CN111230299A - Laser welding online detection device and method - Google Patents
Laser welding online detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111230299A CN111230299A CN202010170423.3A CN202010170423A CN111230299A CN 111230299 A CN111230299 A CN 111230299A CN 202010170423 A CN202010170423 A CN 202010170423A CN 111230299 A CN111230299 A CN 111230299A
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- laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The application discloses laser welding on-line detection device and method, and the device comprises: a galvanometer unit and a detection unit; the galvanometer unit is used for deflecting laser emitted by the laser so that the laser is aligned with a welding part of a welding object; the detection unit is used for detecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser in real time during welding. The plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light of the laser during welding are collected, and the signal is logically judged to obtain the quality of welding, so that the influence of subjective judgment of personnel is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding online detection device and method.
Background
The laser welding has the characteristics of large energy density, high production efficiency, easy automation, small thermal deformation of a welded object, small heat affected zone, no limitation to a conductive material, no generation of X-rays in the welding process, no influence of a magnetic field, no need of vacuum working conditions and the like. However, the actual process of laser welding an object is a complex physicochemical process that is influenced and acted upon by a number of other factors. Such as: melting of the material, evaporation, the appearance of plasma. Wherein, the melting of the material can form a small melting hole to cause the change of the incident angle of the laser on the surface of the material, thereby causing Fresnel (Fresnel) absorption and greatly improving the absorption rate of the object to the laser; the plasma can reflect, absorb and the like the laser, thereby generating certain influence on laser focusing and laser energy. In addition, when laser welding is performed for a long time, the performance of the optical component changes due to long-term heating, and the surface state of the optical component is also affected by uneven surface distribution due to heating. In addition, in the long-term laser welding process, the repeated positioning precision of a mechanical system is reduced, and the clamping jig is operated for a long time and produces factors such as local micro deformation in the transportation process, so that the clamping jig can have equipment defects such as overlarge gaps and malposition. Thereby affecting the quality of laser welding products.
In order to effectively detect the quality of laser welding, in the prior art, a laser system, a vision system, a galvanometer unit and a welding detection unit form a core component for welding a lithium battery cell. The welding process is more automatic and controllable, the cost of the whole set of automatic equipment is reduced, the function of rapidly providing the quality result of a welding product is realized, the welding process is controllable, and personnel do not need to be arranged to detect the quality of each product, so that the cost of the personnel can be greatly reduced.
However, many current detection units are in visual appearance detection, and cannot reflect the quality of welding products essentially, so that a large number of unqualified products flow into the market, and a small potential safety hazard is brought to the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a laser welding online detection device and method, which can eliminate the influence of subjective judgment of personnel and improve the welding processing efficiency.
In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides an online detection device for laser welding, the device comprising: a galvanometer unit and a detection unit;
the galvanometer unit is used for deflecting laser emitted by a laser so that the laser is aligned with a welding part of a welding object;
the detection unit is used for detecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser in real time during welding.
Optionally, the system further comprises a laser collimation unit;
the laser collimation unit is connected with the laser through an optical fiber and used for reducing the divergence angle of the optical fiber when the optical fiber emits light and completing the modeling of laser beams.
Optionally, the detection unit includes a first coated lens, a second coated lens, a third coated lens, an optical filter and a focusing lens; the device also comprises a plasma probe, a laser probe and a temperature probe;
the first film-coated lens is used for reflecting the laser after laser collimation so that the reflected laser enters the galvanometer unit;
the second film plating lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the plasma probe so that the plasma probe collects the corresponding plasma concentration in the reflected light;
the third film-coated lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the laser probe so that the laser probe collects the corresponding laser reflection intensity in the reflected light;
the optical filter is used for filtering the reflected light to obtain the reflected light with corresponding wavelength;
the focusing lens is used for amplifying the filtered reflected light and inputting the amplified reflected light to the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe, so that the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe can acquire corresponding signals.
Optionally, the system further comprises a data processing module;
the data processing module is used for comparing the collected plasma concentration, laser reflection and temperature signals of the reflected light with a set threshold value, and judging the quality of the welding object.
Optionally, the first coated lens, the second coated lens and the third coated lens are half-reflecting and half-permeable 45-degree coated lenses.
Optionally, the galvanometer unit comprises a galvanometer plate;
the galvanometer lens is used for deflecting the laser input into the galvanometer module so that the laser is aligned with a welding position of a welding object.
Optionally, a visual unit is also included;
the visual unit is used for positioning the welding position and carrying out visual appearance detection on the welding position.
