CN111236896A - Dynamic monitoring system and method for continental margin hydrate environment geology - Google Patents
Dynamic monitoring system and method for continental margin hydrate environment geology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 12
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 Natural gas hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/001—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells specially adapted for underwater installations
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system and a method, which are based on a seabed multi-parameter sensor technology and are used for monitoring parameters such as dissolved methane flux, dissolved oxygen content, pH value and Eh value of a leakage source in a water body; monitoring the flux of free methane leaking in the form of a bubble plume in conjunction with an ultrasonic flow meter; stress strain of a potential unstable slope is monitored based on a distributed optical fiber technology, and comprehensive monitoring of landslide and environmental change of a slope with natural gas hydrate at the edge of the continent is realized; by building a seabed small observation network, unified power supply and data acquisition are realized, dynamic activities of a hydrate reservoir and caused environmental effects are monitored, in-situ, long-term and continuous monitoring and early warning capabilities are formed, the mechanism and the law of geological disasters possibly induced by hydrates are mastered, technical support is provided for the hydrate exploitation process, and the device is high in practical value and strong in implementability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine natural gas hydrate environmental effect evaluation engineering, and particularly relates to a dynamic monitoring system and method for environmental geological disasters caused by continental margin hydrates.
Background
Natural gas hydrates (hereinafter referred to as "hydrates") are commonly distributed on the global seabed, and account for more than 10% of the whole ocean area, wherein the continental margin is the position most enriched with hydrates. There is established evidence that the man-made activities or natural processes currently in progress can lead to hydrate decomposition, causing seafloor landslides in many places at the edge of continents.
The mechanism of the hydrate causing the sea bottom landslide is as follows: if exposed to lower pressure and/or higher temperature conditions, hydrate decomposition can result in disturbance of the deposit with less compaction, triggering a landslide. Meanwhile, in solid hydrates, the gas is highly concentrated, and a large amount of gas can be released by the decomposition of the hydrates. At standard temperature and pressure, 1m3Can release 164m of hydrate3The methane gas of (2). This volume expansion causes a sharp increase in the pressure of the pore fluid, causing the sediment to crack, decreasing its solidity, creating a large amount of pore volume that may trigger the sediment to slide. While the exploration and trial exploitation activities of hydrate resources are actively carried out in the global scope, environmental disaster investigation is carried out on the hydrate in the sea area, and the environmental safety of relevant ocean engineering facilities and coastal economic zones in the area is guaranteed.
The environmental geological disasters of the unstable decomposition of the continental margin hydrate mainly comprise landslide, collapse, overflow of a large amount of methane, oxygen deficiency of seawater, acidification and the like. Particularly, the shallow surface hydrate buried with the depth of not more than 50 meters on the land slope is more easily interfered by various factors, and the risk of decomposing leakage and generating landslide is higher. However, at present, hydrate environmental geological disaster monitoring and early warning are still in a sprouting state in the seabed, only some conceptual monitoring models and algorithms (such as the technical scheme disclosed in the invention patent with the publication number of CN 105674945B) are seen, and the complex environmental effect of the monitored object is not fully considered, a multi-parameter, real-time and in-situ monitoring means is lacked, a design of a data acquisition and transmission scheme in the seabed environment is lacked, a mature technical system is difficult to form, so that the environmental risk in the exploration and development process of hydrate resources is difficult to accurately evaluate, the functions of early warning and accurate evaluation cannot be achieved, the decision of governments and related departments is directly influenced, and the promotion of the industrialization process of the natural gas hydrate is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system and method aiming at the defects that the prior art is difficult to accurately evaluate environmental risks and the like in the hydrate resource exploration and development process, and comprehensively monitors landslide and environmental changes aiming at a side slope with natural gas hydrates at the continental margin, so that the mechanism and the rule of geological disasters possibly induced by the hydrates are mastered, and technical support is provided for the hydrate exploitation process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a dynamic monitoring system for continental margin hydrate environment geology comprises an inclinometry unit, a free methane monitoring unit, a seawater environment parameter monitoring unit, a data acquisition unit and an in-situ data receiving unit; the inclination measuring unit, the free methane monitoring unit and the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit are connected to a data acquisition unit arranged on the seabed through communication optical cables, the data acquisition unit performs data transmission with a communication satellite through a floating ball and performs data transmission with an in-situ data receiving unit through the communication satellite, and in-situ monitoring of geological dynamic data is realized;
the inclination measuring unit is arranged along a landslide line and used for monitoring the deep deformation degree of the landslide body, inverting the distribution form and the sliding surface position of the landslide thrust and assisting in evaluating the safety state of the landslide body; the free methane monitoring unit is arranged at the cracking position at the upper part of the slip slope line and is used for monitoring the flow of the free methane released by the decomposition of the hydrate and acquiring the change information of the free methane on the time sequence; the position of the landslide line is determined based on a special structure on the seabed micro landform and by combining with a fracture interpreted on a stratum section, wherein the special structure comprises a landslide step; the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit is arranged at the position of a continental slope in the shallow sea area and used for monitoring seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle.
