CN111238034A - Hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator - Google Patents
Hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111238034A CN111238034A CN202010164227.5A CN202010164227A CN111238034A CN 111238034 A CN111238034 A CN 111238034A CN 202010164227 A CN202010164227 A CN 202010164227A CN 111238034 A CN111238034 A CN 111238034A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
- F24H3/065—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using fluid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1877—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
- F24H9/1881—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention relates to a hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in a circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator, which effectively solves the problems of stable structure, good performance, ultralow nitrogen combustion and ultralow smoke emission of the hot blast stove. The invention relates to a refractory closed wall built in a metal furnace shell, which is divided into a hot air collection chamber wall, a combustion chamber wall, a regenerative chamber wall, a cold air chamber wall and a furnace bottom from top to bottom, wherein the inner space is a hot air collection chamber for providing a hot air outlet, a combustion chamber for circularly mixing coal gas and air, an upper regenerative chamber, a lower regenerative chamber and a cold air chamber for regulating the distribution of air inflow and air outflow, the hot air collection chamber wall is of a cavity structure with a contracted opening at the lower part and formed by a first hemispherical wall and a cylindrical wall, the inner space is a hot air collection chamber, a hot air outlet pipe is horizontally arranged on the cylindrical wall, the lower part is a hot air inlet and is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the hot air collection chamber wall is fixedly supported on a hot air collection chamber wall ring on the combustion chamber furnace shell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat accumulating type hot blast stove, in particular to a hot blast stove for providing process hot air flow for a blast furnace, a smelting furnace, a retort furnace, a drying furnace, an incinerator and the like.
Background
In industrial production, various hot blast stoves are indispensable common equipment. For a hot blast stove which periodically works by heating a porous heat accumulator by using combustion gas flow and cooling the porous heat accumulator by using air supply cold gas flow so as to generate high-temperature (or high-pressure) process hot gas flow, the working performance of the hot blast stove is directly influenced by the combustion process of gas fuel and the heat transfer process of periodic heat storage and heat release of the porous body. With the progress of modern industrial technology, higher technical requirements are also put forward on the hot blast stove, and the hot blast stove mainly reflects four main aspects of energy conservation, high performance, stable structure, environmental protection and the like. In order to achieve or partly achieve the above-mentioned objects, the technical innovation and technical progress of the stove has never been stopped. The combustion devices of various hot blast stoves, such as those provided for improving the combustion process, all have the technical effects of improving and promoting air flow mixing, strengthening and optimizing combustion, and the application of porous checker brick heat accumulators with various structures and different performances reflects in the selection of various heat accumulation materials, the change of the structure and the shape of the heat accumulator, the relative perfection of heat energy calculation and the like, and all promote the optimization and the strengthening of heat transfer and heat accumulation performances; and by means of the development of a numerical simulation technology, the airflow flow field in the furnace is reasonably organized and controlled, the uniform distribution state of combustion airflow and the uniform distribution characteristic of air supply airflow in a heat accumulator are improved, and finally, the optimization and the reinforcement of the heat transfer process are integrally realized. It is necessary to point out that with the advancement of combustion, flow and heat transfer science and technology, the development of porous medium combustion technology is great, and the practical application of the related technology also penetrates into the field of hot blast stoves. In addition, the implementation of national mandatory measures for environmental governance makes ultralow emission become a normal state, the requirements on dust removal, desulfurization and denitration indexes of flue gas of combustion equipment are increasingly strict, and the ultralow nitrogen combustion of coal gas and the ultralow emission of the flue gas also become inseparable important parts of hot blast stove technology. However, the existing hot blast stove cannot completely meet the ultralow nitrogen combustion and the ultralow emission of flue gas due to the structural problems, and cannot meet the actual requirements in industrial production. Therefore, by combining the process characteristics of flow, heat transfer and combustion in the hot blast stove and based on the existing combustion and heat transfer technologies such as premixed high-strength combustion, flow equalization or current transformation enhanced heat transfer, porous body hyperpure combustion temperature raising, grading controllable and oxygen deficient combustion and the like, the hot blast stove which has high-speed loop rotational flow semi-premixing and directly continues mixed combustion in the porous heat accumulator and can realize the combination of high combustion temperature and enhanced heat transfer is provided, so that the hot blast stove is obviously superior to the traditional hot blast stove in the technical characteristics of stable structure, optimized performance, high efficiency, energy saving, ultralow emission and the like, and the requirements of modern stoves (blast furnace, smelting furnace, retort furnace, incinerator and the like) on process hot air flow are greatly met. However, no public report is found so far.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator, which can effectively solve the problems of stable structure, good performance, ultralow nitrogen combustion and ultralow emission of flue gas, energy conservation and environmental protection of the hot blast stove and can meet the actual needs in industrial production.