Optionally, the visual unit includes a camera, a lens and a light source;
the camera and the lens are used for positioning the welding part and acquiring an image of the welding part in real time;
the light source is used for providing brightness of the welding position.
The second aspect of the present application provides an online detection method for laser welding, including:
acquiring reflected light during laser welding;
and respectively collecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light, and carrying out logic judgment on the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light to obtain the welding quality of the welding object.
Optionally, the method further includes: and positioning the welding part and acquiring the image of the welding part in real time.
According to the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages:
the application provides a laser welding online detection device and a method, wherein the device comprises a galvanometer unit and a detection unit; the galvanometer unit is used for deflecting laser emitted by the laser so that the laser is aligned with a welding part of a welding object; the detection unit is used for detecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser in real time during welding.
According to the method, the signals of the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light are acquired by adopting the detection unit, and the quality during welding is judged through objective comparison, so that the influence of subjective factors of personnel on judging the quality of products is eliminated. In addition, the time of artificial judgment is reduced through the automatic judgment of the system, so that the customer requirements of mass products are met, the products do not need to stay at the positions of the workpieces to be welded for processing, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an online detection device for laser welding according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an on-line laser welding inspection method according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an on-line laser welding detection apparatus according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding online detection device according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detection signal of an on-line laser welding detection device according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a detection signal of the laser welding online detection device during welding according to the present application;
fig. 7 is a detection guide diagram of a detection unit in the laser welding on-line detection device according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an on-line laser welding detection apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
a galvanometer unit 101 and a detection unit 102; the galvanometer unit 101 is used for deflecting laser emitted by a laser so that the laser is aligned with a welding part of a welding object; the detection unit 102 is used to detect the plasma concentration, the laser reflection, and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser light during welding in real time.
When the laser enters the galvanometer unit 101, in order to align the laser with the welding position of the workpiece to be welded, the laser needs to be deflected, so that the laser can accurately weld the welding position; during welding, laser can reflect along the galvanometer piece to in inciting somebody to action the reverberation transmits into detecting element 102, make detecting element 102 can gather corresponding plasma concentration, laser reflection and the temperature information in the reverberation, and analyze the information of gathering, thereby can feed back current welding quality in real time, contain the plasma concentration, laser reflection and the temperature information that influence the laser welding quality in the reverberation.
In a specific embodiment, the laser device further comprises a laser collimation unit 103, wherein the laser collimation unit 103 is connected with the laser through an optical fiber and is used for reducing the divergence angle of the optical fiber when the optical fiber emits light and completing the shaping of the laser beam.
It should be noted that the laser is connected to the laser alignment unit through the optical fiber, so that the laser emitted from the laser passes through the laser alignment unit to shape the laser beam and reduce the divergence angle of the laser beam.
In a specific embodiment, the detection unit 102 includes a first coated lens, a second coated lens, a third coated lens, a filter and a focusing lens; the device also comprises a plasma probe, a laser probe and a temperature probe; the first film coating lens is used for reflecting the laser after laser collimation so that the reflected laser enters the galvanometer unit; the second film coating lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the plasma probe so that the plasma probe collects the corresponding plasma concentration in the reflected light; the third film-coated lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the laser probe so that the laser probe collects the corresponding laser reflection intensity in the reflected light; the optical filter is used for filtering the reflected light to obtain the reflected light with corresponding wavelength; the focusing lens is used for amplifying the filtered reflected light and inputting the amplified reflected light to the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe, so that the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe can acquire corresponding signals.
It should be noted that the detection unit 102 may be used to collect the plasma concentration, the laser reflection, and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser during welding. Specifically, when the reflected light is input into the detection unit 102, the reflected light is transmitted to the second coated lens through the first coated lens, and the reflected light is reflected by the second coated lens and sequentially passes through the optical filter and the focusing lens to enter the plasma probe, so that the plasma probe collects the indirect plasma concentration of the reflected light; in addition, the reflected light is transmitted to a third coated lens through the second coated lens, and the third coated lens reflects the reflected light and sequentially passes through the optical filter and the focusing lens to the laser probe, so that the laser probe can indirectly acquire the indirect laser reflection intensity of the reflected light; the reflected light continuously penetrates through the third film-coated lens and sequentially passes through the optical filter and the focusing lens to reach the temperature probe, so that the temperature probe collects temperature signals. The filter filters out the reflected light having an unnecessary wavelength from the reflected light and transmits the reflected light having a necessary wavelength; the focusing lens is used for amplifying the filtered reflected light, so that the weak reflected light reaches the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe for detection, and the detection unit can refer to the schematic structural diagram shown in fig. 3.
