CN111224147A - Flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane, preparation method thereof and all-solid-state battery - Google Patents
Flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane, preparation method thereof and all-solid-state battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111224147A CN111224147A CN202010107256.8A CN202010107256A CN111224147A CN 111224147 A CN111224147 A CN 111224147A CN 202010107256 A CN202010107256 A CN 202010107256A CN 111224147 A CN111224147 A CN 111224147A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state battery, wherein the electrolyte membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of flame-retardant compound and 5-20 parts of lithium salt; the flame-retardant compound is prepared by reacting a silane coupling agent and a phosphaphenanthrene compound, wherein the silane coupling agent has a chemical formula of Y (CH)2)nSiX3Y is an organic group containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, X is an oxygen-containing group, and n is 0 to 3; the preparation method of the electrolyte membrane comprises the steps of heating a silane coupling agent, adding a phosphaphenanthrene compound under the protection of inert gas, continuing heating and stirring, and carrying out reduced pressure concentration to obtain a flame-retardant compound; adding the flame-retardant compound into an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, adding lithium salt, and continuously stirring to obtain uniform mixtureAnd (3) coating the solution on a mold, and drying to obtain the product. The electrolyte membrane prepared by the invention has the advantages of high conductivity and good flame retardant effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery solid electrolyte, and particularly relates to a flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery as a new generation energy storage element has the advantages of light weight, high specific energy, long cycle life, no memory effect, no environmental pollution and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of mobile communication, electric vehicles, national defense science and technology and the like. However, the electrolyte commonly used in the current lithium ion battery is liquid, and the electrolyte contains a large amount of organic solvent, so that the electrolyte is easy to leak, easy to burn, easy to volatilize, toxic, poor in safety and reliability, inflammable and explosive, endangering personal safety, limited in size and poor in mechanical property. This severely limited the development of lithium batteries.
The solid substance is adopted as the lithium battery electrolyte, so that the problem can be effectively solved, and the development of the solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, good flame retardance and mechanical property becomes one of the hot spots of the current lithium battery research.
The solid electrolyte comprises inorganic solid electrolyte and polymer solid electrolyte, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte mainly comprises perovskite ABO3, LISICON, NASICON and layered Li3N-type crystalline electrolytes and oxide, sulfide, glassy, amorphous electrolytes; the polymer solid electrolyte mainly takes polymers such as polyoxyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polysiloxane and the like as matrixes.
The main disadvantages of the existing inorganic solid electrolyte are that the material is brittle and hard, the interface contact is poor, and the interface resistance is large. The polymer electrolyte has good film-forming property and flexibility, is in good contact with an electrode, has high stability and controllable size, shows good application prospect, but has the defects of low conductivity and flammability in the conventional polymer electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method thereof and an all-solid-state battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of flame-retardant compound and 5-20 parts of lithium salt; the flame-retardant compound is prepared by a silane coupling agent and a phosphaphenanthrene compound through a crosslinking reaction, wherein the chemical formula of the silane coupling agent is Y (CH)2)nSiX3Wherein Y is an organic group containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, X is an oxygen-containing group, and n is 0 to 3.
Further, Y is a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, an alkenyl group, an amino group, an amide group, or a mercapto group.
Further, X is an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an ester group.
Furthermore, the phosphaphenanthrene compounds contain hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl or phosphorus-hydrogen bonds.
Further, the lithium salt is LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiBOB、LiC4BO8、LiCF3SO3、LiC(SO2CF3)3And LiN (SO)2CF3)2One or two of them.
The preparation method of the flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) heating a silane coupling agent to 150-170 ℃, adding a phosphaphenanthrene compound into the silane coupling agent under the protection of inert gas, heating to 175-185 ℃, stirring for reaction for 7-9h, and then concentrating under the condition of-1 MPa under reduced pressure to obtain a flame-retardant compound, wherein the mass ratio of the phosphaphenanthrene compound to the silane coupling agent is 1: 1-1.5;
(2) adding the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, wherein the mass of the flame-retardant compound accounts for 8-12% of that of the organic solvent, adding a lithium salt, continuously stirring to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a mold, and drying at 40-100 ℃ for 8-14 hours to obtain the flame-retardant organic silicon/aluminum/silicon composite material.
