CN111221025B - Detector with filament array as cathode, use method and calibration method - Google Patents
Detector with filament array as cathode, use method and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111221025B CN111221025B CN202010070789.3A CN202010070789A CN111221025B CN 111221025 B CN111221025 B CN 111221025B CN 202010070789 A CN202010070789 A CN 202010070789A CN 111221025 B CN111221025 B CN 111221025B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/241—Electrode arrangements, e.g. continuous or parallel strips or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
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- G01T7/005—Details of radiation-measuring instruments calibration techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detector using a wire array as a cathode, a using method and a calibration method, wherein the detector comprises the following components: filament array type cathode assembly: the device comprises a wire array frame, a wire array and a cathode current leading-out component; the wire array frame is a metal sheet with a hole in the center; the wire array comprises at least one metal wire; the cathode current leading-out component is used for fixing the wire array frame and conducting electricity; one end of a metal wire in the wire array is fixed on the wire array frame, the other end of the metal wire penetrates through a hole in the center of the wire array frame, and the metal wire suspended in the hole forms a cathode working area of the detector; a wrap-around anode assembly: a surrounding type anode sheet and an anode lead-out part; the surrounding type anode sheet is a metal sheet with light holes; the anode current leading-out part is used for fixing the ring-wound anode sheet and conducting electricity; the central axis of the filament array frame along the long edge is coincided with the central axis of the surrounding type anode plate, and the detector disclosed by the invention can reach a higher saturation threshold, so that the requirement of measuring stronger soft X-ray radiation flux is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pulse soft X-ray quantitative measurement, in particular to an X-ray diode for measuring strong pulse soft X-ray flux and a calibration and use method thereof.
Background
An X-ray diode is a detector suitable for measuring the flux of strongly pulsed soft X-rays. The cathode active region of a conventional X-ray diode is a planar structure, and its saturation threshold is mainly determined by space charge effect (royal bin, et al, physics, 23(9), p561, 1994). The soft X-ray power generated in modern laboratories using large pulsed power devices or large lasers has been very high. In order to measure soft X-ray flux, it is often necessary to place the X-ray diode several to several tens of meters away from the radiation source (quekunlun, et al, intense laser and particle beam, 28(4), 045009, 2016) in combination with a neutral attenuator with a grid structure to reduce the radiation flux and avoid detector saturation. With the development of pulse power devices and lasers, pulsed soft X-rays will be stronger and stronger, and it will be more difficult to carry out quantitative measurements with existing detectors.
Disclosure of Invention
The X-ray diode in the invention adopts a cathode structure completely different from that of the traditional detector, and can reach a higher saturation threshold, thereby meeting the requirement of measuring stronger soft X-ray radiation flux.
In particular, an X-ray diode of the present invention employs a filament array as a cathode. The photoelectrons generated by the filament array cathode can have a significant space charge effect at a higher radiant flux than that of the conventional cathode. Due to the adoption of cathodes with different structures, the calibration and use method of the X-ray diode is different from that of a traditional detector. The invention also provides a set of feasible calibration and use methods.
The detector of the present invention mainly comprises two components: a wire matrix cathode assembly and a surrounding anode assembly.
Wherein, the silk-matrix cathode assembly contains three parts: the device comprises a wire array frame, a wire array and a cathode current leading-out component. Wherein, the wire array frame is a metal sheet with a hole in the middle and a plane outer surface; the wire array comprises one or more than one metal wire; the cathode current leading-out component is a sheet or linear conductor and is connected with the wire array frame to play the roles of fixing the wire array frame and conducting electricity. The metal wires of the wire array are fixed on a wire array frame in a hanging or welding mode, a hole in the center of the wire array frame is transversely formed in the plane of one outer surface of the wire array frame, the transverse hole is partially linear, and the partial metal wires of the transverse hole form the most core cathode working area of the detector.
Preferably, the holes of the wire array frame are square or round, so that the working area of the detector has a regular shape. The number of the metal wires suspended in the holes is one or more than one, and the metal wires are used for generating photoelectrons by being irradiated by x-rays.
Optimally, the number of the metal wires is 5-10, and the diameter of the metal wires is 5-10 microns, so that the space charge effect of the detector can be generated under strong radiation flux.
Preferably, the metal wire material is tungsten so as to realize the required filament, and the outer surface is coated with metal determining the cathode spectral response curve, so that the detector has the required spectral response characteristic.
Optimally, the arrangement direction of the metal wires is along the long side direction of the wire array frame, and the arrangement modes of the metal wires are distributed in parallel and uniformly so as to reduce the dependence of the sensitivity of the detector on the space position under the condition that the light spots are not uniform.
