CN111220709A - Sound beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in pipeline - Google Patents
Sound beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an acoustic beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in a pipeline, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: an ultrasonic phased array sensor arrangement. Step two: and (4) exciting and receiving the ultrasonic phased array sensor. Step three: considering any angle deflection in the field with the circular pipeline as the boundary, the time delay according to each channel is calculated. Step four: and distributing the time delay obtained by the calculation in the fourth step to each array element excitation channel of the ultrasonic phased array probe, delaying the same excitation electric signal for different time, generating excitation electric signals with equal amplitude and different phases, applying the excitation electric signals to each array element of the phased array probe, generating ultrasonic excitation with equal amplitude and different phases, and generating ultrasonic plane wave deflection at different angles through superposition, cancellation and interference effects of the ultrasonic plane wave excitation and effectively controlling the ultrasonic phased array sound beam deflection in the pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic tomography, and relates to an acoustic beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in a circular pipeline, which is used for solving the problems of errors and control failure caused by curved pipe wall refraction in the ultrasonic phased array acoustic beam deflection process and realizing the visual test of high-precision sound field configuration and multi-phase medium distribution in a closed pipeline in an industrial process.
Background
Ultrasonic Tomography (UT) is a structural imaging technique that reconstructs refractive index, attenuation coefficient, or acoustic impedance distribution inside a field to be measured by arranging an array of Ultrasonic sensors outside the field to be measured and applying certain excitation to obtain boundary voltage measurement data. Compared with other soft field imaging technologies such as Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) and electromagnetic Tomography (MIT), UT has the advantages of non-invasion and high resolution, and compared with higher-precision hard field imaging technologies such as X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) and optical Tomography (OCT), UT is safe to use, simple in structure and capable of realizing real-time imaging. In addition, the UT also has the advantages of non-contact, good directivity, low cost and the like, and is an ideal process visual detection monitoring means. The UT is used as a chromatographic imaging technical means and has wide application in multiphase flow visualization detection, chemical petroleum transportation, aircraft engine exploration and biomedical diagnosis.
The complete ultrasound tomography technique consists of three parts: designing, manufacturing and installing an ultrasonic transducer array; a signal excitation and acquisition system; and (3) an ultrasonic imaging image reconstruction algorithm. The ultrasonic transducer array consists of a plurality of single-wafer probes, the exciting probe converts a voltage signal into an acoustic signal through a reverse piezoelectric effect to form an exciting sound wave, and the receiving probe converts the sensed acoustic signal into an electric signal through the piezoelectric effect to send the electric signal to the detection system; the signal excitation and acquisition system sends a voltage excitation signal to the ultrasonic transducer, records, converts and demodulates a voltage detection signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer, and circularly excites the ultrasonic transducer at different positions through time sequence control; and the image reconstruction algorithm obtains effective measurement data of all the transducers under certain excitation by using the extracted measurement amplitude or transit time obtained by demodulation, and obtains reasonable estimation of the distribution of the content medium in the field by using an image reconstruction method.
The traditional ultrasound tomography technology based on the single wafer probe has certain limitations: the single crystal probe emits sound waves in a fan shape (cone shape), the scanning range is narrow, side lobe attenuation is large under the condition of a wide emission angle, the installation position and the direction of the single crystal probe are fixed, and dynamic configuration and direction-variable scanning of an excitation sound field cannot be realized. In addition: the ultrasonic tomography is heavily dependent on the number of field boundary transducers, and the image reconstruction process has serious ill-conditioned (small disturbance to the measured value can cause large change of the reconstruction result) and under-qualitative (the number of the equations to be solved is far less than the number of unknowns) under the condition of low transducer number. The development of ultrasound tomography is severely limited by the fixed excitation acoustic field format and the limited number of transducers. In order to realize high-precision and non-disturbance ultrasonic tomography visual test, Tan super et al at Tianjin university propose a scanning tomography method based on ultrasonic plane waves in the patent ultrasonic plane wave scanning multi-phase flow visual measurement device, sound beam deflection control is carried out by controlling time delay of each array element in an ultrasonic phased array probe, a sound field is flexibly configured in an area which cannot be detected by a traditional single wafer probe, the quantity of projection data is greatly increased under the condition of not increasing an ultrasonic transducer, and image reconstruction quality is improved.