Further, the mass ratio of the phosphaphenanthrene compound to the silane coupling agent in the step (1) is 1:1.3, and the mass of the flame-retardant compound in the step (2) accounts for 10% of the mass of the organic solvent.
Further, the organic solvent in the step (1) is acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
An all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows:
the invention combines the hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl or phosphorus-hydrogen bond of the phosphaphenanthrene compound with the silane coupling agent Y (CH)2)nSiX3The medium Y functional group reacts while the silane coupling agent Y (CH)2)nSiX3The medium X functional group is subjected to self-crosslinking reaction, so that the molecular weight of the compound is further improved, the thermal stability of the compound is improved in a chemical bond and mode, the flame-retardant compound is prepared, the flame-retardant compound is compounded with lithium salt, lithium ions are complexed with a strong electron-donating group in the flame-retardant compound, and the lithium ions are continuously complexed and decomplexed with the strong electron-donating group under the action of a chain segment, so that the lithium ion conduction is realized, and the prepared solid electrolyte has higher conductivity.
The flame-retardant compound plays a role in the phosphorus/silicon synergistic flame-retardant effect in the combustion process: white residues generated by burning organic silicon and carbide form a composite inorganic layer to prevent volatile matters generated by burning from escaping, and the phosphorus element can enable the formed carbon layer to be more compact, further insulate heat and oxygen, prevent burning and improve the flame retardant property of the carbon layer. The flame-retardant compound also has good film-forming property, and the all-solid-state lithium battery prepared from the solid electrolyte film has high conductivity, is difficult to combust and has high safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of conductivity test data for the solid electrolyte prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an infrared characterization plot of the flame retarded compound prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a chart of thermogravimetric test data for the flame retardant compound prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 21.537g of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is taken and added into a three-neck flask, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, then 5.1g of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added into the three-neck flask under the protection of argon, the temperature is raised to 175 ℃ simultaneously, the mixture is magnetically stirred and reacts for 7 hours, and the mixture is decompressed and concentrated under the condition of-1 Mpa to obtain a flame retardant compound;
(2) and (2) adding 0.9g of the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into anhydrous acetonitrile, uniformly stirring by magnetic force, wherein the flame-retardant compound accounts for 8% of the mass of the anhydrous acetonitrile, adding 0.1g of lithium perchlorate, continuously stirring by magnetic force to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a polytetrafluoroethylene die, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte membrane with the thickness of 0.2 mm.
Example 2
A flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 21.537g of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is taken and added into a three-neck flask, the temperature is raised to 170 ℃, then 5.1g of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added into the three-neck flask under the protection of argon, the temperature is raised to 185 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred and reacts for 9 hours, and the mixture is decompressed and concentrated under the condition of-1 Mpa to obtain a flame retardant compound;
(2) and (2) adding 0.8g of the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into tetrahydrofuran, uniformly mixing by magnetic stirring, wherein the flame-retardant compound accounts for 10% of the mass of the tetrahydrofuran, adding 0.2g of lithium bis (trifluorosulfonimide) into the tetrahydrofuran, continuously stirring by magnetic stirring to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and drying at 100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte membrane with the thickness of 0.1 mm.
Example 3
A flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 22.631g of gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane is taken and added into a three-neck flask, the temperature is raised to 160 ℃, then 5.1g of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added into the three-neck flask under the protection of argon, the temperature is raised to 180 ℃, the mixture is magnetically stirred and reacts for 8 hours, and then the mixture is decompressed and concentrated under the condition of-1 Mpa, so that a flame-retardant compound is obtained;
(2) and (2) adding 0.9g of the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into anhydrous acetonitrile, uniformly stirring by magnetic force, wherein the flame-retardant compound accounts for 10% of the mass of the anhydrous acetonitrile, adding 0.1g of lithium bis (trifluorosulfonimide) into the anhydrous acetonitrile, continuously stirring by magnetic force to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and drying at 60 ℃ for 14 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte membrane with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
Example 4
A flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 17.338g of vinyl trimethoxy silane is taken and added into a three-neck flask, the temperature is raised to 155 ℃, then 5.1g of 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide is added into the three-neck flask under the protection of argon, the temperature is raised to 190 ℃ at the same time, the mixture is magnetically stirred and reacts for 9 hours, and the mixture is decompressed and concentrated under the condition of-1 Mpa to obtain a flame-retardant compound;
(2) and (2) adding 0.9g of the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into anhydrous acetonitrile, uniformly stirring by magnetic force, wherein the flame-retardant compound accounts for 9% of the mass of the anhydrous acetonitrile, adding 0.1g of lithium bis (trifluorosulfonimide) into the anhydrous acetonitrile, continuously stirring by magnetic force to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and drying at 90 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte membrane with the thickness of 0.2 mm.