Furthermore, the inclination measuring unit comprises a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module and an optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument, the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module is arranged along a landslide line of the investigation target position and comprises a distributed optical fiber with an optical fiber grating sensor and a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube, the distributed optical fiber is arranged in the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube, and the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube is connected into the optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument through a transmission optical fiber.
Furthermore, the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit adopts a seabed-based workstation integrated with a methane sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH meter and an Eh meter to obtain the content of dissolved methane and dissolved oxygen in the water body and the change of the pH value and the Eh value of bottom water along with time in real time.
Furthermore, the monitoring system also comprises a power supply (12) connected with the inclinometer unit, the free methane monitoring unit and the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit, and a power supply main body of the power supply adopts a seawater battery, a solar photovoltaic panel or a thermoelectric generator.
The invention also provides a monitoring method based on the continental margin hydrate environmental geological dynamic monitoring system, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining a landslide line aiming at the investigation target position;
2) vertically drilling a hole on a landslide body at an investigation target position, wherein the lower part of the drilled hole penetrates through a landslide line, and arranging a slope measuring unit for monitoring the deep deformation degree of the landslide body in the drilled hole;
3) arranging a free methane monitoring unit at the cracking position of the upper part of the landslide line to monitor the flow of free methane released by the decomposition of the hydrate and obtain the change information of the free methane on a time sequence;
4) monitoring the seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle based on a seawater environment monitoring unit;
5) and analyzing dissolved methane flux of a leakage source in the water body, seawater environment parameters near a bubble plume nozzle and data acquired by a slope measuring unit, and realizing comprehensive monitoring of landslide and environmental change of a slope with natural gas hydrate existing at the edge of a continent.
Further, in the step 1), in a practical investigation, the actual position of the landslide line is determined by utilizing a special structure on the seabed micro-landform and combining the interpreted fracture on the shallow stratum section, wherein the special structure comprises a landslide step.
Furthermore, the inclination measuring unit comprises a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module and an optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument, the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module is arranged along a landslide line of the investigation target position and comprises a distributed optical fiber with an optical fiber grating sensor and a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube, the distributed optical fiber is arranged in the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube, and the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube is connected into the optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument through a transmission optical fiber.
Furthermore, the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit adopts a seabed-based workstation integrated with a methane sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH meter and an Eh meter to obtain the content of dissolved methane and dissolved oxygen in the water body and the change of the pH value and the Eh value of bottom water along with time in real time.
Further, in the step 2), drilling a hole at a proper position of a position where a landslide step appears on a landslide body, binding the distributed optical fiber in a notch on the wall of the distributed optical fiber inclinometer pipe, and adhering the distributed optical fiber with epoxy resin; and then the distributed optical fibers are arranged at a certain position away from the top of the landslide line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the scheme is based on the seabed multi-parameter sensor technology, and the dissolved methane flux, the dissolved oxygen content, the pH value, the Eh value and other parameters of the leakage source in the water body are monitored; and monitoring the flux of free methane leaking in the form of a bubble plume with an ultrasonic flow meter; monitoring the stress strain of the potential unstable slope by combining a distributed optical fiber technology; by building a seabed small observation network, unified power supply and data acquisition are realized, meanwhile, a seabed monitoring result is effectively connected with a shore-based or ship-based receiver through a communication satellite by utilizing a data periodic transmission technology, in-situ, long-term and continuous monitoring and early warning capabilities are formed, dynamic activity of a hydrate reservoir and an environmental effect caused by the dynamic activity are monitored, the practical value and the practicability are high, and geological disasters and environmental catastrophes induced by continental margin hydrates can be ensured to be within a controllable range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a distributed optical fiber inclinometer according to an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, 1-hydrate reservoir; 2-a slip line; 3-distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module; 31-a distributed optical fiber; 32-distributed fiber optic inclinometer; 4-fiber grating sensor; 5-a signal transmission fiber; 6-optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument; 7-a bottom-seated ultrasonic flowmeter; 8-free methane; 9-a seabed-based workstation; 10-a unified acquisition system; 11-supply cable; 12-a power supply source; 13-floating ball; 14-a communications satellite; 15-a shore-based data receiver; 16-a ship-based data receiver; 17-landslide step.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and thus, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The dynamic monitoring system and method for continental margin hydrate environment geology provided by the scheme are used for aiming at the seabed side slope with shallow surface layer hydrates and environment geological disaster risks at the continental margin, and are combined with the fusion design of various technical methods, so that the aims of comprehensive monitoring and early warning are achieved. When investigation shows that the target position has potential landslide risk and hydrate decomposition leakage risk due to dynamic change of the hydrate or various disasters occur in different degrees, the scheme can be used for monitoring so as to grasp disaster dynamics and achieve the purposes of early warning and comprehensive evaluation.
