CN111220437B - Manufacturing method of welding hydrogen hole defect test plate - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of welding hydrogen hole defect test plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate is characterized in that the hydrogen content in a molten pool is increased in a mode of transferring hydrogen elements into the molten pool by a welding wire; the hydrogen content in the welding wire is improved by adopting an electrochemical hydrogen charging mode, so that the hydrogen content in a molten pool is increased; a ferritic stainless steel welding wire H0Cr17Ti is selected when electrochemical hydrogen charging is carried out, and other welding passes are welded by an austenitic stainless steel welding rod A102; an auxiliary argon nozzle is adopted to cool the molten pool in the welding process; the hydrogen holes of the defect test plate manufactured by the invention are different from the artificial defects in the common flaw detection standard test block, the air hole defects are real, the method is feasible, and the hydrogen hole defect test plate can be used for training, changing and obtaining evidence and checking nondestructive flaw detectors and enhancing the perceptual and rational knowledge of the hydrogen hole defect information; the method has the advantages of accurate positioning, conformity with practical teaching and training requirements and wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nondestructive inspection of metal materials, relates to a manufacturing method of a gas hole defect test plate for teaching or nondestructive inspection training, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen gas hole defect test plate.
Background
Nondestructive testing is a new comprehensive application technology subject, and is a subject for measuring and evaluating various defects inside or on the surface of a substance on the premise of not damaging or damaging an object to be tested. The welding joint is a non-uniform body of chemical components, is a key part influencing the quality and the use safety of a product, and is also a 'serious disaster area' in the structure of the product. Therefore, effective detection of defects in welded joints is a necessary guarantee for product quality. Welding blowholes are the main form of weld defects, have direct influence on the bearing capacity of a welding joint, and are the key focus objects in nondestructive testing work. Of course, the detection and evaluation of the welding air holes can not accurately know the air hole detection information, and the trap information can be accurately judged only in this way, so that the purposes of no missing detection and no error detection are achieved. Therefore, the common welding air hole defect test block becomes a necessary teaching prop in the processes of nondestructive inspection teaching, personnel training, examination and the like.
In the aspect of standard test blocks for flaw detection, a large number of researches and specifications of the standard test blocks are carried out at home and abroad, and corresponding international, national and industrial standards are formed, such as international standards ISO2400-1972E, GB/T11345-89, JB/T4730.1-4730.6-2005, DL/T5048-95, Q/SY XQ7-2001, GB/T23905-. However, the standard test blocks specified by these standards have two greatest features: (1) the defect is mostly manufactured in a manual mode, such as the mode of processing standard holes, steps and the like; (2) its function is mainly used to determine the performance of flaw detector, probe and system. The standard test block has a certain difference between the artificial defect and the actual defect, so that the detection personnel can hardly recognize and distinguish the defect signal more deeply. Aiming at the problems of the standard test block, technical personnel carry out exploratory work. A method for preparing a defect test plate for forming hydrogen holes by presetting rusted small steel balls stained with oil and water stains on a weld bead is published in a paper published in Qinghai electric power 2009, 9 th publication, namely preparation of several typical welding defect test plates. The invention patent with publication number CN106956058A discloses a method for manufacturing a welding gas hole defect test block, which is mainly used for manufacturing a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate in a mode of coating machine oil on the coating of an electrode to increase hydrogen-containing substances in a welding area. The methods are all to increase the hydrogen content of a welding seam area by adding a hydrogen-containing substance, so that a defect test plate containing hydrogen holes is attempted to be manufactured, but the efficiency of hydrogen atoms in the transition from the hydrogen-containing substance to the welding seam is low, and the hydrogen atoms are seriously influenced by gas-phase and gas-liquid-phase reactions in an arc space in the welding process, so that the hydrogen content in a molten pool is difficult to reach a saturated state, and the hydrogen is difficult to reach a supersaturated state to precipitate hydrogen bubbles to form the hydrogen holes due to the reduction of the temperature of the molten pool, so that the method for generating the hydrogen holes has certain uncertainty.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate; according to the welding metallurgy principle, the hydrogen holes in the welding seam must have two conditions: firstly, a large amount of hydrogen exists in a welding molten pool, and hydrogen bubbles are formed due to precipitation of supersaturated hydrogen along with reduction of the temperature of the molten pool; secondly, the crystallization speed of the molten pool is high, the floating escape speed of the hydrogen bubbles is lower than the crystallization speed of the molten pool, and the hydrogen holes of the welding seams can be formed when the two conditions are met; the welding wire can reach a hydrogen saturation state in an electrochemical hydrogen charging mode, then the welding wire is melted and directly brings hydrogen into a molten pool, so that the hydrogen content of the molten pool reaches a higher state, hydrogen bubbles are separated out from the molten pool and the molten pool is rapidly cooled, and a defect test plate containing a true positioning hydrogen hole and used for nondestructive inspection is manufactured; the teaching training device has the advantages of being simple to operate and fitting with practical teaching and training requirements.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a ferritic stainless steel H0Cr17Ti welding wire, and performing hydrogen charging in a constant-current static hydrogen charging mode;