In the ultrasonic phased array acoustic beam deflection control algorithm, each array element is generally equivalent to a point sound source, time delay is added to an excitation signal of each channel to generate phase difference, and an excitation acoustic wave front surface of each array element is configured through the Huygens theorem to form a deflection acoustic beam with a variable aperture. The method is widely applied to the research of medical ultrasonic phased array imaging and industrial material nondestructive testing. However, in the industrial process, the ultrasonic tomography generally faces a closed test field with a definite physical boundary (such as a pipeline, a container, and the like), and the acoustic properties of media on both sides of the boundary are different, so that a stronger acoustic impedance difference often exists. The sound wave is transmitted from the probe array element to the field region and needs to pass through the physical boundary and generate nonlinear effects such as amplitude attenuation, direction change and the like, so that the control of the deflection time delay of the sound beam generates larger error and the control is invalid. Aiming at the common physical boundary of a circular pipeline in the industrial process, an acoustic beam deflection time delay control method aiming at the curved surface configuration is urgently needed, so that the controllable deflection of the acoustic beam can be realized in circular pipelines with different materials, thicknesses and diameters, and the aim of dynamically configuring and exciting a sound field at high precision is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the control of the deflection delay of the sound beam is invalid due to the fact that the control of the deflection delay of the sound beam is large in error caused by a curved surface physical boundary represented by a circular pipeline, and provides an ultrasonic phased array sound beam deflection delay control method based on travel time equality. In circular pipelines with different materials, thicknesses and diameters, controllable deflection of sound beams is realized, and the purpose of dynamically configuring and exciting a sound field with high precision is achieved. The technical scheme is as follows:
1. an acoustic beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in a pipeline comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ultrasonic phased array sensor arrangement: the ultrasonic phased array probe comprises an ultrasonic sensor array formed by a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes, each ultrasonic phased array probe is a linear array formed by a fixed number of array elements, each array element has the same performance parameter and can be independently excited or received, all the ultrasonic phased array probes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the pipeline, and the surface of each ultrasonic phased array probe is parallel to the tangential direction of the outer wall of the pipeline.
Step two: excitation and reception of the ultrasonic phased array sensor: according to the scheme of cyclic excitation, sequentially selecting an ultrasonic phased array probe for excitation, performing time delay control on M array element channels of the excited phased array probe to enable an acoustic beam to deflect at any angle in a field domain, and meanwhile, receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in a pipeline by all array elements of other phased array probes, and analyzing and processing the signals; and calculating a projection path based on the geometric position and the sound field configuration form, and recording and storing time-varying waveform data of the corresponding path.
Step three: consider thatDeflecting at any angle in a field area with a circular pipeline as a boundary, selecting the array element number of the ultrasonic phased array probe as M, the array element pitch as s, and the thickness of the pipeline, namely the distance between the phased array probe and the tangent line of the physical boundary of the field area to be detected as DT0The deflection angle of the sound beam to be controlled is α, the inner diameter of the pipeline is R, and the sound velocity of the pipeline is c1The sound velocity of the background medium in the field to be measured is c2For the ith array element, the transverse deflection distance dis of the tube wall and the measured field is calculated1，dis2Expressed as follows:
calculating the transition time delta t of the ith array elementi_rotateExpressed as follows:
calculating the time delay t of each array element according to the time delay of each channeldi_rotateExpressed as follows:
tdi_rotate＝max(Δti_rotate)-Δti_rotate
step four: and distributing the time delay obtained by the calculation in the fourth step to each array element excitation channel of the ultrasonic phased array probe, delaying the same excitation electric signal for different time, generating excitation electric signals with equal amplitude and different phases, applying the excitation electric signals to each array element of the phased array probe, generating ultrasonic excitation with equal amplitude and different phases, and generating ultrasonic plane wave deflection at different angles through superposition, cancellation and interference effects of the ultrasonic plane wave excitation and effectively controlling the ultrasonic phased array sound beam deflection in the pipeline.
The invention provides an ultrasonic phased array sound beam deflection time delay control method based on equal travel time aiming at the problem that sound beam deflection time delay control is invalid due to the fact that a curved surface physical boundary represented by a circular pipeline generates large errors, refraction angles of point sound sources at different positions on a curved surface interface are deduced by using Snell's law, then transition time when different array elements reach a selected deflection direction is calculated according to the Wheats's theorem, and time delay information required by exciting channels of the array elements is reversely deduced according to the transition time. By using the method, the controllable deflection of the sound beam can be realized in circular pipelines with different materials, thicknesses and diameters, the dynamic high-precision configuration excitation sound field is achieved, and the solving precision and the image resolution of the reconstruction result are obviously improved on the basis of meeting the real-time requirement of the industrial flow process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic test scheme and sensor arrangement for ultrasonic phased array tomography;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method for controlling the deflection of an ultrasonic phased array probe in the presence of a circular pipe according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing the deflection effect of sound beams using the method of the present invention and the general control method for different inner diameters of pipes.