Embodiment 1, a system for monitoring geology and dynamics of continental margin hydrate environment, as shown in fig. 1, where 1 is a hydrate reservoir, and a shallow part of the hydrate reservoir is affected by bottom water temperature, tidal fluctuation, earthquake and self weight, and is often decomposed, and a weak layer, i.e., a potential landslide line 2, is generated in the formation, so that there is a risk of landslide, and for monitoring deep deformation and trend development of a potential landslide body, the system is implemented mainly based on the following technologies:
the monitoring system comprises an inclinometry unit, a free methane monitoring unit, a seawater environment parameter monitoring unit, a data acquisition unit 10 and an in-situ data receiving unit; the inclination measuring unit and the free-state methane monitoring unit are arranged along the landslide line 2, the inclination measuring unit is used for monitoring the deep deformation degree of the landslide body, so that the distribution form and the sliding surface position of the landslide thrust are inverted by using deformation monitoring data, and the safety state of the landslide body can be evaluated through the state of the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring pipe 32; the free-state methane monitoring unit is arranged at the cracking position at the upper part of the landslide line 2 by adopting a bottom-sitting type ultrasonic flowmeter 7 and is used for monitoring the flow of free-state methane 8 released by hydrate decomposition to obtain the change information of the free-state methane on a time sequence, and in the actual survey, the actual position of the landslide line is determined by utilizing a special structure (such as a landslide step 17) on a seabed micro landform and combining the fracture interpreted on a shallow stratum section; the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit is arranged on a big land slope in a shallow sea area and is used for monitoring seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle; the inclinometer unit, the bottom-seated ultrasonic flowmeter 7 and the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit are connected together through a communication optical cable and are connected into a data acquisition unit 10, the data acquisition unit 10 carries out data transmission through a floating ball 13 and a communication satellite 14, and data transmission is carried out through the communication satellite and an in-situ data receiving unit (a shore-based receiver 15 or a ship-based receiver 16) for users to use, specifically:
the inclination measuring unit comprises a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module 3 and an optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument 6, the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring module 3 is arranged along a landslide line 2 of a survey target position and comprises a distributed optical fiber 31 with an optical fiber grating sensor 4 and a distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube 32, the distributed optical fiber 31 is arranged in the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube 32, and the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube 32 is connected together through a transmission optical fiber 5 and then is connected with the optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument 6; during specific implementation, a hole is vertically drilled at a proper position of a position where a landslide step 17 appears on a landslide body, the lower part of the drilled hole penetrates through a potential landslide line 2, then a distributed optical fiber inclinometer 32 is placed in the drilled hole, the wall of the distributed optical fiber inclinometer 32 is provided with a notch, a specially packaged distributed optical fiber 31 (with an optical fiber grating sensor 4) is bound in the notch, and the distributed optical fiber 31 is adhered by epoxy resin; the distributed optical fiber 31 is then routed at a location, such as 50-100cm, from the top of the landslide line 2 to better monitor stress strain of the landslide. When the landslide body is unstable, the whole inclination measuring unit 3 deforms under the thrust action of the landslide, and at the moment, the stress strain of the distributed optical fiber inclination measuring tube 32 is monitored through the optical fiber grating sensor 4 on the whole inclination measuring unit to reflect the deep deformation degree of the landslide body. The distribution form and the sliding surface position of the landslide thrust are inverted by using the deformation monitoring data, and the safety state of the landslide body can be evaluated by the state of the distributed optical fiber inclinometer 32. Referring to fig. 2, the distributed optical fiber inclinometer modules 3 are distributed in the landslide at equal intervals, and the specific intervals can be set according to the scale of the landslide body, so as to achieve full coverage of the key area.
The upper cracking position of the slip slope line 2 is a channel (namely a so-called 'cold spring nozzle') of hydrate decomposition fluid, and a bottom-seated ultrasonic flow meter 7 is arranged at the position, namely the bottom-seated ultrasonic flow meter 7 is arranged at the upper cracking position of the slip slope line 2, so that the flow rate of free methane 8 released by hydrate decomposition is monitored, and the change information of the free methane 8 in the time series is obtained.