step two, welding test plate preparation
1) Selecting a steel plate as a test plate 1, and respectively opening a single-side V-shaped groove A on one side of each of the two test plates 1;
2) pre-welding a test plate 1 at a single-side V-shaped groove A by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod to form a pre-filled welding seam 2;
step three, groove processing
Processing a groove 3 on the test plate 1 by a milling mode;
step four, welding the welding bead of the hydrogen hole
Preheating the test plate 1 with the groove 3 processed at 350 ℃, immediately filling and welding the groove 3 by adopting a welding wire which is filled with hydrogen in the step one by adopting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method, wherein the welding current of the filling and welding is 200-250A, the argon flow is 8-10L/min, cooling a molten pool by adopting an additional argon nozzle in the welding process, the additional argon flow is 15-20L/min, forming a hydrogen hole welding bead 4, and forming a hydrogen hole 5 in the hydrogen hole welding bead 4;
step five, filling residual grooves and welding residual grooves
1) Carrying out small heat input welding by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod to finish filling welding of the residual groove;
2) filling the residual groove and welding the cover surface layer by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod;
and sixthly, after the steps are completed, cleaning the surface of the cover surface welding seam 6, and after the cleaning is finished, finishing the manufacture of the hydrogen hole defect test board 1.
The ferritic stainless steel H0Cr17Ti welding wire selected in the step one is 2.4mm in diameter and 300mm in length.
The static hydrogen charging mode of the constant flow method in the first step is as follows; adopting Pt sheet as anode and welding wire as cathode, charging hydrogen for more than 72h, and charging hydrogen current density of 0.3mA/cm2Carrying out the following steps; the hydrogen charging solution comprises the following components: 0.5mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution and 1g/L thiourea, and the hydrogen filling length of the welding wire is used immediately after hydrogen filling according to actual requirements.
And the test plate 1 in the step two is a low-carbon steel plate with the length of 300mm, the width of 150mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
The welding rod adopted in the pre-welding in the second step is an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, the welding current is 80-110A, and the angle range of the V-shaped groove A is 45-60 degrees.
And step three, machining the groove 3 with the width of 8-10mm and the depth of 5-8 mm.
And step four, preheating the test plate after the groove is machined at the temperature of 150-.
And step five 1) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-90A.
And step five 2) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-110A.
The hydrogen content in the molten pool is increased by the mode of transition of hydrogen elements from the welding wire to the molten pool; the hydrogen content in the welding wire is improved by adopting an electrochemical hydrogen charging mode, so that the hydrogen content in a molten pool is increased; a ferritic stainless steel welding wire H0Cr17Ti is selected when electrochemical hydrogen charging is carried out; other welding passes are all welded by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod A102; and an auxiliary argon nozzle is adopted to cool the molten pool in the welding process. The welding bead with the hydrogen hole defects adopts the ferrite stainless steel welding wire H0Cr17Ti, so that the electrochemical hydrogen filling effect can be ensured by utilizing the characteristic of high hydrogen diffusion rate in ferrite, the welding wire can reach a hydrogen supersaturated state after hydrogen filling, and other problems such as cracks and the like caused by chemical composition difference between the defective welding bead and the austenitic stainless steel filling welding bead are avoided. When the defective welding bead is welded, a larger welding current is selected, so that the deposition rate and the amount of hydrogen brought into a molten pool can be increased, the existence time of the molten pool can be prolonged by increasing heat input, and the hydrogen bubbles can be ensured to have enough time to nucleate and grow. Meanwhile, the argon cooling on the surface of the molten pool is matched to prevent bubbles from escaping. Except for the defective welding bead, the other parts of the welding seam are all austenite structures formed by an A102 welding rod, so that the characteristic of low hydrogen diffusion rate in the austenite structures can be utilized to prevent hydrogen diffusion loss in a molten pool during welding of the defective welding bead, and the good toughness and crack resistance of the austenite can be utilized to prevent the welding seam from cracking. The method increases the hydrogen content of the defective welding bead by charging hydrogen into the welding wire, and is completed by utilizing the characteristic of high transition efficiency of elements in the welding wire. The purpose of positioning and generating the hydrogen holes can be achieved by means of grooving, and the position and the depth of the groove determine the position of the defect of the hydrogen holes. Compared with a standard test block, the manufactured welding hydrogen hole defect test plate has the following beneficial effects in the aspects of manufacturing method and action:
1. the method can manufacture the welding hydrogen hole defect according to the designed defect position, and the welding hydrogen hole defect is closer to the actual welding seam air hole defect than a standard test block.