Detailed Description
The acoustic beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in the pipeline comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an ultrasonic phased array sensor arrangement. The ultrasonic sensor array is formed by a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes, the linear array formed by array elements with fixed number of each ultrasonic phased array probe has the same performance parameters and can be independently excited or received, all the sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the anticlockwise direction, the sensors are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the pipeline, the surfaces of the sensors are all parallel to the tangential direction of the outer wall of the pipeline, and the sensors are coupled with the outer wall of the pipeline by a coupling agent.
Step two: and (4) exciting and receiving the ultrasonic phased array sensor. And sequentially selecting the ultrasonic phased array probes for excitation according to a cyclic excitation scheme. And performing time delay control on M array element channels of the excitation phased array probe to enable the acoustic beam to deflect at any angle in the field. Meanwhile, all array elements of other phased array probes receive ultrasonic signals transmitted in the pipeline and analyze and process the signals; and calculating a projection path based on the geometric position and the sound field configuration form, and recording and storing time-varying waveform data of the corresponding path.
Step three: considering that any angle deflection is carried out in a field area with a circular pipeline as a boundary, the number of array elements of an ultrasonic phased array probe is selected to be M, the pitch of the array elements is selected to be s, and the distance between the thickness of the pipeline (the distance between the phased array probe and a physical boundary tangent line of a measured field area) is selected to be DT0The deflection angle of the sound beam to be controlled is α, the inner diameter of the pipeline is R, and the sound velocity of the pipeline is c1The sound velocity of the background medium in the field to be measured is c2. For the ith array element, calculating the transverse deflection distance dis of the tube wall and the measured field area of the ith array element1，dis2Expressed as follows:
calculating the transition time delta t of the ith array elementi_rotateExpressed as follows:
calculating the time delay t of each array element according to the time delay of each channeldi_rotateExpressed as follows:
tdi_rotate＝max(Δti_rotate)-Δti_rotate
step four: and distributing the time delay obtained by the calculation in the third step to the control end of each excitation channel of the ultrasonic phased array system, applying different time delays to the same excitation signal, generating excitation electric signals with equal amplitude and phase difference, applying the excitation electric signals to each array element of the phased array probe, further exciting ultrasonic excitation with equal amplitude and phase difference, and generating ultrasonic plane waves with different deflection angles through the superposition, cancellation and interference effects of the ultrasonic excitation electric signals.
In the embodiment of the acoustic beam deflection time delay calculation method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in the circular pipeline, the method provided by the invention is used for controlling the acoustic beam deflection time delay of the ultrasonic phased array probe in a common application form of an ultrasonic tomography technology of oil-gas-water three-phase flow imaging in an industrial pipeline. The basic principle of ultrasonic phased array tomography and the operation steps and the improvement effect of the method provided by the invention are described in detail below by taking an ultrasonic phased array transducer array consisting of 8 16-array-element phased arrays as an example. The following examples are intended to be illustrative of embodiments of the invention and are not intended to be the only form in which the present invention may be made or utilized, and other embodiments that perform the same function are also within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 depicts the basic principle of ultrasonic phased array tomography using the method of the present invention, and depicts the mechanism of ultrasonic plane wave testing with water as the continuous phase and gas bubbles and oil bubbles as the discrete phases. When ultrasonic plane waves are formed between the excitation phased array probe and the receiving phased array probe, a test passage is formed between corresponding array elements of the transmission phased array probe and the receiving phased array probe, and oil-gas-water three-phase media in the test passage can generate different ultrasonic propagation modulation effects due to different densities. Due to the strong reflection effect of the bubbles on the ultrasound, incident waves are basically and completely reflected, the size change of the bubbles can directly influence the ultrasound intensity reaching array elements at different positions of the receiving probe, finally, the receiving amplitude of each array element is different, and accordingly, attenuation information corresponding to gas-liquid distribution in the ultrasound passage is obtained. In addition, due to the fact that the propagation speeds of the ultrasonic waves in the oil phase medium and the water phase medium are different, in the process that the ultrasonic plane waves emitted from the excitation phase control array probe reach the receiving end, the oil-water ratio between the corresponding receiving and transmitting array elements does not directly affect the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves in the passage, and therefore the time delay information corresponding to the oil-water distribution in the ultrasonic passage can be obtained by means of the time delay difference between the array elements. And the phase distribution reconstruction of the three-phase medium can be realized by comprehensively utilizing the attenuation information and the time delay information in the ultrasonic path.