CN111235696A - Bismuth-phosphorus-sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for sodium ion battery, preparation method of bismuth-phosphorus-sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material and sodium ion battery - Google Patents
Bismuth-phosphorus-sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for sodium ion battery, preparation method of bismuth-phosphorus-sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material and sodium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery, a preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material and the sodium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery comprises the following steps of: mixing polyacrylonitrile, bismuth salt and an organic solvent to prepare a mixed solution, and then carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare a spinning fiber; pre-oxidizing the prepared spinning fiber at the temperature of 250-300 ℃ for 1-3h, and then, preserving the temperature at the temperature of 700-900 ℃ for 1-3h in an inert atmosphere to prepare a precursor; the prepared precursor is evenly mixed with phosphorus and sulfur and calcined at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 4-7 days to obtain the catalyst. The material prepared by the preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery has a one-dimensional nanowire structure, is stable in structure in the charging and discharging process, and has high specific discharge capacity and good cycling stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery, a preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material and the sodium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries.
Background
The traditional fossil energy (such as coal, petroleum and the like) has limited reserves, and the existing fossil energy reserves are sharply reduced due to the unregulated exploitation and use, so that the increasing production and living needs of human beings cannot be met. More seriously, fossil fuels cause environmental pollution and harm the health of people. Therefore, it is becoming a trend to find green and environment-friendly new energy sources and to promote the development of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like have the characteristics of rich resources, cleanness, no pollution and the like, and are an effective way for solving the energy problem. However, solar energy, wind energy and the like are limited by natural conditions, have the characteristics of intermittence, instability and the like, and are difficult to ensure the stability of a power grid and the continuity of power supply. If new energy power generation cooperates with the novel energy storage technology with low cost, long service life and high energy density, the stability of power supply can be ensured.
The secondary battery has the advantages of high efficiency and convenience as a novel energy storage technology, wherein the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, high working voltage, no memory effect, small self-discharge, wide working temperature range and the like, and is widely applied. However, lithium raw materials are limited in resources and expensive, and cannot meet the increasing demand. In order to ensure large-scale and sustainable utilization of renewable clean energy, sodium ion batteries are receiving more and more attention as one of the most promising energy storage devices due to the advantages of abundant and widely distributed sodium resources. However, due to the large size of sodium ions (Na)+Radius of 1.02 a) and solid electrolyteThe electrochemical performance is not ideal due to the unstable interface layer, and the like, and the development and application of the sodium ion battery are greatly hindered.
The battery material has important influence on the electrochemical performance of the sodium-ion battery, wherein the negative electrode material has obvious effect on improving the overall performance of the sodium-ion battery because the negative electrode material can improve the reaction kinetics of sodium ions in the intercalation and deintercalation process and weaken the volume change in the charge and discharge process.
At present, carbon-based materials such as graphite, carbon fiber and the like are still adopted as the negative electrode materials of the sodium-ion battery, but the negative electrode of the carbon material has the problems of strong irreversibility, poor rate capability, serious attenuation and the like.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN108232161A discloses a sodium ion battery, which includes a negative electrode plate, a positive electrode plate, an electrolyte, and a diaphragm, wherein the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode material coated on the negative current collector, and the negative electrode material includes bismuth or tin. The sodium ion battery has better cycle performance and higher coulombic efficiency, but the specific capacity of the cathode material of the sodium ion battery still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery, which aims to solve the problem that the specific capacity of the negative electrode material is low in the prior art.
The invention also provides the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium-ion battery prepared by the method and the sodium-ion battery using the cathode material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a preparation method of a bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) mixing polyacrylonitrile, bismuth salt and an organic solvent to prepare a mixed solution, and then carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare a spinning fiber;
2) pre-oxidizing the spinning fiber prepared in the step 1) at the temperature of 250-300 ℃ for 1-3h, and then, performing heat preservation at the temperature of 700-900 ℃ for 1-3h in an inert atmosphere to prepare a precursor;
3) uniformly mixing the precursor prepared in the step 2) with phosphorus and sulfur, and calcining at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 4-7d to obtain the catalyst.