The seawater environment parameter monitoring unit adopts a seabed base workstation 9 integrating a methane sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH meter and an Eh meter to monitor seawater environment parameters near a bubble plume nozzle and obtain the content of dissolved methane and dissolved oxygen in a water body and the change of the pH value and the Eh value of bottom water along with time in real time.
The devices are connected together by communication optical cables, are connected into the data acquisition unit 10, and are connected with the power supply 12 by the power supply cable 11 so as to uniformly supply power to the devices. The power supply main body of the power supply 122 may also use a seawater battery, a solar photovoltaic panel and a thermoelectric generator, etc. which are arranged on the sea surface, and may also use a shore-based cable to supply power under a relatively close offshore condition, which is not described herein.
In this embodiment, in the data acquisition unit 10, according to the feature of a land slope region far from the coast, a plurality of seabed data transmission floating balls 13 which are periodically fused are set by using an automatic fusing technology, the floating balls 13 have a data storage function with a certain capacity, when the environment monitoring data collected by the data acquisition unit 10 reaches the data ball data accommodation limit, the seabed data transmission floating balls can be fused and separated, the buoyancy of the seabed data transmission floating balls is utilized to reach the sea level upwards, the seabed data transmission floating balls and the communication satellite 14 are used for data transmission, and then the communication satellite searches for a shore-based receiver 15 or a ship-based receiver 16 for data transmission for a user. The seabed data transmission floating ball 13 is automatically destroyed after data transmission is finished, so that the safety of the data is ensured. Depending on the specific purpose of the monitoring, the data ball may be transmitted periodically, either by volume of data collected or by time, to overcome the data transmission obstacles that may be caused by moving away from shore.
The scheme is based on the seabed multi-parameter sensor technology, and the dissolved methane flux, the dissolved oxygen content, the pH value, the Eh value and other parameters of the leakage source in the water body are monitored; monitoring the flux of free methane leaking in the form of a bubble plume in conjunction with an ultrasonic flow meter; stress strain of a potential unstable slope is monitored based on a distributed optical fiber technology, and comprehensive monitoring of landslide and environmental change of a slope with natural gas hydrate at the edge of the continent is realized; by building a seabed small observation network, unified power supply and data acquisition are realized, the dynamic activity of a hydrate reservoir and the caused environmental effect are monitored, and in-situ, long-term and continuous monitoring and early warning capabilities are formed.
Embodiment 2, based on the system for monitoring geology and dynamics of continental margin hydrate environment disclosed in embodiment 1, the embodiment provides a corresponding monitoring method, including the following steps:
(1) determining a landslide line according to the position of an investigation target, and determining the actual position of the landslide line by utilizing a special structure (landslide step 17) on a seabed micro landform and combining a fracture interpreted on a shallow stratum section in actual investigation;
(2) vertically drilling a hole on a landslide body at an investigation target position, wherein the lower part of the drilled hole penetrates through a landslide line, and arranging a slope measuring unit for monitoring the deep deformation degree of the landslide body in the drilled hole;
during specific implementation, a hole is vertically drilled at a proper position of a position where a landslide step 17 appears on a landslide body, the lower part of the drilled hole penetrates through a potential landslide line 2, then a distributed optical fiber inclinometer 32 is placed in the drilled hole, the wall of the distributed optical fiber inclinometer 32 is provided with a notch, a specially packaged distributed optical fiber 31 (with an optical fiber grating sensor 4) is bound in the notch, and the distributed optical fiber 31 is adhered by epoxy resin; the distribution optical fibers 31 are then routed at a location, such as 50-100cm, from the top of the ramp line 2.
(3) Arranging a free methane monitoring unit at the cracking position of the upper part of the landslide line to monitor the flow of free methane released by the decomposition of the hydrate and obtain the change information of the free methane on a time sequence;
(4) monitoring the seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle based on a seawater environment monitoring unit;
(5) and analyzing dissolved methane flux of a leakage source in the water body, seawater environment parameters near a bubble plume nozzle and data acquired by a slope measuring unit, and realizing comprehensive monitoring of landslide and environmental change of a slope with natural gas hydrate existing at the edge of a continent.
