CN111219147B - Petroleum drilling speed-up equipment - Google Patents
Petroleum drilling speed-up equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111219147B CN111219147B CN202010020391.9A CN202010020391A CN111219147B CN 111219147 B CN111219147 B CN 111219147B CN 202010020391 A CN202010020391 A CN 202010020391A CN 111219147 B CN111219147 B CN 111219147B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
Abstract
The invention relates to an oil drilling speed-up device, and belongs to the technical field of oil drilling. Including top connection, shell, lower clutch, tubular center column, centre channel and draw and penetrate the runner, top connection upper end and drilling string threaded connection, lower clutch lower extreme and drill bit threaded connection, the shell includes threaded connection's last shell and lower shell, the tubular center column is located inside the shell, including last center tube, draw and penetrate pipe and lower center tube, go up center tube upper end and top connection lower extreme threaded connection, the lower extreme with draw and penetrate pipe upper end threaded connection, draw and penetrate pipe lower extreme fixedly connected with lower center tube. The central pipe column reciprocates up and down relative to the shell, so that the drill bit can be protected effectively by preventing the over-high or over-low drilling pressure, the pulse jet frequency can be continuously changed, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. According to the invention, when the bit pressure is sufficient, the rock is broken through the pulse jet impact, and when the bit pressure is insufficient, the rock is broken through the particle jet impact and the over-pulse jet impact in a synergistic manner, so that the rock breaking is continuously and efficiently carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil drilling speed-up device, and belongs to the technical field of oil drilling.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous exhaustion of shallow oil and gas resources in China, the discovery of oil and gas in deep hard formations and complex geological conditions is an important work of current exploration and development. During the drilling process, the formation hardness and the drilling difficulty are continuously increased along with the increase of the well depth, particularly, the drilling speed is sharply reduced, and the increase of the drilling speed of the hard formation is one of the recognized problems in the world. The problems of low drilling speed, short service life of a drilling tool, long drilling period, high drilling cost and the like generally exist in drilling of deep wells and hard rock stratums in various oil fields at home and abroad, and the overall benefit of exploration and development is restricted.
In order to increase the rate of penetration, it has been proposed in the prior art to increase the rate of penetration by means of pulsed jet and percussive breaking of rock. The pulse jet is to modulate the drilling fluid continuously injected at the bottom of the well into pulse jet, which can improve the flow field at the bottom of the well, reduce the pressure holding effect of the fluid column on the rock, reduce the repeated crushing of rock debris and improve the rock breaking efficiency.
In addition, the particle impact drilling technology is an efficient drilling technology developed in recent years and aiming at deep hard formations, spherical steel particles are mixed into drilling fluid at a high-pressure pipe between a mud pump and a drill string, the drilling fluid carries the particles to enter a pipeline and is transmitted to a drill bit, and finally the particles are ejected out from a water hole of the drill bit at a high speed and are crushed through high-frequency impact and grinding. The static pressure action of the traditional high-pressure water jet on the rock at the bottom of the well is changed into the erosion and grinding action of the high-speed particle flow on the rock at the bottom of the well in a rock breaking mode, so that the utilization rate of energy is greatly improved, and the drilling speed is increased.
However, the particle impact drilling technology is still in the beginning stage in China, and no mature particle impact acceleration tool or drilling acceleration equipment combining particle impact and pulse jet impact is available. Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem for those skilled in the art to provide a drilling speed increasing device that enables the two impact modes to cooperate with each other, and can exert their respective advantages to effectively increase the rate of penetration.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: how to provide an oil drilling acceleration equipment for particle impact mutually supports with two kinds of impact modes of pulse jet impact, and can exert respective advantage, effectively improves mechanical drilling speed, improves the whole benefit of oil exploration development.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an oil drilling speed-up device, which comprises an upper connector, a shell, a lower connector, a central pipe column, a central flow passage and an injection flow passage, wherein the central flow passage comprises a first central flow passage, a second central flow passage, a third central flow passage and a fourth central flow passage which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the injection flow passage comprises a first injection hole and a second cavity body second injection hole which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the upper end of the upper connector is in threaded connection with a drill string, the lower end of the lower connector is in threaded connection with a drill bit, the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell which are in threaded connection, the central pipe column is positioned in the shell and comprises an upper central pipe, an injection pipe and a lower central pipe, the upper end of the upper central pipe is in threaded connection with the lower end of the upper connector, the lower end of the upper pipe is in threaded connection with the, the inner wall of the upper shell is provided with spline grooves, the outer wall of the upper central tube is provided with spline teeth matched with the spline grooves, the spline grooves and the spline teeth form spline connection, the upper central tube is slidably mounted in the upper shell through spline connection, a first cavity is formed between the upper central tube, the injection tube and the lower shell, the outer wall of the lower shell is provided with a plurality of first injection holes around the rotary axis of the lower shell, the outer wall of the large end of the injection tube is provided with a plurality of second cavities evenly distributed around the rotary axis of the injection tube, the inner wall of the large end of the injection tube is provided with a plurality of second injection holes evenly distributed around the rotary axis of the injection tube, the upper end of the lower joint is fixedly connected with a first inner sleeve and a second inner sleeve, the first inner sleeve is positioned inside the second inner sleeve and has equal height, the inner wall of the first inner sleeve is of a circular cross section, the outer, The outer wall is circular cross section, the center tube inner wall is regular octagon cross section down, and the outer wall is circular cross section, form the fourth cavity between center tube, first endotheca, the second endotheca down to center tube lower extreme extends into the fourth cavity and slides from top to bottom in it down, shell, lower clutch, draw and penetrate the pipe, form the third cavity down between center tube, the second endotheca, be provided with the spring in the third cavity, be provided with the pulse jet subassembly that generates pulse jet in the first endotheca.