In a specific implementation manner, the welding device further comprises a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is used for comparing the collected plasma concentration, laser reflection and temperature signals of the reflected light with a set threshold value to judge the quality of the welding object.
It should be noted that, the collected signals may be processed according to a preset algorithm to obtain the judgment of the welding quality; specifically, the collected signal may be compared with a preset threshold value, so as to determine the quality of the actual welding, and output and display the quality result.
In one specific embodiment, the first coated lens, the second coated lens and the third coated lens are half-reflective and half-transparent 45-degree coated lenses.
It should be noted that the first coated lens, the second coated lens and the third coated lens are all half-reflective and half-transparent 45-degree coated lenses, wherein the first coated lens can totally reflect the laser passing through the laser collimation unit to the galvanometer unit due to coating treatment, and can also transmit the reflected light emitted to the first coated lens to the second coated lens; similarly, the second coated lens can reflect the reflected light which is emitted to the second coated lens to the plasma probe and transmit the reflected light to the third coated lens; the third coated lens reflects the reflected light to the laser probe and transmits the reflected light to the temperature probe.
In a particular embodiment, the galvanometer unit comprises a galvanometer plate; the vibrating lens is used for deflecting the laser input into the vibrating lens module, so that the laser is aligned to the welding position of the welding object.
It should be noted that two galvanometer pieces may be provided, and the specific setting of the two galvanometer pieces may refer to the setting in fig. 3, or certainly, multiple galvanometer pieces may be provided, the galvanometer unit may control the galvanometer pieces so that the laser may be precisely deflected to the welding position, the welding process may generate reflected light with a wavelength to be detected, and the reflected light may be reflected back to the detection unit along the incident direction of the laser.
In a particular embodiment, the system further comprises a visual unit; the visual unit is used for positioning the welding part and carrying out visual appearance detection on the welding part.
The visual unit is used for performing visual appearance detection on the welding workpiece, and judging the quality of the welding workpiece by observing the appearance of the welding workpiece, and is specifically the visual unit shown in fig. 4.
In a particular embodiment, the vision unit includes a camera, a lens, and a light source; the camera and the lens are used for positioning the welding part and acquiring the image of the welding part in real time; the light source is used for providing the brightness of the welding position.
It should be noted that when welding is required, the welding workpiece, the laser focus and the camera depth of field are all located on the same plane, and when image sampling is performed on the welding result, the welding position needs to be positioned, and a corresponding image is acquired.
In a specific embodiment, the basic detection flow of the device comprises: when a workpiece to be processed enters a processing area through a platform guide rail, the manipulator provided with the galvanometer unit moves to a spatial teaching point position above the workpiece to be processed, and the teaching point position is on the same plane integrating a laser focus and the depth of field of a camera. And controlling the motion card to trigger the servo motor to move the workpiece machine to be processed to a specified processing position, simultaneously triggering the detection unit through IO to start detection, and triggering the laser to emit light. The laser irradiates the surface of the workpiece to heat the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to complex physical changes in a very short time, and at the moment, the plasma probe, the laser probe and the temperature probe (three sensors) acquire signals with complex physical changes during processing through reflected light during the processing of the workpiece, and the specific working principle of the device is shown in fig. 7. The collected signals are normalized and stored through the processing of a filter algorithm of a collecting card. When the access unit is reached, corresponding signal data can be acquired, the data are processed through different algorithms, or the data are compared with threshold data summarized after an experiment, so that the quality of a processed workpiece is judged, and then the data are displayed for a worker to check. In addition, the personalized detection setting can be carried out according to different quality requirements of the processed workpiece products of customers.
It should be noted that, while welding the workpiece, the detection unit may also perform real-time signal acquisition on the selected detection index. Any 1 to 3 sensors in the three sensors can be selected for signal acquisition, and specifically, the plasma ultraviolet reflection light, the reflected laser light and the thermal radiation are detected at corresponding wavelengths by utilizing optical elements such as a total reflection/semi-reflection 45-degree film coating lens, an optical filter and a focusing lens through a light path which is verified in advance. The sensor transmits a plurality of paths of detected signals to the acquisition card in real time, the acquisition card filters invalid signals through a specific filtering algorithm, effective signals are stored in a signal cache region of the acquisition card, and when the data in the cache region meet the reading requirement, the data are read. And the read data is subjected to graphic processing, the original data can be presented according to a set processing mode, and the original data is stored in a set area. When a welding product quality result needs to be given in real time, secondary processing can be carried out on the data, and the original data and a numerical value representing a quality index are compared to obtain judgment of the quality of the product.