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for controlling deflection of an acoustic beam when an ultrasonic phased array probe is embedded in a pipeline. By controlling the emission delay time tau of each array element of the phased array probe, the shape of the phased array probe in the field to be measured can be realizedThe ultrasonic plane waves with variable directions can form ultrasonic plane wave measuring spaces with different angles between the excitation ultrasonic phased array probe and other phased array probes after the delay of the array elements is accurately calculated. The number of array elements of the ultrasonic phased array probe is selected to be M equal to 16, the pitch of the array elements is s equal to 1.2mm, and the distance between the thickness of a pipeline (the distance between the phased array probe and a physical boundary tangent line of a field to be measured) is DT05mm, the deflection angle of the sound beam to be controlled is α -15 degrees, the inner diameter of the pipeline is 200mm and 100mm respectively, and the sound velocity of the pipeline is c12730m/s, the sound velocity of the background medium in the field area to be measured is c2＝1480m/s。
Fig. 3 shows the difference of the control effect of the acoustic beam deflection time delay by using the method of the present invention and the conventional method under different inner diameters of the pipeline. In the traditional time delay control method, when a pipeline exists, the sound beam deflection time delay control grating lobe is large, and control is invalid. The method can effectively and practically deflect the probe in any angle in the field when pipelines with different pipe diameters exist, can realize any angle deflection when pipelines with different inner diameters exist, and effectively inhibits the acoustic beam grating lobe.
The embodiments described above are some exemplary models of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings. It is intended that all equivalents and modifications which come within the spirit of the disclosure be protected by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An acoustic beam deflection time delay control method for ultrasonic phased array imaging in a pipeline comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ultrasonic phased array sensor arrangement: the ultrasonic phased array probe comprises an ultrasonic sensor array formed by a plurality of ultrasonic phased array probes, each ultrasonic phased array probe is a linear array formed by a fixed number of array elements, each array element has the same performance parameter and can be independently excited or received, all the ultrasonic phased array probes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the pipeline, and the surface of each ultrasonic phased array probe is parallel to the tangential direction of the outer wall of the pipeline.
Step two: excitation and reception of the ultrasonic phased array sensor: according to the scheme of cyclic excitation, sequentially selecting an ultrasonic phased array probe for excitation, performing time delay control on M array element channels of the excited phased array probe to enable an acoustic beam to deflect at any angle in a field domain, and meanwhile, receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted in a pipeline by all array elements of other phased array probes, and analyzing and processing the signals; and calculating a projection path based on the geometric position and the sound field configuration form, and recording and storing time-varying waveform data of the corresponding path.
Step three: considering arbitrary angle deflection in a field area with a circular pipeline as a boundary, selecting the array element number of an ultrasonic phased array probe as M, the array element pitch as s, and the thickness of the pipeline, namely the distance between the phased array probe and a physical boundary tangent line of a measured field area as DT0The deflection angle of the sound beam to be controlled is α, the inner diameter of the pipeline is R, and the sound velocity of the pipeline is c1The sound velocity of the background medium in the field to be measured is c2For the ith array element, the transverse deflection distance dis of the tube wall and the measured field is calculated1，dis2Expressed as follows:
calculating the transition time delta t of the ith array elementi_rotateExpressed as follows:
calculating the time delay t of each array element according to the time delay of each channeldi_rotateExpressed as follows:
tdi_rotate＝max(Δti_rotate)-Δti_rotate
step four: and distributing the time delay obtained by the calculation in the fourth step to each array element excitation channel of the ultrasonic phased array probe, delaying the same excitation electric signal for different time, generating excitation electric signals with equal amplitude and different phases, applying the excitation electric signals to each array element of the phased array probe, generating ultrasonic excitation with equal amplitude and different phases, and generating ultrasonic plane wave deflection at different angles through superposition, cancellation and interference effects of the ultrasonic plane wave excitation and effectively controlling the ultrasonic phased array sound beam deflection in the pipeline.
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| CN113714200A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-30 | 南京大学 | Visual ultrasonic device for removing pipeline embolus by deflecting and focusing and control method |
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