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the first center flow channel is formed by sequentially connecting an upper joint center overflowing hole, an upper center pipe center overflowing hole and an injection pipe upper portion center overflowing hole, the second center flow channel F2 is formed by sequentially connecting an injection pipe lower portion center overflowing hole, the third center flow channel is formed by sequentially connecting a lower center pipe center overflowing hole higher than the upper end face of the first inner sleeve, the fourth center flow channel is formed by sequentially connecting a first inner sleeve center overflowing hole and a lower joint center overflowing hole, the first center flow channel overflowing area is larger than the second center flow channel, the second center flow channel overflowing area is smaller than the third center flow channel, and the third center flow channel overflowing area is larger than the fourth center flow channel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the first injection hole is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, the second injection hole is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, when the spring is in the original length position of the second cavity, the upper surface of the second cavity is flush with the upper vertex of the first injection hole, the lower surface of the second cavity is flush with the lower vertex of the second injection hole, the axes of the first injection hole and the second injection hole are coincident at the moment, and the diameter of the second injection hole is smaller than or equal to that of the first injection hole.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pulse jet assembly is located above the inside of the first inner sleeve and comprises a first connecting rod and an impeller, the first inner sleeve is provided with a first mounting hole, the first connecting rod is rotatably mounted in the first mounting hole, the impeller is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod, the cross section of the impeller perpendicular to the first inner sleeve is circular, the diameter of the impeller is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve, the surface of the impeller is provided with a wear-resistant coating, the uppermost end of the impeller is slightly lower than the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve, and the flowing area of the fourth central flow channel is changed by driving the impeller to rotate through the drilling fluid so as to generate pulse jet impact.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pulse jet assembly is positioned above the inner part of the first inner sleeve and comprises a turning plate, a second connecting rod and a gear, the first inner sleeve is provided with a second mounting hole, the second connecting rod is rotatably mounted in the second mounting hole, the gear is mounted at one end of the second connecting rod penetrating through the first inner sleeve and is fixedly connected with the second connecting rod through a flat key, the turning plate is fixedly connected on the second connecting rod, a rectangular groove is arranged at the lower part of the left side surface of the first inner sleeve perpendicular to the second connecting rod, a rack which is mutually meshed with the gear is fixedly arranged in the rectangular groove, the gear is driven by the vertical movement of the rack to drive the turning plate to rotate so as to change the flow area of the fourth central flow passage and further generate pulse jet impact, and when the spring is positioned at the original length position, the top surface of the rectangular groove is lower than, a seal is arranged between the rectangular groove of the first inner sleeve and the upper end face of the first inner sleeve, and a wear-resistant coating is arranged on the surface of the turning plate, and the diameter of the wear-resistant coating is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the upper end and the lower end of the spring are respectively provided with a spring pressure plate, the section of the spring pressure plate is U-shaped, the U-shaped opening of the spring pressure plate faces the spring, the lower end of the lower shell is provided with a plurality of first air holes uniformly distributed around the axis of the lower shell, and the lower end of the second inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of second air holes uniformly distributed around the axis of the second inner sleeve.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the first air hole is communicated with the third cavity and the external annular space, the height of the first air hole is higher than that of the second air hole, the second air hole is communicated with the third cavity and the fourth cavity, the height of the second air hole is higher than that of the lower spring pressure plate, and the first air hole is internally provided with the filter plug.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the filtering pipe plug comprises an outer cover plate for preventing external annular impurities from entering, an inner cover plate provided with an outer air-permeable hole, a connecting rod for connecting the outer cover plate and the inner cover plate, a side wall for connecting the inner cover plate and the bottom plate and a bottom plate provided with an inner air-permeable hole, wherein the outer end of the first air-permeable hole is provided with a cylindrical blind hole, the inner cover plate is axially positioned through the cylindrical blind hole, and the outer cover plate is positioned in the cylindrical blind hole.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the outer wall of the lower shell is provided with ball seats which are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the symmetrical cross-sectional shapes of the ball seats are circular arcs, the circular arcs are major arcs, the steel balls are arranged inside the ball seats, the diameters of the steel balls are slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the ball seats, the steel balls can freely rotate in the ball seats, the ball seats which are provided with the freely rotating steel balls are arranged on the outer wall of the lower shell, sliding friction between the shell and the sleeve is converted into rolling friction, and then the mechanical drilling speed is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the particle jet of the invention carries out high-frequency impact and grinding on the rock at the bottom of the well, so that the pressure required by rock crushing is reduced, the rock is crushed efficiently, and the drilling speed is greatly improved.