2. The method is used for manufacturing the real pore defects, and can deepen the recognition degree of students and detection personnel on defect detection signals.
3. The defect test block manufactured by the invention can be used for nondestructive inspection methods such as X-ray inspection and the like, and has important practical significance for improving the training, changing and evidence obtaining examination quality of nondestructive inspection personnel.
In conclusion, the hydrogen hole manufactured by the invention is different from the artificial defects in the common flaw detection standard test block, has real and feasible hole defects, can be used for training, changing and obtaining evidence and examining nondestructive flaw detection personnel, and enhances the perceptual and rational knowledge of the hydrogen hole defect information; the method has the advantages of accurate positioning, conformity with practical teaching and training requirements and wide application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a groove of a defect test plate and a pre-welded test plate in the invention, wherein fig. 1(a) is a schematic structural view of the groove of the defect test plate, and fig. 1(b) is a schematic structural view of the pre-welded test plate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the groove processing of the defect test board of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a defect test board according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test panel after completion of a hydrogen hole weld bead according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test board containing hydrogen hole defects for positioning manufactured in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a test board containing a defect of a positioning hydrogen hole manufactured in the present invention;
wherein: 1. testing the board; 2. pre-filling welding seams; 3. a trench; 4. welding a hydrogen hole; 5. a hydrogen hole; 6. and (7) a cap weld.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
A manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting a welding wire and filling hydrogen into the selected welding wire;
step two, preparing a welding test plate, and referring to fig. 1:
1) selecting a steel plate as a test plate 1, and respectively opening a single-side V-shaped groove A on one side of each of the two test plates 1;
2) pre-welding a test plate 1 at a single-side V-shaped groove A by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod to form a pre-filled welding seam 2;
step three, groove processing
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a groove 3 is machined on a test plate 1 by milling;
step four, welding the welding bead of the hydrogen hole
Preheating the test plate 1 after the groove 3 is machined, immediately filling and welding the groove 3 by adopting a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method and a welding wire which is filled with hydrogen in the step one to form a hydrogen hole welding bead 4, wherein a hydrogen hole 5 is formed in the hydrogen hole welding bead 4 at the moment;
step five, filling residual grooves and welding residual grooves
1) Carrying out small heat input welding by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod to finish filling welding of the residual groove;
2) referring to fig. 6, an austenitic stainless steel welding rod is used for filling of the remaining groove and welding of the facing layer;
and sixthly, referring to the figures 5 and 6, after the steps are finished, cleaning the surface of the cover surface welding line 6, and after the cleaning is finished, finishing the manufacture of the hydrogen hole defect test board 1.
The welding wire selected in the step one is a ferritic stainless steel H0Cr17Ti welding wire, the diameter is 2.4mm, and the length is 300 mm.
In the step one, the hydrogen filling is in a constant-current static hydrogen filling mode, a Pt sheet is adopted as an anode, and welding is carried outThe filament is used as cathode, the charging time is over 72h, and the charging current density is 0.3mA/cm2Carrying out the following steps; the hydrogen charging solution comprises the following components: 0.5mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution and 1g/L thiourea, and the hydrogen filling length of the welding wire is used immediately after hydrogen filling according to actual requirements.
And the test plate 1 in the step two is a low-carbon steel plate with the length of 300mm, the width of 150mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
The welding rod adopted in the pre-welding in the second step is an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, the welding current is 80-110A, and the angle range of the V-shaped groove A is 45-60 degrees.
And step three, machining the groove 3 with the width of 8-10mm and the depth of 5-8 mm.
And step four, preheating the test plate after the groove is machined at the temperature of 150-.
And step five 1) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-90A.
And step five 2) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-110A.