The invention has the technical scheme that the hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator comprises a closed wall body which is made of refractory materials and is built in a metal furnace shell, the closed wall body is divided into a hot air collecting chamber wall body, a combustion chamber wall body, an upper heat accumulator wall body, a lower heat accumulator wall body, a cold air chamber wall body and a furnace bottom from top to bottom, the internal space of each wall body is respectively a hot air collecting chamber for providing a hot air outlet, a combustion chamber for burning coal gas and air in a circulating manner in a porous heat accumulator, an upper heat accumulator chamber for stacking porous heat accumulator checker bricks or refractory balls, a lower heat accumulator and a cold air chamber for regulating the distribution of inlet air and outlet air, the hot air collecting chamber wall body is a cavity structure with a contracted opening at the lower part and formed by a first hemispherical wall body and a cylindrical wall body, the internal space of the hot air collecting chamber is a hot air collecting chamber, and a, the lower part shrinkage opening is a hot air inlet and is communicated with a combustion chamber, a hot air collecting chamber wall is fixedly supported on a hot air collecting chamber wall bearing ring on a combustion chamber furnace shell, the combustion chamber wall is a cavity structure with a lower part opening formed by a second hemispherical wall and a cylinder wall, the inner space of the combustion chamber wall is a combustion chamber, the lower part of the combustion chamber wall is in sliding communication with the top of a conical cylinder section of an upper regenerative chamber wall, a connecting port forms a combustion chamber outlet, the bottom of the combustion chamber wall bearing ring is supported on the combustion chamber wall bearing ring connected with the furnace shell, a gas inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe are arranged on the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber wall and are horizontally and obliquely communicated with an air flow mixing ring groove formed between the combustion chamber wall and the air flow mixing ring wall, a plurality of rows of mixed air flow nozzles are uniformly arranged on the ring wall of the air flow mixing ring groove from top to bottom along the circumferential direction, each nozzle is, the gas flow mixing ring groove is communicated with the combustion chamber space in the gas flow mixing ring wall, and a combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator is filled in the space; the upper regenerator wall and the lower regenerator wall are both of a combined structure of a conical cylinder wall and a cylindrical wall, are in a sliding plug-in connection structure, and have inner spaces of an upper regenerator and a lower regenerator respectively; the lower wall body of the upper regenerator wall body is supported on an upper regenerator wall body bearing ring connected with the furnace shell; the wall body of the cold air chamber is of a cup-shaped structure with the bottom closed by the bottom of the hot blast stove, the space in the cold air chamber is a cold air chamber, the upper part of the cold air chamber supports the wall body of a lower heat storage chamber, a cold air chamber annular wall concentric with the cold air chamber annular wall is built in the cold air chamber, a cold air flow distribution annular channel is formed between the cold air chamber wall body and the cold air chamber annular wall, a cold air inlet pipe and a flue gas outlet pipe which are communicated with the cold air flow distribution annular channel are respectively arranged on the cold air chamber wall body, and a cold air inlet nozzle which is horizontally arranged along the circumferential direction in an inclined manner is arranged at the middle lower part of the cold air; a bottom guide plate of the heat accumulator is laid in the cold air chamber from the bottom of the furnace, and the bottom airflow adjusting heat accumulator, the lower heat accumulator, the middle heat accumulator and the upper heat accumulator are sequentially stacked upwards on the guide plate until the whole heat accumulator space is filled.