Preferably, the cathode current leading-out part is a triangular flaky conductor with the bottom width being the same as the width of the wire array frame, and the top of the cathode current leading-out part is connected with a conductor of an external circuit, so that the detector has better electromagnetic performance.
The wraparound anode assembly comprises two components: a surrounding type anode sheet and an anode leading-out part. Wherein, the surrounding type anode sheet is a thin shell-shaped metal sheet which is provided with a light hole and is formed by vertically pulling a specific section; the anode current leading-out component is a flaky or linear conductor and is connected with the surrounding type anode sheet to play the roles of fixing the surrounding type anode sheet and conducting electricity. The inner boundary of the specific section is formed by connecting two parallel line sections and two semicircular arcs, and the length of each line section is larger than or equal to the width of a cathode frame (wire array frame) so that the cathode frame can be placed into the thin-shell-shaped metal sheet, and the wire array frame of the cathode coincides with the central axis of the surrounding type anode sheet along the central axis of the long edge. The optimized distance between the two line sections is 2-3 mm. So that a strong and uniform electric field can be formed between the anode and the cathode.
The light hole is one or more through holes which are positioned on the light facing surface of the surrounding type anode sheet and can allow X-rays to penetrate through. The shape, size and location of the holes meet three requirements: any one of the openings is always opposite to a certain part of the cathode filament, so that incident X-rays can pass through the opening to irradiate a certain position of the cathode filament, and the working area can work; any one opening avoids the cathode filament array frame, so that X rays cannot penetrate through the light transmission hole to irradiate the cathode filament array frame, and the filament array frame is prevented from responding to the X rays; and thirdly, the size of the opening in the direction vertical or approximately vertical to the corresponding cathode filament along the line is not larger than the minimum distance from the anode sheet to the cathode filament array frame. Optimized, the light trap is a plurality of parallel evenly distributed's logical groove, and the width in groove is less than 1mm for the part that is shone on the silk of workspace is more concentrated, reaches higher saturation threshold.
The detector use and calibration method of the present invention is as follows:
the use method of the detector comprises the following steps: and placing the cathode assembly inside the anode assembly, and placing the cathode assembly and the anode assembly on a light path to be detected together to enable the light-transmitting holes on the surrounding type anode sheet to be aligned with the X-rays to be detected. A voltage is applied between the cathode assembly and the anode assembly using an external circuit, with the cathode at the negative pole of the voltage and the anode at the positive pole of the voltage. The optimized voltage volt value is 1000-3000V. The constant or pulsed current flowing from the anode to the cathode upon X-ray irradiation is recorded by an oscilloscope or an ammeter in the external circuit.
The calibration method of the detector comprises the following steps: according to the method for calibrating the detector by adopting the synchrotron radiation monochromatic light source, firstly, the cathode component and the anode component are assembled to be used as the detector according to the using method, and the detector is placed on an adjusting frame near a synchrotron radiation light path. And then the external circuit is connected according to the external circuit connection method of the using method. Under the continuous irradiation of a synchrotron radiation monochromatic light source with known light intensity, the detector is integrally moved for multiple times along two directions perpendicular to the light path, and the current magnitude is recorded once when the detector is moved to a point. By moving several times, the spot illuminated by the center of the spot of the synchrotron radiation beam on the detector where the current magnitude is recorded completely covers the working area of the detector and is uniformly distributed in the working area. And finally, calculating the sensitivity of the detector by averaging the current magnitude measured for multiple times and combining the intensity of the synchrotron radiation light source and the size of a working area of the detector.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the X-ray diode in the invention adopts a cathode structure completely different from that of the traditional detector, and can reach a higher saturation threshold, thereby meeting the requirement of measuring stronger soft X-ray radiation flux.
Compared with the traditional cathode, the X-ray diode adopting the filament array as the cathode has the advantage that the photoelectrons generated by the filament array cathode can have obvious space charge effect under higher radiation flux.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and usage of the detector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the anode assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of closed graph A;
in the figure, 1-cathode component, 2-anode component, 3-part connected with external circuit, 4-filament array frame of cathode component, 5-cathode current leading-out component, 6-part connected with external circuit of cathode current leading-out component, 7-cathode filament array, 8-surrounding type anode sheet, 9-anode current leading-out component, 10-part connected with external circuit of anode current leading-out component, and 11-light hole on surrounding type anode sheet.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and thus are not to be considered limiting.