Therefore, in-situ, real-time, continuous and multi-parameter monitoring of the atmospheric disasters of the shallow surface layer hydrates at the bottom of the sea at the edge of the continent is completed, and leakage gas flux, water body chemical change and stress and strain data of the landslide body are obtained for comprehensive analysis of a user, so that early warning effect is achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A dynamic continental margin hydrate environment geological monitoring system is characterized by comprising an inclinometry unit, a free methane monitoring unit, a seawater environment parameter monitoring unit, a data acquisition unit (10) and an in-situ data receiving unit; the inclination measuring unit, the free methane monitoring unit and the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit are connected into a data acquisition unit (10) arranged on the seabed through communication optical cables, the data acquisition unit (10) performs data transmission with a communication satellite (14) through a floating ball (13), and performs data transmission with an in-situ data receiving unit through the communication satellite (14), so that in-situ monitoring of geological dynamic data is realized;
the inclination measuring unit is arranged along a landslide line (2) and used for monitoring the deep deformation degree of a landslide body, inverting the distribution form and the sliding surface position of the landslide thrust and assisting in evaluating the safety state of the landslide body; the free methane monitoring unit is arranged at the upper cracking position of the landslide line (2) and used for monitoring the flow of the free methane (8) released by the decomposition of the hydrate and acquiring the change information of the free methane on the time sequence; the position of the landslide line (2) is determined based on a special structure on the seabed micro-landform and by combining a fracture interpreted on a stratum section, and the special structure comprises a landslide step (17); the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit is arranged at the position of a continental slope in the shallow sea area and used for monitoring seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle.
2. The continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system of claim 1, characterized in that: the inclination measurement unit comprises a distributed optical fiber inclination measurement module (3) and an optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument (6), the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement module (3) is arranged along a landslide line (2) of an investigation target position and comprises a distributed optical fiber (31) with an optical fiber grating sensor (4) and a distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32), the distributed optical fiber (31) is arranged in the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32), and the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32) is connected into the optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument (6) through a transmission optical fiber (5).
3. The continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system of claim 1, characterized in that: the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit adopts a seabed base workstation (9) integrated with a methane sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH meter and an Eh meter to obtain the content of dissolved methane and dissolved oxygen in a water body and the change of the pH value and the Eh value of bottom water along with time in real time.
4. The continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system of claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring system further comprises a power supply (12) connected with the inclinometer unit, the free methane monitoring unit and the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit, and a power supply main body of the power supply (12) adopts a seawater battery, a solar photovoltaic panel or a thermoelectric generator.
5. The monitoring method of the continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining a landslide line (2) for the survey target location;
2) vertically drilling a hole on a landslide body at an investigation target position, wherein the lower part of the drilled hole penetrates through a landslide line, and arranging a slope measuring unit for monitoring the deep deformation degree of the landslide body in the drilled hole;
3) arranging a free methane monitoring unit at the upper cracking position of the landslide line (2) to monitor the flow of free methane released by the decomposition of the hydrate and obtain the change information of the free methane on a time sequence;
4) monitoring the seawater environment parameters near the bubble plume nozzle based on a seawater environment monitoring unit;
5) and analyzing dissolved methane flux of a leakage source in the water body, seawater environment parameters near a bubble plume nozzle and data acquired by a slope measuring unit, and realizing comprehensive monitoring of landslide and environmental change of a slope with natural gas hydrate existing at the edge of a continent.
6. The monitoring method of the continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 1), in the actual investigation, the actual position of the landslide line is determined by utilizing a special structure on the seabed micro-landform and combining the interpreted fracture on the shallow stratum section, wherein the special structure comprises a landslide step (17).
7. The monitoring method of the continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the inclination measurement unit comprises a distributed optical fiber inclination measurement module (3) and an optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument (6), the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement module (3) is arranged along a landslide line (2) of an investigation target position and comprises a distributed optical fiber (31) with an optical fiber grating sensor (4) and a distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32), the distributed optical fiber (31) is arranged in the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32), and the distributed optical fiber inclination measurement pipe (32) is connected into the optical fiber modulation and demodulation instrument (6) through a transmission optical fiber (5).
8. The monitoring method of the continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the seawater environment parameter monitoring unit adopts a seabed base workstation (9) integrated with a methane sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH meter and an Eh meter to obtain the content of dissolved methane and dissolved oxygen in a water body and the change of the pH value and the Eh value of bottom water along with time in real time.
9. The monitoring method of the continental margin hydrate environment geological dynamic monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 2), drilling a hole at a proper position of the position where the landslide step (17) appears on the landslide body, binding the distributed optical fiber (31) in the notch on the pipe wall of the distributed optical fiber inclinometer pipe (32), and sticking the distributed optical fiber with epoxy resin; then the distributed optical fibers (31) are arranged at a certain position away from the top of the ramp line (2).
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| CN113175951B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-07-12 | 浙江大学 | Deep sea hydrate in-situ three-dimensional monitoring system |
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