The invention has novel and unique structure, low construction cost, stable and reliable performance and good use effect, can effectively realize ultralow nitrogen combustion and ultralow emission of flue gas, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, effectively meets the actual requirements in industrial production, is a great innovation on the hot blast stove and has great economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention in cross section.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional top view of the wall of the hot air collecting chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional top view of a wall of a firebox of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional top view of the wall of the cold air chamber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in a circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator, which is shown in figures 1-4, and comprises a closed wall body made of refractory materials and built in a metal shell, the closed wall body is divided into a hot air collecting chamber wall body 1, a combustion chamber wall body 2, an upper heat accumulator wall body 3, a lower heat accumulator wall body 4, a cold air chamber wall body 5 and a furnace bottom 6 from top to bottom, the internal space of each wall body is respectively provided with a hot air collecting chamber 1-1 for providing a hot air outlet, a combustion chamber 2-1 for igniting and burning in a porous heat accumulator in which coal gas and air are circularly mixed, an upper heat accumulator 3-1 for stacking porous heat accumulator checker bricks or refractory balls, a lower heat accumulator 4-1 and a cold air chamber 5-1 for regulating the distribution of inlet air and outlet air, the hot air collecting chamber wall body 1 is a cavity structure with a contracted opening at the lower part and formed by a first hemispherical wall body and, the internal space of the combustion chamber is a hot air collecting chamber 1-1, a hot air outlet pipe 1-3 is horizontally arranged on a cylindrical wall body of the combustion chamber, a lower contraction opening is a hot air inlet 1-2 and communicated with a combustion chamber 2-1, the hot air collecting chamber wall body is fixedly supported on a hot air collecting chamber wall body bearing ring 1-4 on a furnace shell of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber wall body 2 is a cavity structure with a lower opening formed by a second hemispherical wall body and the cylindrical wall body, the internal space of the combustion chamber 2-1 is a combustion chamber 2-1, the lower part of the combustion chamber wall body 2 is communicated with the top of a conical barrel section of an upper regenerative chamber wall body 3 in a sliding way, a connecting port forms a combustion chamber outlet 2-8, the bottom of the combustion chamber wall body bearing ring is supported on a combustion chamber wall body bearing ring 2-9 connected with the furnace shell, a coal gas inlet pipe 2, an airflow mixing ring groove 2-5 formed between a combustion chamber wall body 2 and an airflow mixing ring wall 2-4 is communicated and communicated in a horizontal inclined mode, a plurality of rows of mixed airflow nozzles 2-6 are uniformly arranged on the ring wall of the airflow mixing ring groove from top to bottom along the circumferential direction, each nozzle is arranged in a horizontal inclined mode, the inclined direction of each nozzle is consistent with the inclined direction of a gas inlet pipe 2-2 and an air inlet pipe 2-3, a combustion chamber space in the airflow mixing ring groove 2-5 and the airflow mixing ring wall 2-4 is connected in parallel, and a combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator 2-7 is filled in the space; the upper regenerator wall 3 and the lower regenerator wall 4 are both cone-shaped and cylindrical wall combined structures and are in a sliding plug-in connection structure, and the inner spaces of the upper regenerator wall 3-1 and the lower regenerator wall 4-1 are respectively; the lower wall body of the upper regenerator wall body 3 is supported on an upper regenerator wall body bearing ring 3-3 connected with the furnace shell; the cold air chamber wall body 5 is a cup-shaped structure with the bottom closed by a furnace bottom 6 of a hot blast furnace, the space in the cold air chamber wall body is a cold air chamber 5-1, the upper part supports a lower regenerative chamber wall body 4, a cold air chamber annular wall concentric with the cold air chamber annular wall is built in the cold air chamber 5-1, a cold air flow distribution annular channel 5-4 is formed between the cold air chamber wall body and the cold air chamber annular wall, a cold air inlet pipe 5-3 and a flue gas outlet pipe 5-7 which are communicated with the cold air flow distribution annular channel 5-4 are respectively arranged on the cold air chamber wall body 5, and a cold air inlet nozzle 5-5 which is horizontally arranged along the circumferential direction is arranged at the lower middle part of the cold air chamber annular wall, so that a communication structure between the cold air chamber 5-1 and the; a bottom guide plate 5-6 of a heat accumulator is paved in the cold air chamber 5-1 from the furnace bottom 6, and a bottom airflow adjusting heat accumulator 5-2, a lower heat accumulator 4-3, a middle heat accumulator 4-2 and an upper heat accumulator 3-2 are sequentially piled up upwards on the guide plate until the whole heat accumulator space is full.
The hot air collecting chamber wall body 1 and the combustion chamber wall body 2 are built by refractory materials with high temperature resistance, low deformation and excellent thermal shock resistance in a metal shell, the heavy materials and the light materials are respectively arranged from inside to outside, and the high temperature resistant light cotton felt is arranged on the outer layer.
The upper regenerator wall 3 and the middle-lower regenerator wall 4 are built by high-temperature resistant and low-deformation refractory materials in metal shells, the heavy materials and the light materials are respectively arranged from inside to outside, and the high-temperature resistant light cotton felt is arranged on the outer layer.