(2) The continuous change of the frequency of the pulse jet impact is more beneficial to improving the bottom hole flow field, reducing the pressure holding effect of the drilling fluid on the rock and reducing the repeated crushing of rock debris, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.
(3) The vertical reciprocating motion of the central pipe column relative to the shell can not only effectively prevent the over-high or over-low drilling pressure to protect the drill bit, but also continuously change the pulse jet frequency and improve the rock breaking efficiency.
(4) According to the invention, when the bit pressure is sufficient, the rock is broken through the pulse jet impact, and when the bit pressure is insufficient, the rock is broken through the particle jet impact and the over-pulse jet impact in a synergistic manner, so that the rock breaking is continuously and efficiently carried out.
(5) When the drilling pressure is too large, steel particles are not injected to break the rock, so that the drill jamming and the cutting teeth damage can be avoided on the premise of ensuring the rock breaking efficiency; when the drilling pressure is too small, the steel particles are injected to break rock in a synergic manner, so that the rock breaking efficiency can be improved on the premise that the drill sticking and the cutting teeth are not damaged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the first embodiment of the present invention at K in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower joint according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 6 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the second embodiment of the present invention at L in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the second embodiment of the present invention at M in FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the second embodiment of the present invention, taken at the point N in FIG. 6.
1. An upper joint, 2, an upper outer shell, 3, a lower outer shell, 4, a lower joint, 5, an upper central tube, 6, an injection tube, 7, a lower central tube, 8, a spring, 9, a spring pressure plate, 10, a filter plug, 11, a steel ball, 12, a first air hole, 13, a ball seat, 14, a first connecting rod, 15, an impeller, 16, a turning plate, 17, a second connecting rod, 18, a gear, 19, a rack, 20, a seal, 21, a spline tooth, 22, a spline groove, 23, a first inner sleeve, 24, a second inner sleeve, 25, a first cavity, 26, a second cavity, 27, a third cavity, 28, a fourth cavity, 29, a second air hole, 30, a first injection hole, 31, a second injection hole, F1, a first central flow channel, F2, a second central flow channel, F3, a third central flow channel, F4, a fourth central flow channel, 10.1, an outer cover plate, 10.2, an inner cover plate, 10.3 and a connecting rod, 10.4, side wall, 10.5, bottom plate, 10.6, outer air permeable hole, 10.7 and inner air permeable hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," "sixth," "seventh," and "eighth," etc., in the description and in the claims and in the above-described drawings (if any), are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The technical solution claimed by the present invention is explained in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 10 and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the oil drilling speed-up equipment comprises an upper joint 1, a shell, a lower joint 4, a central pipe column, a central flow passage and an injection flow passage. The upper end of the upper joint 1 is in threaded connection with a drill string, and the lower end of the upper joint 1 is in threaded connection with a center pipe string and is used for transmitting the weight and the torque from the upper drill string. The upper end of the lower joint 4 is in threaded connection with the shell, and the lower end of the lower joint 4 is in threaded connection with the drill bit. The shell comprises an upper shell 2 and a lower shell 3 which are connected through threads, so that an upper central pipe 5 and an injection pipe 6 can be conveniently installed. The central pipe column is positioned in the shell and comprises an upper central pipe 5, an injection pipe 6 and a lower central pipe 7. Specifically, the upper end of an upper central tube 5 is in threaded connection with the lower end of an upper joint 1, and the lower end of the upper central tube 5 is in threaded connection with the upper end of an injection tube 6. The lower end of the injection pipe 6 is fixedly connected with a lower central pipe 7, it should be noted that the lower central pipe 7 of the injection pipe 6 can be connected in a welding mode, a clamping mode or a threaded mode, the welding mode is preferably a welding mode, and the welding mode is high in strength and free from loosening.