The cathode material prepared by the preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery is of a one-dimensional nanowire structure, and the diameter of the nanowire is 600-2500 nm.
In the step 1), the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to bismuth salt is 1: 0.5-1.
The organic solvent in the step 1) is N, N-dimethylformamide.
In the step 1), the polyacrylonitrile and the bismuth salt are mixed with the organic solvent, namely the polyacrylonitrile and the bismuth salt are added into the organic solvent and stirred overnight at the temperature of 55-65 ℃. Preferably, stirring is carried out overnight at 60 ℃.
In the step 1), the distance between the injection head and the receiver is 15-20cm during electrostatic spinning, and the applied voltage is 14-25 kV. The speed of the pushing in the injection head during the electrostatic spinning in the step 1) is 0.75-1.0mL/h, and preferably 0.8 mL/h.
The bismuth salt is any one of bismuth chloride, bismuth nitrate and bismuth acetate.
The pre-oxidation is carried out in air. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere or argon atmosphere.
In the step 1), the mass fraction of polyacrylonitrile in the mixed liquid is 8-12%.
The pre-oxidation in step 2) is carried out in air. The temperature of the pre-oxidation in step 2) is preferably 270-290 ℃.
The calcination in step 3) is air-insulated calcination. The mass ratio of bismuth to phosphorus to sulfur in the precursor in the step 3) is 1:1: 3-5.
The bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium ion battery prepared by the method.
The utility model provides a sodium ion battery, includes positive pole, negative pole, diaphragm and electrolyte, the negative pole includes the negative pole mass flow body and sets up the negative material layer on the negative pole mass flow body, the negative material layer includes negative active material, the negative active material is foretell bismuth phosphorus sulphur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for sodium ion battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery utilizes an electrostatic spinning technology and a high-temperature solid-phase reaction to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon nanofiber composite material, and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The material prepared by the preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery has a one-dimensional nanowire structure, has a large specific surface area, is beneficial to the embedding and the separation of sodium ions, has a stable structure in the charging and discharging processes, and has high specific discharge capacity and good cycling stability. In the composite material, the doping of the phosphorus element can adjust the structure of bismuth sulfide, and the phosphorus can generate an additional electrochemical reaction with sodium in the charge-discharge process, so that the capacity of the material is further improved.
The mass percentage of bismuth, phosphorus and sulfur in the material prepared by the preparation method of the bismuth, phosphorus and sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium-ion battery is about 50%, the carbon content is high, and carbon is uniformly distributed in the material, so that the conductivity of the material is further improved, and the rate capability of the material is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium ion battery prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium ion battery prepared in example 1;
fig. 3 is a cycle curve of the sodium ion battery in example 1;
fig. 4 is a rate performance curve for the sodium ion battery in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) adding 1.0g Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 0.8g bismuth chloride to 10mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and stirring overnight at 60 ℃ to obtain a transparent viscous electrospinning solution;
2) adding the electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step 1) into an injector of an electrostatic spinning device, setting the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil receiver to be 18cm, applying the voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field to be 20kV, and then injecting at a propelling speed of 1mL/h to carry out electrostatic spinning;
3) calcining the filaments obtained by electrostatic spinning in the step 2) in air at 280 ℃ for 2h to obtain fibers, and then heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a bismuth/carbon precursor;
4) mixing the prepared bismuth/carbon precursor with red phosphorus and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:4, transferring the mixture into a quartz tube, sealing the quartz tube, and calcining the quartz tube at 590 ℃ for 5 days to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery.
The sodium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a metal sodium plate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector copper foil and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative material layer comprises a negative active substance, a conductive agent and a binder, the negative active substance is the prepared bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery, the conductive agent is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery to the single-walled carbon nanotube to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 7:2: 1. The membrane is glass fiber membrane (Whatman GF/C), and the electrolyte is dissolved with sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF)6) Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC is 1:1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution is 1:1), the mixed solution is used as an electrolyte, and the concentration of sodium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 1.0 mol/L.