As shown in fig. 5, the waveform at the box in the figure indicates that there is secondary welding in the welding area under the condition of continuous light emitting, and the device can make real-time judgment on the NG graph of the product quality according to the data detected by the sensor and the requirement of the preset product quality index, and judge whether the larger convex display occurs in the curve. For example, the curve within the box in fig. 5 has a projection, i.e., a secondary weld indicating the presence of a weld zone.
Fig. 6 shows a diagram of a welding material object and a detection software for welding two identical products when single-point light emission is performed. It can be seen that 6 welding spots are normally welded in real objects, and the device makes real-time judgment on the OK image of the product quality according to the data detected by the sensor and the preset product quality detection requirement; two welding spots of welding deviation exist in the welded object, and the real-time judgment of the NG graph of the product quality is made according to the data detected by the sensor and the preset detection requirement of the product quality; and judging that the curve in the upper left square box in the figure 6 is obviously raised, namely, the curve indicates that two welding spots exist in the welding object.
The above is an embodiment of the apparatus of the present application, and the present application also includes an embodiment of a laser welding online detection method, as shown in fig. 2, including:
201. acquiring reflected light during laser welding;
202. and respectively collecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light, and carrying out logic judgment on the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light to obtain the welding quality of the welding object.
In a specific real-time mode, the method further comprises positioning the welding position and acquiring images of the welding position in real time.
According to the method, the signals of the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light are acquired by adopting the detection unit, and the quality during welding is judged through objective comparison, so that the influence of subjective factors of personnel on judging the quality of products is eliminated. In addition, the time of artificial judgment is reduced through the automatic judgment of the system, so that the customer requirements of mass products are met, the products do not need to stay at the positions of the workpieces to be welded for processing, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the apparatus described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a laser welding on-line measuring device which characterized in that includes: a galvanometer unit and a detection unit;
the galvanometer unit is used for deflecting laser emitted by a laser so that the laser is aligned with a welding part of a welding object;
the detection unit is used for detecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature of the reflected light of the laser in real time during welding.
2. The laser welding online detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a laser alignment unit;
the laser collimation unit is connected with the laser through an optical fiber and used for reducing the divergence angle of the optical fiber when the optical fiber emits light and completing the modeling of laser beams.
3. The laser welding online detection device of claim 2, wherein the detection unit comprises a first coated lens, a second coated lens, a third coated lens, an optical filter and a focusing lens; the device also comprises a plasma probe, a laser probe and a temperature probe;
the first film-coated lens is used for reflecting the laser after laser collimation so that the reflected laser enters the galvanometer unit;
the second film plating lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the plasma probe so that the plasma probe collects the corresponding plasma concentration in the reflected light;
the third film-coated lens is used for reflecting the reflected light to the laser probe so that the laser probe collects the corresponding laser reflection intensity in the reflected light;
the optical filter is used for filtering the reflected light to obtain the reflected light with corresponding wavelength;
the focusing lens is used for amplifying the filtered reflected light and inputting the amplified reflected light to the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe, so that the plasma probe/the laser probe/the temperature probe can acquire corresponding signals.
4. The laser welding online detection device according to claim 3, further comprising a data processing module;
the data processing module is used for comparing the collected plasma concentration, laser reflection and temperature signals of the reflected light with a set threshold value, and judging the quality of the welding object.
5. The on-line detection device for laser welding according to claim 3, wherein the first coated lens, the second coated lens and the third coated lens are half-reflective and half-transparent 45-degree coated lenses.
6. The laser welding online detection device according to claim 1, wherein the galvanometer unit comprises a galvanometer plate;
the galvanometer lens is used for deflecting the laser input into the galvanometer module so that the laser is aligned with a welding position of a welding object.
7. The laser welding online detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a vision unit;
the visual unit is used for positioning the welding position and carrying out visual appearance detection on the welding position.
8. The laser welding online detection device according to claim 7, wherein the vision unit comprises a camera, a lens and a light source;
the camera and the lens are used for positioning the welding part and acquiring an image of the welding part in real time;
the light source is used for providing brightness of the welding position.
9. An on-line detection method for laser welding, which is applied to the on-line detection device for laser welding according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
acquiring reflected light during laser welding;
and respectively collecting the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light, and carrying out logic judgment on the plasma concentration, the laser reflection and the temperature signal of the reflected light to obtain the welding quality of the welding object.
10. The laser welding online detection method according to claim 9, further comprising: and positioning the welding part and acquiring the image of the welding part in real time.
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| CN202010170423.3A CN111230299A (en) | 2020-03-12 | 2020-03-12 | Laser welding online detection device and method |
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