Test examples
The flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membranes prepared in examples 1 to 4 were respectively sandwiched between two stainless steel sheets, and the ionic conductivity was measured at a frequency range of 0.1Hz to 1MHz, and the specific test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
Table 1: conductivity test meter
| Sample name | conductivity/S/cm |
| Example 1 | 1.66×10-5S/cm |
| Example 2 | 5.36×10-6S/cm |
| Example 3 | 4.37×10-6S/cm |
| Example 4 | 6.38×10-6S/cm |
As can be seen from the above table, the electrolyte membrane in example 1 has the maximum electrical conductivity.
Samples of the flame retardant compound of example 1 were coated onto potassium bromide tablets and tested in an infrared tester in the range of 400-4000cm-1Test resolution of 4cm-1The specific test results are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the flame retardant compound was efficiently synthesized.
A sample of 3-8mg of the flame retardant compound of example 1 was weighed into a crucible and its mass change was measured during the temperature increase, wherein the test atmosphere: nitrogen, test temperature: room temperature-800 ℃, heating rate: 10 ℃/min, the specific results are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the decomposition temperature of the flame retardant compound obtained in the example was as high as 225 ℃.
Claims (9)
1. The flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of flame-retardant compound and 5-20 parts of lithium salt; the flame-retardant compound is prepared by a silane coupling agent and a phosphaphenanthrene compound through a crosslinking reaction, wherein the chemical formula of the silane coupling agent is Y (CH)2)nSiX3Y is an organic group containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, X is an oxygen-containing group, and n is 0 to 3.
2. The flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane of claim 1 wherein Y is a hydroxyl, epoxy, alkenyl, amino, amide, or thiol group.
3. The flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane of claim 1 wherein X is an alkoxy, acyloxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or ester group.
4. The flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the phosphaphenanthrene compound contains a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a phosphorus-hydrogen bond.
5. The flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane of claim 1 wherein said lithium salt is LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiPF6、LiBOB、LiC4BO8、LiCF3SO3、LiC(SO2CF3)3And LiN (SO)2CF3)2One or two of them.
6. The method for producing a flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) heating a silane coupling agent to 150-170 ℃, adding a phosphaphenanthrene compound into the silane coupling agent under the protection of inert gas, heating to 175-190 ℃, stirring for reaction for 7-9h, and then concentrating under the condition of-1 MPa under reduced pressure to obtain a flame-retardant compound, wherein the mass ratio of the phosphaphenanthrene compound to the silane coupling agent is 1: 1-1.5;
(2) adding the flame-retardant compound prepared in the step (1) into an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, wherein the mass of the flame-retardant compound accounts for 8-12% of that of the organic solvent, adding a lithium salt, continuously stirring to obtain a uniform solution, coating the solution on a mold, and drying at 40-100 ℃ for 8-14 hours to obtain the flame-retardant organic silicon/aluminum/silicon composite material.
7. The method for producing a flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the phosphaphenanthrene-based compound to the silane coupling agent in step (1) is 1:1.3, and the mass of the flame-retardant compound in step (2) accounts for 10% of the mass of the organic solvent.
8. The method for producing a flame retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the organic solvent in step (1) is acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.
9. An all-solid-state lithium battery comprising the flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN114243101A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-25 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Preparation method of flame-retardant polymer solid electrolyte |
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