Example 2
The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) adding 1.0g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 0.5g of bismuth chloride into 10mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and then stirring overnight at 60 ℃ to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution;
2) adding the electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step 1) into an injector of an electrostatic spinning device, setting the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil receiver to be 15cm, applying the voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field to be 18kV, and then injecting at a propelling speed of 1.2mL/h to carry out electrostatic spinning;
3) calcining the filaments obtained by electrostatic spinning in the step 2) in air at 280 ℃ for 2h to obtain fibers, and then heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a bismuth/carbon precursor;
4) mixing the prepared bismuth/carbon precursor with red phosphorus and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:4, transferring the mixture into a quartz tube, sealing the quartz tube, and calcining the quartz tube at 590 ℃ for 5 days to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery.
The sodium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a metal sodium plate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector copper foil and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative material layer comprises a negative active substance, a conductive agent and a binder, the negative active substance is the prepared bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery, the conductive agent is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery to the single-walled carbon nanotube to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 7:2: 1. The membrane is glass fiber membrane (Whatman GF/C), and the electrolyte is dissolved with sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF)6) Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC is 1:1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution is 1:1), the mixed solution is used as an electrolyte, and the concentration of sodium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 1.0 mol/L.
Example 3
The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) adding 1.0g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 1.0g of bismuth chloride to 10mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and stirring overnight at 60 ℃ to obtain a transparent and viscous electrospinning solution;
2) adding the electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step 1) into an injector of an electrostatic spinning device, setting the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil receiver to be 18cm, applying the voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field to be 25kV, and then injecting at the advancing speed of 0.8mL/h to carry out electrostatic spinning;
3) calcining the filaments obtained by electrostatic spinning in the step 2) in air at 280 ℃ for 2h to obtain fibers, and then heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain a bismuth/carbon precursor;
4) mixing the prepared bismuth/carbon precursor with red phosphorus and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:4, transferring the mixture into a quartz tube, sealing the quartz tube, and calcining the quartz tube at 590 ℃ for 5 days to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery.
The sodium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a metal sodium plate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector copper foil and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative material layer comprises a negative active substance, a conductive agent and a binder, the negative active substance is the prepared bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery, the conductive agent is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery to the single-walled carbon nanotube to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 7:2: 1. The membrane is glass fiber membrane (Whatman GF/C), and the electrolyte is dissolved with sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF)6) Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC is 1:1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution is 1:1), the mixed solution is used as an electrolyte, and the concentration of sodium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 1.0 mol/L.
Example 4
The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) adding 1.0g of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 1.0g of bismuth nitrate into 20mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and then stirring overnight at 55 ℃ to obtain a transparent and viscous electrospinning solution;
2) adding the electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step 1) into an injector of an electrostatic spinning device, setting the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil receiver to be 15cm, applying the voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field to be 20kV, and then injecting at the advancing speed of 0.8mL/h to carry out electrostatic spinning;
3) calcining the filaments obtained by electrostatic spinning in the step 2) in air at 250 ℃ for 3h to obtain fibers, and then heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 1h to obtain a bismuth/carbon precursor;
4) mixing the prepared bismuth/carbon precursor with red phosphorus and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3, transferring the mixture into a quartz tube, sealing the quartz tube, and calcining the quartz tube at 500 ℃ for 7 days to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery.
The sodium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a metal sodium plate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector copper foil and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative material layer comprises a negative active substance, a conductive agent and a binder, the negative active substance is the prepared bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery, the conductive agent is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery to the single-walled carbon nanotube to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 7:2: 1. The membrane is glass fiber membrane (Whatman GF/C), and the electrolyte is dissolved with sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF)6) Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC is 1:1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution is 1:1), the mixed solution is used as an electrolyte, and the concentration of sodium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 1.0 mol/L.
