 6 through the air pressure in the tank, atomizing liquid in the liquid storage tank 6 through an atomizing device at a certain speed under the action of a flow control valve, injecting the liquid into an airflow pipeline 16, increasing the water content of sand grains, and adjusting the pressure value of the air compressor 9 according to the water content of the set sand grains;
s4, carrying out erosion on the test piece 15 by the solid-liquid-gas three-phase fluid, recovering the fluid through the sand collecting pipe 17 after the erosion, and sending the fluid into the sand box 18;
s5, disassembling the tested test piece 15, taking out the erosion section according to the shape of the test piece, and carrying out erosion analysis research on the erosion section, wherein the concrete analysis steps can be as follows:
aiming at the measurement of the erosion result of the elbow, the method provides the method for segmenting the elbow to improve the accuracy of the erosion result of different parts of the measured elbow; the implementation scheme is as follows: for each piece after cutting, a weight loss method or a thickness measurement method can be adopted:
a weight loss method: the pre-test weight m of the ith block was measuredi(post-test weight m'iThen each piece weight loss thickness deltaiAnd the overall bend weight loss thickness Δ δ can be expressed as:
wherein A isiρ is the density of the test material, which is the surface area of a block.
Thickness measurement method: measurement of thickness delta of ith block before experiment at position jijAnd thickness δ 'after experiment'ijThen the thickness delta is lostijIs deltaij＝δij-δ′ij (4)
In addition, the surface erosion condition of the test piece 15 slice can be checked by a scanning electron microscope method;
by controlling the variable method, different experimental conditions such as airflow velocity, sand mass flow, sand grain size and whether water phase exists are changed, and the rule of sand erosion is obtained.
The erosion surface of the test piece 15 is a slice subsection structure, the erosion surface is an integral block-shaped structure corresponding to the direction of the erosion surface, the slice subsection is to cut the test piece 15 into a plurality of slices with the same structure and thickness according to an equal proportion cutting mode, as shown in fig. 3, the side surface of each slice is the outer side with the thickness larger than the inner side, and the structure and the thickness of each slice are the same.
In the step S1, the test piece 15 may also be a valve, a tee joint, a desander and other components commonly used in the shale gas ground gathering and transportation system, and in the experiment, the erosion surfaces of these components are also required to be sliced and segmented, and the sliced pieces are cut along the direction perpendicular to the internal flow direction thereof or the axis direction thereof, and then are constrained and fixed by an additional corresponding mold; the width of the dicing block in the axis direction is determined according to cutting loss, a loss measurement method, accuracy requirements, and the like.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An erosion experimental device of a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system is characterized by comprising an air flow system, a liquid injection system, a sand injection system, an erosion test piece system, a sand collection and recovery system and a control monitoring system;
the airflow system comprises a variable frequency fan and an airflow pipeline; the erosion test piece system comprises a test piece and a connecting flange, and the test piece and the air flow pipeline are connected and sealed through the connecting flange; the sand collecting and recovering system comprises a sand collecting pipe and a sand box; the control monitoring system comprises a PIV high-speed particle imager;
the fan is connected to an airflow pipeline, the airflow pipeline is a transparent straight pipe and is horizontally placed, the side face of the airflow pipeline is connected to the sand injection system firstly and then connected to the water injection system, the tail end of the airflow pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the erosion test piece, the outlet end of the erosion test piece is provided with a sand collection pipe, and the outlet end of the sand collection pipe is connected with a sand box;
the PIV high-speed particle imaging instrument is provided with a plurality of contact points, the contact points are respectively connected to the side surfaces of the airflow pipelines and are uniformly arranged, wherein part of the contact points are arranged between the water injection system and the sand injection system, and other contact points are arranged behind the water injection system;
a test piece is placed in the erosion test piece system, the erosion surface of the test piece is of a slice segmented structure, and the erosion surface is of an integral blocky structure corresponding to the direction of the erosion surface; the slice segmentation is to cut the test piece into a plurality of slices with the same structure and thickness according to an equal proportion cutting mode.
2. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system erosion experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sand injection system comprises a sand storage box and a sand conveying device; a ball valve is arranged between the sand box and the sand feeding device;
the sand feeding device is connected to the air flow pipe, here as a sand injection opening, and a tachometer is arranged in front of the sand injection opening.
3. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system erosion experimental device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water injection system comprises an air compressor, a pressure air tank, a liquid storage tank, a flow regulating valve, a safety valve, an atomizer and a matched pipeline; the liquid in the liquid storage tank is arranged at the lower half part, the upper half part is air, the upper half part of the liquid storage tank is connected to a pressure air tank, and the pressure air tank is connected to an air compressor; the liquid storage pot the latter half is connected to flow control valve and atomizer in proper order to let atomizer and air flow pipeline be connected, here is as the liquid injection mouth, is equipped with the speedometer in the rear side of liquid injection mouth.
4. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system washout experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein a pressure feedback system is further arranged between the pressure air tank and the air compressor, and the pressure feedback system comprises a pressure gauge arranged on the pressure air tank and a feedback pipeline connecting the pressure gauge and the air compressor.
5. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system erosion experimental apparatus of claim 2, wherein the distance from the sand injection port to the test piece is 12-15D, and D is the inner diameter of the gas flow pipeline.
6. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system erosion experimental apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the distance from the variable frequency fan to the sand injection port is 10D.
7. The shale gas ground gathering and transportation system erosion experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sand collecting pipe main body is of an L-shaped structure, an inverted U-shaped pipe section is arranged at the top of the sand collecting pipe main body, and the bottom of an outlet end of the inverted U-shaped pipe section faces the sand box.
8. An erosion experimental method of a shale gas ground gathering and transportation system, which is characterized in that an experimental device according to any one of claims 1-7 is adopted for carrying out an experiment, and comprises the following steps:
s1, installing and connecting experimental equipment, setting parameters in a control and monitoring system, placing enough sand grains in a sand storage tank, installing and connecting the test piece to be tested in place, and ensuring that the erosion face of the test piece is installed against the airflow direction;
s2, a variable frequency fan generates a certain speed airflow field, the airflow speed is controlled within the range of 2-30m/S, sand grains contained in a sand box enter a sand conveying device after a ball valve is opened, the sand conveying device injects experimental sand grains into an airflow pipeline at a certain mass rate, and the sand grains move forwards under the driving of airflow; the sand grains are dried, screened and weighed before the experiment to meet the experiment requirement;
s3, pumping certain pressure air into a pressure air tank by an air compressor, controlling the start and stop of the air compressor by the pressure air tank through a pressure feedback system, maintaining the air pressure in the tank within a certain range, acting on a liquid storage tank through the air pressure in the tank, atomizing liquid in the liquid storage tank through an atomizing device at a certain speed under the action of a flow control valve, injecting the atomized liquid into an airflow pipeline, increasing the water content of sand grains, and adjusting the pressure value of the air compressor according to the set water content of the sand grains;
s4, carrying out erosion on the test piece by the solid-liquid-gas three-phase fluid, recovering the fluid through a sand collecting pipe after the erosion, and sending the fluid into a sand box;
and S5, disassembling the tested test piece, taking out the erosion section according to the shape of the test piece, and carrying out erosion analysis research on the test piece.
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| CN114112759A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Erosion and wear experimental equipment |
| CN114459783A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Online testing device and method for desander |
| CN113252521B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-06-27 | 浙江理工大学 | Gas-solid two-phase flow deposition characteristic experimental device with particle size automatic screening function |
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