As shown in fig. 2, the inner wall of the upper housing 2 is provided with spline grooves 22, the outer wall of the upper central tube 5 is provided with spline teeth 21 which are matched with the spline grooves 22, the spline grooves 22 and the spline teeth 21 form a spline connection, and the upper central tube 5 is slidably mounted in the upper housing 2 through the spline connection and transmits torque through the spline connection.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the upper central tube 5 is divided into an upper part and a lower part for a stepped shaft, the diameter of the lower shaft section is smaller than that of the upper shaft section, and the upper shaft section is provided with spline teeth 21. The injection pipe 6 is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a stepped shaft, the diameter of the upper shaft section is smaller than that of the lower shaft section, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the lower shaft section of the upper central pipe 5 are equal to those of the upper shaft section of the injection pipe 6. Form first cavity 25 between last center tube 5, draw and penetrate pipe 6 and lower shell 3, first cavity 25 set up can alleviate equipment weight, prevent and take place the friction between the shell, can also draw when penetrating pipe 6 slides downwards and draw hole 31 intercommunication pressure release with the second. The outer wall of the lower shell 3 is provided with a plurality of first injection holes 30, preferably four or six, the outer wall of the large end of the injection pipe 6 is provided with a plurality of second cavities 26 which are uniformly distributed around the rotation axis of the injection pipe, preferably four or six, the inner wall of the large end of the injection pipe 6 is provided with a plurality of second injection holes 31 which are uniformly distributed around the rotation axis of the injection pipe, preferably four or six, and the first injection holes 30, the second cavities 26 and the second injection holes 31 are equal in number and communicated with one another. The number is set to four or six and the uniform distribution is favorable for the external sufficient suction and the sufficient uniform mixing in the second center flow path F2.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, the upper end of the lower joint 4 is fixedly connected with a first inner sleeve 23 and a second inner sleeve 24, and it should be noted that the fixed connection manner of the first inner sleeve 23 and the second inner sleeve 24 may be welding, clamping or threaded connection, preferably welding, and the welding manner is not only high in strength but also free from looseness. Specifically, the first inner sleeve 23 is located inside the second inner sleeve 24, the heights of the first inner sleeve and the second inner sleeve are equal, the inner wall of the first inner sleeve 23 is a circular cross section, the outer wall of the first inner sleeve is a regular octagonal cross section, the inner wall of the second inner sleeve 24 and the outer wall of the second inner sleeve are both circular cross sections, the inner wall of the lower central tube 7 is a regular octagonal cross section, and the outer wall of the lower central. The lower central tube 7 and the first inner sleeve 23 are connected through an octagonal structure to be used for transmitting torque, the upper end of the central tube column is connected with the torque through splines, and the lower end of the central tube column is connected with the torque through the octagonal structure, so that the torque is transmitted more uniformly and reliably.
As shown in fig. 6 and 10, a fourth cavity 28 is formed between the lower central tube 7, the first inner sleeve 23 and the second inner sleeve 24, and the lower end of the lower central tube 7 extends into the fourth cavity 28 and slides up and down in the fourth cavity 28, wherein the fourth cavity 28 provides a guide slideway for the lower central tube 7 to slide up and down in a reciprocating manner, so that radial runout is avoided in the movement process, high coaxiality is kept, an oblique moment is avoided, rock breaking by concentrated drilling pressure and torque is facilitated, and further the mechanical drilling speed is improved. A third cavity 27 is formed among the lower outer shell 3, the lower joint 4, the injection pipe 6, the lower central pipe 7 and the second inner sleeve 24, a spring 8 for buffering and absorbing vibration is arranged in the third cavity 27, and in addition, a pulse jet assembly for generating pulse jet is arranged in the first inner sleeve 23.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the center flow passage includes a first center flow passage F1, a second center flow passage F2, a third center flow passage F3, and a fourth center flow passage F4, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The first central flow passage F1 is formed by sequentially connecting an upper joint 1 central overflowing hole, an upper central pipe 5 central overflowing hole and an injection pipe 6 upper central overflowing hole, the second central flow passage F2 is formed by an injection pipe 6 lower central overflowing hole, the third central flow passage F3 is formed by a lower central pipe 7 central overflowing hole higher than the upper end face of the first inner sleeve 23, and the fourth central flow passage F4 is formed by sequentially connecting a first inner sleeve 23 central overflowing hole and a lower joint 4 central overflowing hole. Specifically, the flow area of the first center flow passage F1 is larger than that of the second center flow passage F2, and is used for generating high-speed jet flow, the flow area of the second center flow passage F2 is smaller than that of the third center flow passage F3, and the flow area of the third center flow passage F3 is larger than that of the fourth center flow passage F4, so that high-speed jet flow not smaller than that of the second center flow passage F2 is generated in the fourth center flow passage F4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the injection flow passage includes a first injection hole 30, a second cavity 26, and a second injection hole 31 sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The first injection hole 30 is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, the second injection hole 31 is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, and the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees. Specifically, when the spring 8 is in the original length position, the upper surface of the second