The invention is realized based on the following principles:
according to the welding metallurgy principle, the hydrogen holes in the welding seam must have two conditions: firstly, a large amount of hydrogen exists in a welding molten pool, and hydrogen bubbles are formed due to precipitation of supersaturated hydrogen along with reduction of the temperature of the molten pool; the crystallization speed of the molten pool is high, and the floating escape speed of the hydrogen bubbles is lower than the crystallization speed of the molten pool; welding seam hydrogen holes can be formed when the two conditions are met;
the way of transferring alloy elements or elements such as hydrogen, oxygen and the like into the molten pool is through a base metal, a welding wire, a coating and the like, the former two modes are the modes with the highest transition efficiency, and the element loss is the minimum; the method mainly adopts a mode of transferring hydrogen elements into the molten pool through the welding wire to increase the hydrogen content in the molten pool; the electrochemical hydrogen charging is a mature method for increasing the hydrogen content in metal, which is commonly used in the academia, and the hydrogen charging effect is good; in order to increase the hydrogen content in the welding wire, the invention adopts electrochemical methodThe hydrogen is charged in a manner to increase the hydrogen content in the wire, thereby increasing the hydrogen content in the molten pool. The diffusion rate of hydrogen in ferrite is 10-8cm2·s-1And the diffusion rate of hydrogen in austenite is 10-12cm2·s-1The diffusion rate of hydrogen in austenite is much slower than that in ferrite; therefore, the ferrite type welding wire is selected when electrochemical hydrogen charging is carried out; in addition, in order to prevent the diffusion loss of hydrogen through a heat affected zone in the welding process, except for a welding bead generating a hydrogen hole, other welding beads are welded by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding material, and austenite has good toughness and cold crack resistance and can also prevent the generation of cold crack defects due to the increase of the hydrogen content; in order to meet the condition that the floating escape speed of the hydrogen bubbles is less than the crystallization speed of the molten pool, an auxiliary argon nozzle is adopted to cool the molten pool in the welding process.
Claims (8)
1. A manufacturing method of a welding hydrogen hole defect test plate comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a ferritic stainless steel H0Cr17Ti welding wire, and performing hydrogen charging in a constant-current static hydrogen charging mode;
step two, welding test plate preparation
1) Selecting a steel plate as a test plate (1), and respectively opening a single-sided V-shaped groove A on one side of each of the two test plates (1);
2) pre-welding a test plate (1) by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod at a single-side V-shaped groove A to form a pre-filled welding seam (2);
step three, groove processing
Processing a groove (3) on the test plate (1) by a milling mode;
step four, welding the welding bead of the hydrogen hole
Preheating the test plate (1) after the groove (3) is machined at 350 ℃, immediately filling and welding the groove (3) by adopting a welding wire subjected to hydrogen filling in the step one by using a tungsten electrode argon arc welding method, wherein the welding current of the filling and welding is 200-250A, the argon flow is 8-10L/min, an additional argon nozzle is adopted to cool a molten pool in the welding process, the additional argon flow is 15-20L/min, a hydrogen hole welding bead (4) is formed, and a hydrogen hole (5) is formed in the hydrogen welding bead hole welding bead (4) at the moment;
step five, filling residual grooves and welding residual grooves
1) Carrying out small heat input welding by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod to finish filling welding of the residual groove;
2) filling the residual groove and welding the cover surface layer by adopting an austenitic stainless steel welding rod;
and sixthly, after the steps are completed, cleaning the surface of the cover surface welding seam (6), and after the cleaning is finished, finishing the manufacture of the hydrogen hole defect test board (1).
2. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ferritic stainless steel H0Cr17Ti welding wire selected in the step one is 2.4mm in diameter and 300mm in length.
3. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the static hydrogen filling mode of the constant flow method in the first step is as follows: adopting Pt sheet as anode and welding wire as cathode, charging hydrogen for more than 72h, and charging hydrogen current density of 0.3mA/cm2Carrying out the following steps; the hydrogen charging solution comprises the following components: 0.5mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution and 1g/L thiourea, and the hydrogen filling length of the welding wire is used immediately after hydrogen filling according to actual requirements.
4. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the test plate (1) in the second step is a low-carbon steel plate with the length of 300mm, the width of 150mm and the thickness of 30 mm.
5. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the welding rod adopted in the pre-welding in the second step is an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, the welding current is 80-110A, and the angle range of the V-shaped groove A is 45-60 degrees.
6. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step three, machining the groove (3) with the width of 8-10mm and the depth of 5-8 mm.
7. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step five 1) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-90A.
8. The method for manufacturing the test plate for welding the hydrogen hole defects according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step five 2) adopts an austenitic stainless steel A102 welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm, and the welding current is 80-110A.
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