The structure of the ring-shaped wall body of the cold air chamber wall body 5 is the same as that of the wall body of the heat storage chamber, and the furnace bottom 6 is formed by pouring heat-resistant concrete in a metal shell and building heavy refractory bricks on the concrete.
The upper heat accumulator 3-2, the middle heat accumulator 4-2, the lower heat accumulator 4-3 and the bottom airflow regulating heat accumulator 5-2 are all of a regular stacking structure of porous blocks, or a combination of honeycomb blocks comprising regularly arranged ventilation pipelines, or a stacking body of heat storage balls (the temperature resistance degree of the material is determined by the position of the material), and the upper heat accumulator 3-2 is made of a material with high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, adhesion resistance and high heat capacity.
The bottom flow guide plates 5-6 of the heat accumulator are plane plates formed by arranging and combining bricks with horizontal grooves, at least more than two layers are built, the horizontal grooves are mutually vertical or form an intersecting angle, and the bottom flow guide plates of the heat accumulator are made of materials with high compressive strength and good low-temperature thermal shock resistance; the gas inlet pipe 2-2 is vertically connected with the cylindrical wall of the combustion chamber wall 2 through the combined brick body structure (the stability of the outlet structure depends on the structure of the combined brick body).
The gas inlet pipe 2-2 and the air inlet pipe 2-3 are horizontally, obliquely and symmetrically arranged on the wall body of the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber 2-1 and are communicated with an air flow mixing ring groove 2-5 formed between the combustion chamber 2-1 and the air flow mixing ring wall 2-4, a plurality of rows of mixed air flow nozzles 2-6 are uniformly arranged on the air flow mixing ring wall from top to bottom along the circumferential direction, the cross sections of the mixed air flow nozzles are rectangular or circular, each nozzle is horizontally and obliquely arranged, the oblique direction is consistent with the oblique directions of the gas inlet pipe 2-2 and the air inlet pipe 2-3, the oblique angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees, and the air flow mixing ring groove 2-5 is connected with the combustion chamber space in the air flow mixing ring wall 2-4.
The combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator 2-7 piled in the combustion chamber space in the air flow mixing ring wall 2-4 is formed by combining short and thick sleeve checker bricks which are formed by firing refractory materials with high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance and adhesion resistance, and the porosity of the checker bricks is more than 50%.
And the middle lower part of the annular wall of the cold air chamber is provided with a through cold air inlet nozzle 5-5 which is used for horizontally and obliquely communicating the cold air chamber 5-1 and the cold air flow distribution annular channel 5-4, and the inclination angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees.
And a cold air inlet pipe 5-3 and a flue gas outlet pipe 5-7 are arranged on the cylindrical wall body of the cold air chamber wall body 5 and are communicated in a horizontally inclined mode, the horizontal inclination angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees, and the inclination angle direction of the horizontal inclination angle is consistent with that of a cold air inlet nozzle 5-5 on the annular wall of the cold air chamber.
The structure can be seen that the structure adopted by the invention is that (1) the whole hot blast stove is composed of a closed wall body built by building refractory materials in a metal stove shell, the hot blast stove is divided into a hot blast collecting chamber wall body 1, a combustion chamber wall body 2, an upper regenerative chamber wall body 3, a lower regenerative chamber wall body 4, a cold blast chamber wall body 5, a hot blast stove bottom 6 and the like from top to bottom, and the internal spaces of the hot blast stove are respectively a hot blast collecting chamber 1-1 for providing a hot blast outlet, a combustion chamber 2-1 for burning in a porous regenerative body in which coal gas and air are mixed in a circulating manner and are burnt, an upper regenerative chamber 3-1 and a lower regenerative chamber 4-1 for stacking porous regenerative bodies (lattice bricks or refractory balls) and a cold blast chamber 5-1 for regulating the distribution of inlet air and outlet air; (2) the hot air collecting chamber wall body 1 is a cavity structure with a contracted opening at the lower part and is composed of a hemispherical wall body and a cylindrical wall body, the inner space of the hot air collecting chamber wall body is a hot air collecting chamber 1-1, a hot air outlet pipe 1-3 is horizontally