cavity 26 is flush with the upper vertex of the first injection hole 30, the lower surface of the second cavity is flush with the lower vertex of the second injection hole 31, and the axis of the first injection hole 30 coincides with the axis of the second injection hole 31 at the moment, so that the arrangement is favorable for absorbing steel particles in the annular space into the second cavity 26 and rapidly passing through the second injection hole 31 to enter the drilling fluid of the second central flow passage F2. Specifically, the diameter of the second injection hole 31 is smaller than or equal to that of the first injection hole 30, so that a suction force which is larger than or equal to that of the first injection hole 30 is generated in the second injection hole 31, and the steel particles sucked into the second cavity 26 can enter the drilling fluid in the second central flow passage F2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, as a first embodiment of the present invention, a pulse jet assembly is located above the inside of the first inner sleeve 23, which includes a first connecting rod 14 and an impeller 15. The first inner sleeve 23 is provided with a first mounting hole, the first connecting rod 14 is rotatably mounted in the first mounting hole, the impeller 15 is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod 14, the cross section of the impeller 15 perpendicular to the first inner sleeve 23 is circular, the diameter of the impeller 15 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve 23, friction between the impeller 15 and the first inner sleeve 23 is avoided, the service life of the impeller is prolonged, the surface of the impeller 15 is provided with a wear-resistant coating, the uppermost end of the wear-resistant coating is slightly lower than the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve 23, sufficient wear resistance of the impeller 15 in the rotating process is ensured, and the overflowing area of the fourth central flow channel F4 is changed by driving the impeller 15 to rotate through drilling fluid, so that pulse jet.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 9, as a second embodiment of the present invention, the pulse jet assembly is located above the inside of the first inner sleeve 23, and includes a flap 16, a second connecting rod 17 and a gear 18. The first inner sleeve 23 is provided with a second mounting hole, the second connecting rod 17 is rotatably mounted in the second mounting hole, the second connecting rod 17 penetrates through one end of the first inner sleeve 23 to be mounted with the gear 18, the gear 18 is fixedly connected with the second connecting rod 17 through a flat key, and the turning plate 16 is fixedly connected on the second connecting rod 17. The lower part of the left side surface of the first inner sleeve 23 perpendicular to the second connecting rod 17 is provided with a rectangular groove, a rack 19 mutually meshed with the gear 18 is fixedly arranged in the rectangular groove, and the gear 18 is driven by the up-and-down movement of the rack 19 to drive the turning plate 16 to rotate so as to change the flow area of the fourth central flow passage F4 and further generate pulse jet impact. When the spring 8 is at the original length position, the top surface of the rectangular groove is lower than the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve 23, so that the drilling fluid in the third center flow passage F3 is prevented from entering the fourth cavity 28, and a seal 20 is arranged between the rectangular groove of the first inner sleeve 23 and the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve 23, so that the drilling fluid in the third center flow passage F3 is further prevented from entering the fourth cavity 28. The surface of the turning plate 16 is provided with a wear-resistant coating, so that the turning plate 16 can have sufficient wear resistance in the rotating process, the diameter of the turning plate is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve 23, friction between the turning plate 16 and the first inner sleeve 23 is avoided, and the service life of the turning plate is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the upper end and the lower end of the spring 8 are respectively provided with a spring pressure plate 9 for preventing the spring 8 from being in direct contact with the lower joint 4 and the injection pipe 6 to generate fatigue wear, and because the spring 8 is only in contact with the spring pressure plate 9 in the working process, the parts generating fatigue wear are only limited to the spring 8 and the spring pressure plate 9, so that the replacement cost is lower for the lower joint 4 and the injection pipe 6. Spring pressure disk 9 section is the U type and its U type opening all faces spring 8, can avoid spring 8 and second endotheca 24, lower shell 3 direct contact to produce fatigue wear, because spring 8 only contacts with spring pressure disk 9 in the course of the work, therefore the part that produces fatigue wear is limited only to spring 8 and spring pressure disk 9, and is cheaper for second endotheca 24, lower shell 3 replacement cost.
As shown in fig. 1, 5, 6 and 10, the lower end of the lower casing 3 is provided with a plurality of first air holes 12 uniformly distributed around the axis thereof for stabilizing the pressure of the third cavity 27; the lower end of the second inner sleeve 24 is provided with a plurality of second air holes 29 which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the second inner sleeve and used for stabilizing the pressure of the fourth cavity 28; the first air hole 12 is communicated with the third cavity 27 and the external annulus, so that the internal air pressure and the external air pressure are consistent, and the resistance of the up-and-down movement of the central pipe column is reduced. The height of the first air hole 12 is higher than that of the second air hole 29, the second air hole 29 is communicated with the third cavity 27 and the fourth cavity 28, and the height of the second air hole is higher than that of the lower spring pressure plate 9, so that the air pressure in the fourth cavity 28 is consistent with that in the third cavity 27 and the outer annular space, and the resistance of the up-and-down movement of the center column is further reduced. In addition, a filtering plug 10 is installed in the first vent hole 12 and used for preventing impurities in the annular space from entering the first vent hole 12 and influencing the pressure stabilization of the third cavity 27 and the fourth cavity 28.