It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that a number of one element or element is one in one embodiment, while a number of other elements is one in another embodiment, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the cathode filament array 7 is mounted to the filament array frame 4 of the cathode assembly by hooking or welding, so that the cathode filament array 7 passes through the hole in the middle of the filament array frame 4 of the cathode assembly in a straight line. The cathode current lead-out member 5 is connected to the filament array frame 4 of the cathode assembly. The surrounding type anode piece 8 is provided with a light hole 11, and the surrounding type anode piece 8 is connected with the anode current leading-out part 9. The cathode assembly 1 is placed inside the anode assembly 2 such that the central axis of the cathode assembly 1 coincides with the central axis of the anode assembly 2 and the minimum distance of each part of the cathode assembly 1 from the anode assembly 2 is approximately equal. And adjusting the position relation of the cathode filament array 7 and the light transmission holes 11 on the surrounding type anode sheet, so that each hole of the light transmission holes 11 can correspond to certain positions of the cathode filament array 7. The portion 6 of the cathode current lead-out member connected to the external circuit is connected to the external circuit as the cathode of the probe, and the portion 10 of the anode current lead-out member connected to the external circuit is connected to the external circuit as the anode of the probe.
When the cathode filament array is used, the light transmission holes 11 on the surrounding type anode sheet are aligned to the incident direction of X-rays, and the X-rays penetrate through the light transmission holes 11 on the surrounding type anode sheet and irradiate the cathode filament array 7. A voltage is applied between the cathode assembly and the anode assembly using an external circuit, with the cathode at the negative pole of the voltage and the anode at the positive pole of the voltage. The constant or pulsed current flowing from the anode to the cathode upon X-ray irradiation is recorded by an oscilloscope or an ammeter in the external circuit.
When the synchrotron radiation monochromatic X-ray is used for calibration, the light holes 11 on the surrounding type anode sheet are aligned with the synchrotron radiation monochromatic X-ray, and the X-ray penetrates through the light holes 11 on the surrounding type anode sheet to irradiate the cathode filament array 7. A voltage is applied between the cathode assembly and the anode assembly using an external circuit, with the cathode at the negative pole of the voltage and the anode at the positive pole of the voltage. The constant current flowing from the anode to the cathode upon X-ray irradiation was recorded by an ammeter. And moving the detector integrally along two directions perpendicular to the light path for multiple times, and recording the current magnitude once every time the detector moves to a point. By moving several times, the spot illuminated by the center of the spot of the synchrotron radiation beam on the detector where the current magnitude is recorded completely covers the working area of the detector and is uniformly distributed in the working area. And finally, calculating the sensitivity of the detector by averaging the current magnitude measured for multiple times and combining the intensity of the synchrotron radiation light source and the size of a working area of the detector.
Referring to fig. 4, the cross section of the surrounding anode sheet is a closed graph a having a hollow structure and an inner boundary formed by two parallel line segments and two semi-circular arcs, the closed graph a includes: the two parallel line segments are a line segment a and a line segment b, and the two semicircular arcs are a semicircular arc c and a semicircular arc d; the radius of the semicircular arc c is equal to that of the semicircular arc d, the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d are opposite in direction, the center lines of the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d are superposed, the line segment a and the line segment b are parallel and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center lines of the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d, one end of the line segment a is connected with one end of the semicircular arc c, the other end of the line segment a is connected with one end of the semicircular arc d, one end of the line segment b is connected with the other end of the semicircular arc c, and the other end of the line segment b is connected with the other end of the semicircular arc d; the height of the surrounding type anode piece is 5-30mm, the thickness of the surrounding type anode piece is less than 0.5mm, the lengths of the line segment a and the line segment b are equal and are both larger than or equal to the width of the silk array frame, and the distance between the line segment a and the line segment b is 2-4 mm.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A detector for use with a wire array as a cathode, the detector comprising: a wire matrix cathode assembly and a surrounding anode assembly;
wherein, silk matrix formula negative pole subassembly includes: the device comprises a wire array frame, a wire array and a cathode current leading-out component; the wire array frame is a metal sheet with a hole in the center; the wire array comprises at least one metal wire; the cathode current leading-out component is a conductor, is connected with the wire array frame and is used for fixing the wire array frame and conducting electricity; one end of a metal wire in the wire array is fixed on the wire array frame, the other end of the metal wire penetrates through a hole in the center of the wire array frame, and the metal wire suspended in the hole forms a cathode working area of the detector;
the wraparound anode assembly includes: a surrounding type anode sheet and an anode lead-out part; the surrounding type anode sheet is a metal sheet with light holes; the anode current leading-out part is a conductor, is connected with the surrounding type anode sheet, and is used for fixing the surrounding type anode sheet and conducting electricity; the wire array frame can be held to surrounding type anode strip inner space, and the central axis of wire array frame edge long limit coincides with the central axis of surrounding type anode strip.
2. The detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holes of the wire array frame are square or circular, and the number of the metal wires suspended in the holes is at least one.