arranged on the cylindrical wall body, the contracted opening at the lower part is a hot air inlet pipe 1-2 and is communicated with a combustion chamber 2-1, and the hot air collecting chamber wall body bearing ring 1-4 integrally fixed on a furnace shell of the combustion chamber is used for supporting; (3) the wall body 2 of the combustion chamber is also a cavity structure with an opening at the lower part, which is composed of a hemispherical wall body and a cylindrical wall body, the inner space of the cavity structure is a combustion chamber 2-1, the lower part of the wall body 2 of the combustion chamber and the top of the conical cylinder section of the wall body 3 of the upper regenerative chamber are in sliding communication, a connector forms an outlet 2-8 of the combustion chamber, the bottom of the outlet is supported by a bearing ring 2-9 of the wall body of the combustion chamber connected to a furnace shell, a gas inlet pipe 2-2 and an air inlet pipe 2-3 are arranged at the cylindrical section of the wall body 2 of the combustion chamber and are communicated with an air flow mixing ring groove 2-5 formed between the wall body 2 of the combustion chamber and an air flow mixing ring wall 2-4 in a horizontal inclined communication way, a plurality of rows of mixed air flow nozzles 2-6 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction from top to bottom on the air flow mixing ring wall, and the gas flow mixing ring groove 2-5 is communicated with the combustion chamber space in the gas flow mixing ring wall 2-4, and the space is filled with a combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator 2-7; (4) the upper regenerator wall 3 and the middle and lower regenerator walls 4 are combined structures of conical and cylindrical walls, and are mutually in a sliding plug-in connection structure, the inner spaces of the upper regenerator wall 3-1 and the middle and lower regenerator walls 4-1 are respectively an upper regenerator wall 3-1 and a lower regenerator wall 3-3 connected to the furnace shell is used for supporting the lower wall of the upper regenerator wall 3; (5) the cold air chamber wall body 5 is a cup-shaped structure with the bottom closed by a furnace bottom 6 of a hot blast furnace, the space in the cold air chamber wall body is a cold air chamber 5-1, the upper part of the cold air chamber wall body supports a heat storage chamber wall body 4 at the middle lower part, a cold air chamber annular wall concentric with the cold air chamber annular wall is built in the cold air chamber 5-1, a cold air airflow distribution annular channel 5-4 is formed between the cold air chamber wall body 5 and the cold air chamber annular wall, a cold air inlet pipe 5-3 and a flue gas outlet pipe 5-7 which are communicated with the cold air airflow distribution annular channel 5-4 are respectively arranged on the cold air chamber wall body 5, and a cold air inlet nozzle (flue gas outlet nozzle) 5-5 which is horizontally arranged along the circumferential direction in an inclined mode is arranged at the middle lower part of the cold air chamber annular wall, so that; (6) a heat accumulator bottom guide plate 5-6 is laid in the cold air chamber 5-1 from the bottom (the bottom 6 of the hot air furnace), a bottom airflow adjusting heat accumulator 5-2 is piled up on the cold air chamber, then the cold air enters the heat accumulator space of the lower heat accumulator 4-1 and the upper heat accumulator 3-1 on the lower heat accumulator 4-1, and the lower heat accumulator 4-3, the middle heat accumulator 4-2 and the upper heat accumulator 3-2 are respectively piled up upwards until the whole heat accumulator space is full.
When the hot blast stove with the structure is implemented specifically, coal gas and air enter the gas flow mixing ring groove 2-5 through the coal gas inlet pipe 2-2 and the air inlet pipe 2-3 respectively, the coal gas and the air are mixed by partial rotational flows and then enter the combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator 2-7 stacked in the combustion chamber 2-1 through the mixed gas flow nozzle 2-6, the partial mixed gas flow is preheated and combusted in the rotational flows, the unmixed gas flow is continuously mixed and heated and ignited and combusted, so that a strengthened combustion state of rotational flow self-circulation heating in the porous heat accumulator is formed, a better combustion environment is created for improving the combustion temperature and simultaneously improving the heat accumulator, in addition, a part of mixed gas flow also can upwards enter the top of the combustion chamber through the gas flow mixing ring groove 2-5 rotational flows and is turned back to enter the combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator 2-7, and the combustion process in the heat accumulator is promoted to, then the combustion flue gas leaves the outlet 2-8 of the combustion chamber and enters the upper heat accumulator 3-2 in the upper heat