As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 10, the filtering plug 10 includes an outer cover plate 10.1 for preventing impurities from entering the outer annulus, an inner cover plate 10.2 provided with an outer air hole 10.6, a connecting rod 10.3 for connecting the outer cover plate 10.1 and the inner cover plate 10.2, a side wall 10.4 for connecting the inner cover plate 10.2 and the bottom plate 10.5, and a bottom plate 10.5 provided with an inner air hole 10.7, wherein a cylindrical blind hole is provided at the outer end of the first air hole 12, the inner cover plate 10.2 is axially positioned through the cylindrical blind hole, and the outer cover plate 10.1 is located in the cylindrical blind hole, the filtering plug 10 can prevent the impurities from entering the first air hole 12, and the outer air hole 10.6 and the inner air hole 10.7 are provided to ensure good air permeability.
As shown in fig. 1, 6 and 8, the ball seats 13 are uniformly distributed at equal intervals on the outer wall of the lower housing 3, the symmetrical cross-sectional shape of the ball seats 13 is an arc, and the arc is a major arc, that is, the volume of the ball seat is larger than that of a hemisphere. The steel ball 11 sets up inside ball seat 13 to the diameter of steel ball slightly is less than ball seat 13 internal diameter, can freely rotate in ball seat 13, through setting up the ball seat 13 that is equipped with free rotation steel ball 13 at lower shell 3 outer wall, turns into rolling friction and then improves mechanical drilling speed with the sliding friction between shell and the sleeve pipe.
When the oil drilling speed-increasing equipment is used for drilling at the bottom of a well, the upper connector 1 is connected with a drill string, the lower connector 4 is connected with a drill bit, a proper amount of steel particles are added into drilling fluid, the drilling fluid reaches the drill bit through the drill string, the steel particles impact rock at the bottom of the well after being accelerated through a drill bit water hole or a nozzle, and the steel particles rebound and enter an annular space between a sleeve and a shell. The drilling fluid carries steel particles to flow into a first central flow passage F1, a second central flow passage F2, a third central flow passage F3 and a fourth central flow passage F4 in sequence after passing through a drill string, and finally is accelerated by a drill bit water hole or a nozzle and then is ejected to impact rock at the bottom of a well. The drilling fluid carrying steel particles is accelerated to form high-speed jet flow when flowing through the second central flow passage F2, a low-pressure area can be formed at the second injection hole 31 due to the injection effect of the jet flow, the rebounded steel particles in the annular space sequentially pass through the first injection hole 30, the second cavity 26 and the second injection hole 31 to enter the second central flow passage F2 to be fully mixed with the drilling fluid under the entrainment effect of a plurality of low-pressure areas, the mixed drilling fluid and the steel particles are sequentially passed through the third central flow passage F3 and the fourth central flow passage F4 and then are ejected at high speed by a water hole or a nozzle of a drill bit to form steel particle jet flow and act on bottom rocks, and thus the particle jet flow performs high-frequency impact and grinding on the bottom rocks, the pressure required by rock crushing is reduced, the rocks are efficiently crushed, and the drilling speed is greatly improved. The steel particles after the rock breaking enter the annular space between the sleeve and the shell again after rebounding, and are sucked into the second central flow channel F2 again to form particle jet flow; the particle jet then ejects the fractured rock at high velocity from the bore or nozzle of the drill bit, and so on.
In the process, the upper joint 1 can vibrate back and forth along with the upper drill string, when the upper joint 1 vibrates downwards, the central pipe column slides downwards relative to the shell, the spring 8 is compressed, the bit pressure is increased, the bit pressure is transmitted to the drill bit through the spring 8 and the lower joint 4, and the torque is transmitted to the drill bit through the shell and the lower joint 4; meanwhile, the volume of the third central flow passage F3 is reduced, the pressure of drilling fluid in the third central flow passage F3 is increased, the rotating speed of the pulse jet assembly is driven to be accelerated, and the pulse jet frequency is increased. When the upper joint 1 vibrates upwards, the central pipe column slides upwards relative to the shell, the spring 8 is compressed, the bit pressure is reduced, the bit pressure is transmitted to the drill bit through the spring 8 and the lower joint 4, and the torque is transmitted to the drill bit through the shell and the lower joint 4; meanwhile, the volume of the third central flow passage F3 is increased, the pressure of the drilling fluid in the third central flow passage F3 is small, the rotating speed of the pulse jet assembly is driven to be slow, and the pulse jet frequency is reduced. The bit pressure from the drill stem is transferred to the drill bit through the spring 8, so that the effects of buffering and absorbing vibration are achieved, and the damage to the drill bit caused by overhigh or overlow bit pressure is avoided; on the other hand, through the simple harmonic vibration rule of the spring 8, the drilling fluid generates continuously-changed pulse jet frequency after flowing through the pulse jet assembly. The pulse jet impact with continuously changing pulse jet frequency is more beneficial to improving a bottom hole flow field, reducing the pressure holding effect of the drilling fluid on rocks and reducing repeated crushing of rock debris, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency. In conclusion, the vertical reciprocating motion of the central pipe column relative to the shell can effectively prevent the over-high or over-low drilling pressure from protecting the drill bit, and can continuously change the pulse jet frequency to improve the rock breaking efficiency.