3. The detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the wires is 5-10, and the diameter of the wires is 5-10 μm.
4. The detector of claim 1, wherein the wire is made of tungsten and the outer surface of the wire is coated with a metal that determines the spectral response of the cathode.
5. The detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wires are arranged in a direction along the long side of the wire array frame in a manner parallel to each other and uniformly distributed.
6. The detector of claim 1, wherein the cathode current extracting member is a triangular plate-shaped conductor having a bottom width equal to the width of the wire array frame, and a top connected to a conductor of an external circuit.
7. The detector of claim 1, wherein the cross section of the surrounding anode plate is a closed figure a having a hollow structure and an inner boundary thereof is composed of two parallel line segments and two semi-circular arcs, the closed figure a comprises: the two parallel line segments are a line segment a and a line segment b, and the two semicircular arcs are a semicircular arc c and a semicircular arc d; the radius of the semicircular arc c is equal to that of the semicircular arc d, the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d are opposite in direction, the center lines of the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d are superposed, the line segment a and the line segment b are parallel and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center lines of the semicircular arc c and the semicircular arc d, one end of the line segment a is connected with one end of the semicircular arc c, the other end of the line segment a is connected with one end of the semicircular arc d, one end of the line segment b is connected with the other end of the semicircular arc c, and the other end of the line segment b is connected with the other end of the semicircular arc d; the height of the surrounding type anode piece is 5-30mm, the thickness of the surrounding type anode piece is less than 0.5mm, the lengths of the line segment a and the line segment b are equal and are both larger than or equal to the width of the silk array frame, and the distance between the line segment a and the line segment b is 2-4 mm.
8. The detector of claim 1, wherein the light hole is one or more through holes on the light-facing surface of the surrounding anode plate, and the through holes are through grooves perpendicular to the height direction of the surrounding anode plate when the number of the light holes is single; when the number of the light holes is multiple, the light holes are through grooves which are vertically and uniformly distributed in the height direction of the surrounding type anode sheet; the width of the through groove is less than or equal to 1 mm.
9. A method of using a detector with a wire array as a cathode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising:
placing the cathode assembly inside the anode assembly, and placing the cathode assembly and the anode assembly on a light path to be detected together to enable the light holes on the surrounding type anode sheet to be aligned with the X-rays to be detected; applying a voltage between the cathode assembly and the anode assembly by using an external circuit, wherein the cathode is at the negative pole of the voltage, and the anode is at the positive pole of the voltage; the constant or pulsed current flowing from the anode to the cathode upon X-ray irradiation is recorded by an oscilloscope or an ammeter in the external circuit.
10. A method for calibrating a detector with a wire array as a cathode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises:
placing the cathode assembly inside the anode assembly, and placing the cathode assembly and the anode assembly on a light path to be detected together to enable the light holes on the surrounding type anode sheet to be aligned with the X-rays to be detected; applying a voltage between the cathode assembly and the anode assembly by using an external circuit, wherein the cathode is at the negative pole of the voltage, and the anode is at the positive pole of the voltage;
under the continuous irradiation of a synchrotron radiation monochromatic light source with known light intensity, the detector is integrally moved for multiple times along two directions perpendicular to the light path, and the current magnitude is recorded once when the detector is moved to a point;
by moving for many times, the points irradiated by the center of the synchronous radiation beam spot on the detector recording the current magnitude are made to be paved in the working area of the detector and uniformly distributed in the working area;
and calculating the sensitivity of the detector by averaging the current magnitude measured for multiple times and combining the intensity of the synchrotron radiation light source and the size of a working area of the detector.
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| JPS5365774A (en) * | 1976-11-25 | 1978-06-12 | Toshiba Corp | Radiant ray detector |
| CN101868112B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2012-10-24 | 西北核技术研究所 | Parallel wire-array Z-pinch load |
| WO2017213996A1 (en) * | 2016-06-05 | 2017-12-14 | Sigray, Inc. | Method and apparatus for x-ray microscopy |
| CN108318907B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-10-01 | 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 | X-ray detection panel and its manufacturing method and X-ray detection device |
| CN108445526B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-05-03 | 西北核技术研究所 | The silk battle array structure and measuring device of high-resolution silk formation beam cross section measuring device |
| HUP1800074A1 (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-30 | Harmat Peter Janos Dr | Wire grid detecting arrangement and nuclear wire grid detector |
| CN108513422B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-06-26 | 西北核技术研究所 | Secondary wire array load for Z-pinch experiment |
| CN109907770B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2023-08-11 | 上海奕瑞光电子科技股份有限公司 | X-ray detector and charge clearing method |
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