accumulator 3-1 downwards, the residual coal and air which are not completely combusted can be continuously mixed and combusted in the narrow space of the heat accumulator, finally the combustion process of the coal gas and the air is completely finished, the temperature of the combustion gas flow and the upper heat accumulator can be further increased, then the hot flue gas enters the middle heat accumulator 3-3 and the lower heat accumulator 4-2 below the middle heat accumulator, the temperature of the heat accumulator is further reduced while the temperature of the heat accumulator is increased after the full heat exchange, the flue gas continuously enters the bottom gas flow regulating heat accumulator 5-2 downwards, then enters the cold air inlet nozzle 5-5 and the cold air flow distribution loop 5-4 through the bottom guide plate 5-6 of the heat accumulator, and finally is discharged out of the hot blast furnace through the flue gas outlet pipe 5-7, thereby completing the heating process (heat exchange and heat absorption) of the heat accumulator. After the heat accumulator stores heat fully, the combustion process is closed and the air supply process is started, namely the heating process of high-pressure air supply and the cooling process of the heat accumulator. At the moment, cold air enters a cold air flow distribution loop 5-4 from a cold air inlet pipe 5-3, enters a bottom flow guide plate 5-6 of the regenerator through a cold air inlet nozzle 5-5, sequentially enters a bottom air flow regulation regenerator 5-2, a lower regenerator 4-2, a middle regenerator 3-3 and an upper regenerator 3-2, is gradually increased in temperature in the heat exchange process with the regenerators at all parts, finally enters a combustion-supporting porous regenerator 2-7 in a combustion chamber 2-1 for continuous heating, enters a hot air collection chamber 1-1 through a hot air inlet pipe 1-2 at the top of a combustion chamber wall body 2, is led out from a hot air outlet pipe, and then the hot air furnace finishes the process of conveying hot blast air, thereby finishing the work period of the hot air furnace. In the alternate periodic operation process of a plurality of same hot blast stoves, the hot blast stove group realizes the technological process of continuously providing hot blast for a blast furnace or other heat utilization equipment.
It can be clearly seen from the above that, the structural components and the mutual positions and compositions thereof of the invention realize that gas and air are mixed in a certain rotational flow in the annular channel, then enter the combustion chamber space fully piled with the auxiliary combustion checker bricks through a large number of rotational flows of the air flow nozzles, are quickly ignited and burnt by the rotational flow of hot air flow and the heat storage of the checker bricks, and then flow downwards at high speed to enter the heat accumulators arranged up and down in the heat accumulators to form a sufficient combustion state of premixed combustion in the heat accumulators; therefore, the combustion-supporting heat accumulator and the upper heat accumulator obtain heat accumulation close to the combustion temperature, and good conditions are created for high air temperature. The air flow adjusting loop of the cold air chamber enables cold air to obtain relatively uniform flow field distribution before entering the regenerator, and the utilization rate of the regenerator is effectively improved; the hot air collection chamber is arranged at the top of the combustion chamber, so that the distribution of an airflow flow field on the cross section of the porous heat accumulator in the heat accumulator chamber can be more uniform; in addition, because a large number of heat accumulators are stacked in the combustion chamber and the grate structure of the cold air chamber is omitted and the heat accumulators are specially built, the consumption of the heat accumulators is increased, the consumption of structural refractory materials is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the hot blast stove is saved. Therefore, the hot blast stove has the technical characteristics of premixed combustion and uniform and efficient heat transfer in the high-light heat accumulator, and the simple, reasonable and effective structural characteristics, and has the economic and social characteristics of high cost performance (enabling the space of a combustion chamber and a cold air chamber to become a place for stacking the heat accumulator) and energy conservation and environmental protection. Trial use practices show that the hot blast stove with the structure can generally improve the air supply temperature by 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, and the air supply period temperature fluctuation can be controlled at 40 ℃ to 60 ℃. Because of no practical combustion chamber and cold air chamber, the investment cost of the hot blast stove is greatly reduced by 15-20%.