In addition, when the bit pressure is increased from a small value, the central pipe column moves downwards relative to the shell, the injection pipe 6 moves downwards to reduce the opening of the first injection hole 30, less steel particles enter the second cavity 26 from the annular space, when the bit pressure is increased continuously and exceeds a set value, the central pipe column continues to move downwards relative to the shell, the injection pipe 6 continues to move downwards to enable the opening of the first injection hole 30 to be small and completely closed, and at the moment, the steel particles do not enter the first injection hole from the annular space any more; when the bit pressure is reduced greatly, the central pipe column moves upwards relative to the shell, the injection pipe 6 moves upwards to increase the opening of the first injection hole 30, steel particles entering the second cavity 26 from the annular space are increased, when the bit pressure continues to be small, the central pipe column continues to move upwards relative to the shell, the injection pipe 6 continues to move upwards to enable the opening of the first injection hole 30 to be maximum and to be completely opened, and at the moment, the steel particles entering from the annular space are maximum. In conclusion, when the bit pressure is increased, the injected steel particles are reduced, and the pulse jet frequency is increased; when the bit pressure is reduced, the injected steel particles are increased, and the pulse jet frequency is reduced. That is, when the weight on bit is sufficient, rock breaking is performed by pulse jet impact, and when the weight on bit is insufficient, rock breaking is performed by particle jet impact in cooperation with over pulse jet impact. In addition, when the drilling pressure is too large, steel particles are not injected to break the rock, so that the drill jamming and the cutting teeth damage can be avoided on the premise of ensuring the rock breaking efficiency; when the drilling pressure is too small, the steel particles are injected to break rock in a synergic manner, so that the rock breaking efficiency can be improved on the premise that the drill sticking and the cutting teeth are not damaged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The oil drilling speed-up equipment is characterized by comprising an upper connector, a shell, a lower connector, a central pipe column, a central flow passage and an injection flow passage, wherein the central flow passage comprises a first central flow passage, a second central flow passage, a third central flow passage and a fourth central flow passage which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the injection flow passage comprises a first injection hole, a second cavity and a second injection hole which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the upper end of the upper connector is in threaded connection with a drilling tool, the lower end of the lower connector is in threaded connection with a drill bit, the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell which are in threaded connection, the central pipe column is positioned inside the shell and comprises an upper central pipe, an injection pipe and a lower central pipe, the upper end of the upper central pipe is in threaded connection with the lower end of the upper connector, the lower end of the upper connector is in threaded connection with the upper end of the injection pipe, the lower end of the, the outer wall of the upper central tube is provided with spline teeth matched with the spline grooves, the spline grooves and the spline teeth form spline connection, the upper central tube is slidably mounted in the upper shell through spline connection, a first cavity is formed among the upper central tube, the injection tube and the lower shell, the outer wall of the lower shell is provided with a plurality of first injection holes around the rotation axis of the lower shell, the outer wall of the large end of the injection tube is provided with a plurality of second cavities evenly distributed around the rotation axis of the injection tube, the inner wall of the large end of the injection tube is provided with a plurality of second injection holes evenly distributed around the rotation axis of the injection tube, the upper end of the lower joint is fixedly connected with a first inner sleeve and a second inner sleeve, the first inner sleeve is positioned in the second inner sleeve and has equal height, the inner wall of the first inner sleeve is of a circular cross section, the outer wall of the first inner sleeve is of a regular octagonal cross section, the inner wall and the outer, the outer wall is a circular cross section, a fourth cavity is formed among the lower central tube, the first inner sleeve and the second inner sleeve, the lower end of the lower central tube extends into the fourth cavity and slides up and down in the fourth cavity, a third cavity is formed among the lower outer shell, the lower joint, the injection tube, the lower central tube and the second inner sleeve, a spring is arranged in the third cavity, and a pulse jet assembly for generating pulse jet is arranged in the first inner sleeve.
2. The oil drilling speed-up device according to claim 1, wherein the first central flow passage is formed by sequentially connecting an upper joint central overflowing hole, an upper central pipe central overflowing hole and an injection pipe upper central overflowing hole, the second central flow passage F2 is formed by an injection pipe lower central overflowing hole, the third central flow passage is formed by a part of a lower central pipe central overflowing hole higher than the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve, the fourth central flow passage is formed by sequentially connecting a first inner sleeve central overflowing hole and a lower joint central overflowing hole, the overflowing area of the first central flow passage is larger than that of the second central flow passage, the overflowing area of the second central flow passage is smaller than that of the third central flow passage, and the overflowing area of the third central flow passage is larger than that of the fourth central flow passage.
3. The oil drilling speed-up equipment according to claim 2, wherein the first injection hole is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, the second injection hole is a through hole which is inclined downwards when viewed from outside to inside, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, when the spring is in the original length position, the upper surface of the second cavity is flush with the upper vertex of the first injection hole, the lower surface of the second cavity is flush with the lower vertex of the second injection hole, the axes of the first injection hole and the second injection hole are coincident at the moment, and the diameter of the second injection hole is smaller than or equal to that of the first injection hole.