Example 5
The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) adding 1.0g Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 0.75g bismuth nitrate to 20mL of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and stirring overnight at 65 ℃ to obtain a transparent viscous electrospinning solution;
2) adding the electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step 1) into an injector of an electrostatic spinning device, setting the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil receiver to be 20cm, applying the voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field to be 15kV, and then injecting at the advancing speed of 0.8mL/h to carry out electrostatic spinning;
3) calcining the filaments obtained by electrostatic spinning in the step 2) in the air at 300 ℃ for 1h to obtain fibers, and then heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 3h to obtain a bismuth/carbon precursor;
4) mixing the prepared bismuth/carbon precursor with red phosphorus and sulfur powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:5, transferring the mixture into a quartz tube, sealing the quartz tube, and calcining the quartz tube at 650 ℃ for 4 days to prepare the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber cathode material for the sodium ion battery.
The sodium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate is a metal sodium plate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector copper foil and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative material layer comprises a negative active substance, a conductive agent and a binder, the negative active substance is the prepared bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery, the conductive agent is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative material for the sodium ion battery to the single-walled carbon nanotube to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 7:2: 1. The membrane is glass fiber membrane (Whatman GF/C), and the electrolyte is dissolved with sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF)6) Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC: DEC is 1:1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution is 1:1), the mixed solution is used as an electrolyte, and the concentration of sodium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 1.0 mol/L.
Test examples
(1) Physical Property test
XRD (X-ray diffraction) tests are carried out on the bismuth-phosphorus-sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium ion battery prepared in example 1, and the results are shown in figure 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the negative electrode material of bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber for sodium-ion battery prepared in example 1 is matched with PDF1-359 of standard card.
The bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium ion battery prepared in example 1 was subjected to SEM test, and the result is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the material prepared in example 1 has a three-dimensional network structure formed by criss-crossing a plurality of 500-600nm fibers.
(2) Electrochemical performance test
The sodium ion battery prepared in example 1 was charged at 100mA g-1The charge-discharge cycle was carried out at the current density of (1), and the charge-discharge cycle curve is shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium ion battery has good charge and discharge stability, is not obviously attenuated after being stably circulated for 60 circles, and has the specific capacity approximately maintained at 500mAg in the circulation process-1Left and right.
The sodium ion batteries prepared in example 1 were charged at 50mA g-1、100mA g-1、200mA g-1、500mA g-1、1000mA g-1、2000mA g-1、5000mA g-1The charge and discharge cycles were carried out at the current density of (1), and the cycle curve is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the batteries have relatively high capacity with high coulombic efficiency at different discharge rates.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing polyacrylonitrile, bismuth salt and an organic solvent to prepare a mixed solution, and then carrying out electrostatic spinning to prepare a spinning fiber;
2) pre-oxidizing the spinning fiber prepared in the step 1) at the temperature of 250-300 ℃ for 1-3h, and then, performing heat preservation at the temperature of 700-900 ℃ for 1-3h in an inert atmosphere to prepare a precursor;
3) uniformly mixing the precursor prepared in the step 2) with phosphorus and sulfur, and calcining at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 4-7d to obtain the catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to bismuth salt is 1: 0.5-1.
3. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the organic solvent in the step 1) is N, N-dimethylformamide.
4. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the polyacrylonitrile and the bismuth salt are mixed with the organic solvent, namely the polyacrylonitrile and the bismuth salt are added into the organic solvent and stirred overnight at the temperature of 55-65 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the distance between the injection head and the receiver is 15-20cm during electrostatic spinning, and the applied voltage is 14-20 kV.
6. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the bismuth salt is any one of bismuth chloride, bismuth nitrate and bismuth acetate.
7. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1), the mass fraction of polyacrylonitrile in the mixed liquid is 8-12%.
8. The preparation method of the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber anode material for the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of bismuth to phosphorus to sulfur in the precursor in the step 3) is 1:1: 3-5.
9. The bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium-ion battery prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.
10. The utility model provides a sodium ion battery, includes positive pole, negative pole, diaphragm and electrolyte, the negative pole includes the negative current collector and sets up the negative material layer on the negative current collector, the negative material layer includes negative active material, its characterized in that: the negative electrode active material is the bismuth phosphorus sulfur/carbon composite nanofiber negative electrode material for the sodium ion battery according to claim 9.
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