In a word, the invention has novel and unique structure, low construction cost, stable and reliable performance and good use effect, and compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding substantive characteristics and effective technical effects: 1) the gas inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe directly enter the loop to realize mixed combustion in a form of mixing of the rotational flow part, so that the structure of the combustor is effectively simplified; 2) the premixed or semi-premixed airflow is high-speed swirled and sprayed into an auxiliary combustion porous heat accumulator in a combustion chamber, and the swirling flow is utilized to achieve swirl self-enhanced combustion in the heat accumulator for mixing, preheating, igniting and combusting, and the combustion process is completed in the heat accumulator, so that the temperature of the heat accumulator is obviously improved by virtue of a local super-enthalpy combustion phenomenon, a higher and stable hot air temperature can be obtained under the same coal gas heat value, the low nitrogen oxide emission at a high combustion temperature is realized under high-strength and sufficient high-temperature combustion, and the hot air temperature is improved by 50-80 ℃; 3) because the combustion process and the air supply process both mainly adopt rotational flow, the uniformity of air flow distribution in the heat accumulator is greatly improved, the segregation short circuit of air flow is overcome, the utilization rate of the heat accumulator is improved, and the efficiency of the hot blast stove is improved by more than 30 percent; 4) a large amount of combustion-supporting porous heat accumulators are stacked in the combustion chamber and bottom airflow heat accumulators are filled in the cold air chamber, so that the manufacturing cost of the hot blast stove is remarkably saved under the conditions that the structure of a traditional hot blast stove burner is simplified and the spaces of the combustion chamber and the cold air chamber are saved, the collaborative optimization of the combustion, heat storage, heat transfer and airflow flowing processes is realized, and the investment cost of the hot blast stove is greatly reduced by 15-20%. Really realizes ultralow nitrogen combustion and ultralow emission of flue gas, saves energy and protects environment, is a great innovation on hot blast stoves, and has great economic and social benefits.
Claims (10)
1. A hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in a circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator comprises a closed wall body made of refractory materials and built in a metal furnace shell, the closed wall body is divided into a hot air collecting chamber wall body (1), a combustion chamber wall body (2), an upper heat accumulator wall body (3), a lower heat accumulator wall body (4), a cold air chamber wall body (5) and a furnace bottom (6) from top to bottom, the internal space of each wall body is respectively provided with a hot air collecting chamber (1-1) for providing a hot air outlet, a combustion chamber (2-1) for igniting and burning in a porous heat accumulator formed by mixing coal gas and air in a circulating manner, an upper heat accumulator (3-1) for stacking porous heat accumulator checker bricks or fire balls, a lower heat accumulator (4-1) and a cold air chamber (5-1) for regulating the distribution of inlet air and outlet air, and is characterized in that the hot air collecting chamber wall body (1) is of a cavity structure with a contracted opening at the lower part and formed, the internal space of the combustion chamber is a hot air collecting chamber (1-1), a hot air outlet pipe (1-3) is horizontally arranged on a cylindrical wall body of the combustion chamber, a lower contraction opening is a hot air inlet (1-2) and communicated with a combustion chamber (2-1), the hot air collecting chamber wall body is fixedly supported on a hot air collecting chamber wall body bearing ring (1-4) on a furnace shell of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber wall body 2 is a cavity structure with a lower opening formed by a second hemispherical wall body and the cylindrical wall body, the internal space of the combustion chamber is a combustion chamber (2-1), the lower part of the combustion chamber wall body (2) is in sliding communication with the top of a conical cylinder section of an upper regenerative chamber wall body (3), a connecting port forms a combustion chamber outlet (2-8), the bottom of the combustion chamber wall body bearing ring (2-9) connected with the furnace shell is supported on the combustion chamber wall body bearing ring, a coal gas inlet pipe (2-2) and an air inlet pipe (, an air flow mixing ring groove (2-5) formed between a combustion chamber wall body (2) and an air flow mixing ring wall (2-4) is communicated in a horizontal inclined mode, a plurality of rows of mixed air flow nozzles (2-6) are uniformly arranged on the ring wall of the air flow mixing ring groove from top to bottom along the circumferential direction, each nozzle is arranged in a horizontal inclined mode, the inclined direction of each nozzle is consistent with the inclined direction of a gas inlet pipe (2-2) and an air inlet pipe (2-3), a combustion chamber space in the air flow mixing ring groove (2-5) and the air flow mixing ring wall (2-4) is connected in parallel, and a porous combustion-supporting heat accumulator (2-7) is filled in the space; the upper regenerator wall (3) and the lower regenerator wall (4) are both of a combined structure of conical cylindrical walls and cylindrical walls, are in a sliding plug-in connection structure, and have inner spaces of an upper regenerator (3-1) and a lower regenerator (4-1) respectively; the lower wall body of the upper regenerator wall body (3) is supported on an upper regenerator wall body bearing ring (3-3) connected with the furnace shell; the cold air chamber wall body (5) is of a cup-shaped structure, the bottom of the cold air chamber wall body is sealed by a hot air furnace bottom (6), the space in the cold air chamber wall body is a cold air chamber (5-1), the upper part of the cold air chamber wall body supports a lower regenerative chamber wall body (4), a cold air chamber annular wall concentric with the cold air chamber annular wall is built in the cold air chamber (5-1), a cold air airflow distribution annular channel (5-4) is formed between the cold air chamber wall body and the cold air chamber annular wall, a cold air inlet pipe (5-3) and a smoke outlet pipe (5-7) which are communicated with the cold air airflow distribution annular channel (5-4) are respectively arranged on the cold air chamber wall body (5), and a cold air inlet nozzle (5-5) which is horizontally arranged along the circumferential direction is arranged at an inclined position on the lower middle part of the cold air chamber annular wall, so that a; a heat accumulator bottom guide plate (5-6) is laid in the cold air chamber (5-1) from the furnace bottom (6), and a bottom airflow adjusting heat accumulator (5-2), a lower heat accumulator (4-3), a middle heat accumulator (4-2) and an upper heat accumulator (3-2) are sequentially stacked upwards on the guide plate until the whole heat accumulator space is filled.
2. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot blast collection chamber wall (1) and the combustion chamber wall (2) are built by refractory materials with excellent high temperature resistance, low deformation and thermal shock resistance in a metal shell, the refractory materials are respectively heavy materials and light materials from inside to outside, and the outer layer is high temperature resistant light cotton felt.
3. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper heat accumulator wall (3) and the middle and lower heat accumulator walls (4) are built by high temperature resistant and low deformation refractory materials in a metal shell, and are respectively heavy materials and light materials from inside to outside, and the outer layer is high temperature resistant light cotton felt.
4. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the ring wall of the cold air chamber (5) is the same as that of the heat accumulator, the bottom (6) is formed by pouring heat-resistant concrete in a metal shell and building heavy refractory bricks on the concrete.
5. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper heat accumulator (3-2), the middle heat accumulator (4-2), the lower heat accumulator (4-3) and the bottom air flow regulating heat accumulator (5-2) are all of a regular stacking structure of porous blocks, or a combination of honeycomb blocks comprising regularly arranged ventilation pipes, or a stack of heat accumulation balls, and the upper heat accumulator (3-2) is made of a material with high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, adhesion resistance and high heat capacity.
6. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom flow guide plates (5-6) of the heat accumulator are plane plates formed by arranging and combining bricks with horizontal grooves, at least two layers are built, the horizontal grooves are mutually vertical or form an intersecting angle, and the material has high compressive strength and good low-temperature thermal shock resistance; the gas inlet pipe (2-2) is vertically connected with the cylindrical wall body of the combustion chamber wall body (2) through a combined brick body structure.
7. A hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in a circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the gas inlet pipe (2-2) and the air inlet pipe (2-3) are horizontally, slantingly and symmetrically arranged on the wall body of the cylinder section of the combustion chamber (2-1), and is communicated with an air flow mixing ring groove (2-5) formed between the combustion chamber (2-1) and the air flow mixing ring wall (2-4), a plurality of rows of mixed air flow nozzles (2-6) are uniformly arranged on the air flow mixing ring wall from top to bottom along the circumferential direction, the section of the nozzle is rectangular or circular, each nozzle is horizontally and obliquely arranged, the oblique direction is consistent with the oblique directions of the gas inlet pipe (2-2) and the air inlet pipe (2-3), the oblique angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees, and the air flow mixing ring groove (2-5) is communicated with the combustion chamber space in the air flow mixing ring wall (2-4).
8. The hot blast stove with strong cyclone combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion-supporting porous heat accumulator (2-7) piled up in the combustion chamber space of the gas-flow mixing ring wall (2-4) is formed by combining short and thick sleeve checker bricks which are fired by refractory materials with high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance and adhesion resistance, and the porosity of the checker bricks is more than 50%.
9. The hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that a through cold air inlet nozzle (5-5) is arranged at the middle lower part of the annular wall of the cold air chamber and is used for horizontally and obliquely communicating the cold air chamber (5-1) and the cold air flow distribution annular channel (5-4), and the inclination angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees.
10. The hot blast stove with strong rotational flow combustion in the circulating semi-premixed heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that a cold air inlet pipe (5-3) and a flue gas outlet pipe (5-7) are arranged on a cylindrical wall of the cold air chamber wall 5 and are communicated in a horizontal inclined manner, the horizontal inclined angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees, and the horizontal inclined angle is consistent with the inclined angle direction of a cold air inlet nozzle (5-5) on the ring wall of the cold air chamber.
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