4. The oil drilling acceleration device of claim 3, wherein the pulse jet assembly is located above the inner portion of the first inner sleeve, and comprises a first connecting rod and an impeller, the first inner sleeve is provided with a first mounting hole, the first connecting rod is rotatably mounted in the first mounting hole, the impeller is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod, the cross-section of the impeller perpendicular to the first inner sleeve is circular, the diameter of the impeller is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve, the surface of the impeller is provided with a wear-resistant coating, the uppermost end of the impeller is slightly lower than the upper end surface of the first inner sleeve, and the flow area of the fourth central flow passage is changed by the rotation of the impeller driven by the drilling fluid so as to generate pulse jet impact.
5. The oil drilling speed-increasing device according to claim 3, wherein the pulse jet assembly is located above the inside of the first inner sleeve, and comprises a turning plate, a second connecting rod and a gear, the first inner sleeve is provided with a second mounting hole, the second connecting rod is rotatably mounted in the second mounting hole, the second connecting rod penetrates through one end of the first inner sleeve and is mounted with the gear, the gear is fixedly connected with the second connecting rod through a flat key, the turning plate is fixedly connected with the second connecting rod, the lower part of the left side surface of the first inner sleeve perpendicular to the second connecting rod is provided with a rectangular groove, a rack which is mutually meshed with the gear is fixedly arranged in the rectangular groove, the turning plate is driven to rotate by the vertical movement of the rack to change the flow area of the fourth central flow passage so as to generate pulse jet impact, and when the spring is at the original length position, the top surface of the rectangular groove is lower than the upper end surface of the, a seal is arranged between the rectangular groove of the first inner sleeve and the upper end face of the first inner sleeve, a wear-resistant coating is arranged on the surface of the turning plate, and the diameter of the turning plate is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first inner sleeve.
6. The oil drilling speed-increasing device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the spring is provided with a spring pressure plate at each of the upper and lower ends thereof, the spring pressure plate has a U-shaped cross section with its U-shaped opening facing the spring, the lower end of the lower housing is provided with a plurality of first air holes uniformly distributed around the axis thereof, and the lower end of the second inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of second air holes uniformly distributed around the axis thereof.
7. The oil drilling speed-increasing equipment according to claim 6, wherein the first air vent is communicated with the third cavity and the external annular space, the height of the first air vent is higher than that of the second air vent, the second air vent is communicated with the third cavity and the fourth cavity, the height of the second air vent is higher than that of the lower spring pressure plate, and a filter plug is arranged in the first air vent.
8. The oil drilling speed-increasing equipment of claim 7, wherein the filtering pipe plug comprises an outer cover plate for preventing impurities from entering from the outer annulus, an inner cover plate provided with an outer air-permeable hole, a connecting rod for connecting the outer cover plate and the inner cover plate, a side wall for connecting the inner cover plate and the bottom plate, and a bottom plate provided with an inner air-permeable hole, wherein the outer end of the first air-permeable hole is provided with a cylindrical blind hole, the inner cover plate is axially positioned through the cylindrical blind hole, and the outer cover plate is positioned in the cylindrical blind hole.
9. The oil drilling speed-up equipment of claim 8, wherein the outer wall of the lower casing is provided with ball seats which are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the symmetrical cross-sectional shape of the ball seats is an arc, the arc is a major arc, the steel ball is arranged in the ball seats, the diameter of the steel ball is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the ball seats, the steel ball can freely rotate in the ball seats, and the sliding friction between the casing and the casing is converted into rolling friction by arranging the ball seats provided with the freely-rotating steel balls on the outer wall of the lower casing, so that the mechanical drilling speed is improved.
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| CN202010020391.9A CN111219147B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Petroleum drilling speed-up equipment |
| ZA2020/01410A ZA202001410B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-03-05 | Petroleum drilling speed-up device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010020391.9A CN111219147B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Petroleum drilling speed-up equipment |
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| CN111219147B true CN111219147B (en) | 2021-04-16 |
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| CN111624665B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-04-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Graphite deposit exploration method |
| CN112096308B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-05-13 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Buffer instantaneous pressure reduction short section for PDC drill bit |
| CN112901063B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-06 | 重庆科技学院 | Injection-suction type drilling speed-increasing tool |
| CN113006696B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2024-04-16 | 长江大学 | Drillable reamer for casing running operation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4750561A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1988-06-14 | Ben Wade Oaks Dickinson | Gravel packing system for a production radial tube |
| US4768709A (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1988-09-06 | Fluidyne Corporation | Process and apparatus for generating particulate containing fluid jets |
| CN2345284Y (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 1999-10-27 | 北京科技大学 | Self-oscillation water-jet super-fine disintegrator |
| CN106246114A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2016-12-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Mill drill pipe nipple in horizontal well pulse |
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