CN111216218A

CN111216218A - Side forming unit and system for casting precast concrete product

Info

Publication number: CN111216218A
Application number: CN201911144154.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彼得里·莱蒂宁; 特罗·马基
Original assignee: Elematic Oy
Current assignee: Elematic Oy; Elematic Oyj
Priority date: 2018-11-26
Filing date: 2019-11-20
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-20
Also published as: FI128825B; CN111216218B; FI20186000A1

Abstract

A side moulding unit (1) for casting precast concrete products for forming side mouldings for moulds for reinforced concrete products to be cast, the side moulding unit comprising a mould surface (2) which bounds the product to be cast, and the side moulding unit comprising: a first portion (2) having grooves (7, 7') for extending the reinforcement ring (4) through the side forming units, the grooves extending from opposite edges of the side forming units with respect to the fixing surfaces (6) of the side forming units; and a second part (3) attachable to the first part, the second part comprising a section of a groove covering a region of the first part not filled with reinforcement, wherein, when the second part (3) is attached to the first part (2), a single opening is formed at each groove (7, 7') for a reinforcement ring or a part of a reinforcement ring (4). The invention also relates to a system using the side forming unit (1).

Description

Side forming unit and system for casting precast concrete product

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a casting mould side forming unit for confining a precast concrete element or product to be cast in a mould, the side forming unit comprising a mould surface plate. More particularly, the present invention relates to a side forming unit that allows a reinforcement member to extend through the side forming unit, and a system that uses such a side forming unit.

Background

When manufacturing precast concrete elements, the elements are cast in moulds in an element factory, the moulds may be vertical moulds (such as a set of standing moulds) or horizontal moulds (such as a bench mould and a tilt mould). To assemble the mold, a detachable side molding unit (side form unit) attached to a mold surface (horizontal surface or vertical surface) by a magnet is generally used. The side forms or some of the side forming units of the casting mould may also be fixedly connected to the mould, typically at the edges of the mould surface, by bolts or welding, or by hinges.

When using a horizontal mould (e.g. a bench mould or a tilted mould), the manufacturing process is started by first building a mould defining the measurements of the product to be cast on the casting table. Currently, this is typically done by building a mold on a metal tiltable casting table of the mold-side molding unit that is attached by magnets. When the mould defining the outer measure of the mould is completed, there is a corresponding moulding area inside the mould, delimited by the side moulding units, if necessary, such as a window, a door or other corresponding arrangement defining the casting area of the cast product. Furthermore, when necessary, various devices are placed on the casting table in the mould for shaping the outer surface of the cast product or for forming the desired configuration on the outer surface, such as cardboard provided with a surface retarder which is provided on the casting table when casting pattern concrete. In the final stage of the preparation of the mould, which is provided with the necessary reinforcements, pipes and other components located inside the element to be cast, the concrete mixture is thereafter poured into the mould.

In order to pour the concrete mixture into the mould, a concrete mixture casting apparatus is typically used which moves over the mould, feeding the concrete mixture to the casting mould. When an inclined mould is used, the casting of the concrete mixture in the mould takes place from a casting device placed above or brought above the casting table. When casting in a circulating mold line, the casting mold is typically brought to a vibrator station provided with a casting device, where the concrete mixture is poured into the mold.

The mould filled with the concrete mixture may have been vibrated during casting of the concrete mixture (but not later than pouring the concrete mixture into the mould) to compact the concrete mixture and ensure that the mould is properly filled. When using an inclined mould, said vibration is for example achieved by the interposition of a vibrator placed under the casting table and in the circulation line of a vibrator station in which the concrete mixture is poured into the mould, said vibrator station being provided with a vibrator for vibrating the casting mould.

After the cast concrete product has cured, the product is removed from the casting mould by disassembling parts of the mould, by tilting the casting table and by lifting the product off the casting table by means of lifting rings or lugs provided in the product, in the case of a tilting mould. In the cyclic mold line, the mold is transferred to a separate tilt station to remove the cast concrete product from the mold.

The group formwork (pattern mold) casting technique is mainly used for casting solid precast concrete wall or floor elements. The battery of standing moulds generally comprises a plurality of vertical casting units arranged between a fixed side wall and a mobile side wall. The casting units are separated from each other by an intermediate wall defining vertical side surfaces for two mould units, one on each side of the intermediate wall. The moving side walls and an intermediate wall positioned between the moving side walls and the fixed side walls are movable along a track so that the distance between these side walls can be increased when opening the casting units one by one to remove solidified cast product from the casting units, or when providing casting units for new casting. Each casting unit also comprises a mould-side profile at the edge of the wall (which remains open for casting a concrete block into the casting unit, except for the top edge of the casting unit), which joins two adjacent walls to form the casting unit.

The battery stand die casting system may be formed to be one-sided (with the casting units positioned only between the stationary side walls and a single moving side wall) or to be two-sided (with two moving side walls on either side of the stationary side walls and an intermediate wall defining the casting units).

The main advantages obtained with the group standing mould casting technique are the small footprint required for the mould, the very precise dimensions and the smooth and ready-to-paint finish on both sides of the product to be cast.

In the group standing mould casting process, the series of casting units is first provided and, once all units are ready, the moving side walls are locked (usually with a suitable hydraulic system) with respect to the fixed side walls so that the casting units between the walls are pressed tightly against the side walls and the intermediate wall. The concrete block is then cast or poured into the mould unit at this stage so that each casting unit is filled substantially similarly and at the same stage so that the hydraulic pressure of the concrete block affects all casting units substantially similarly through the filling process. The concrete mass is compacted by vibration during and/or after casting into the mould. The concrete is cured once the casting units are filled. Once the concrete is cured at the appropriate pre-cure level, the casting units are opened one by one and the pre-cure elements are moved to the appropriate curing area for final curing.

In the pre-manufacture of concrete elements, elements comprising reinforcements extending to the outside of the element through the side surfaces of the element cause significant problems. The holes or recesses required for these reinforcements are difficult to form in the side profile or side profile elements in a prefabrication process in such a way that they are easy to use and sufficiently leak-proof in different applications. Therefore, these openings for the reinforcement often require a manual step to fill the remaining openings in order to prevent the concrete mass cast to the mould from leaking from the mould via portions of these openings.

Publication EP 3341170 a1 discloses a solution for a mould side profile of a precast concrete element, wherein the side profile unit comprises a horizontally adjustable upper section, so that two separate horizontally displaced mould surfaces can be profiled with the same side profile unit. In the adjustable part of the side forming unit, the mould surface locations may be provided with holes, slots or other recesses for reinforcements extending through the side forming unit.

Publication CN 204019694U discloses a concrete mould side profile in which recesses are formed in the side profile for the reinforcement to pass through. The disclosed side profile also comprises a second part for covering the free area of the recess between the parts of the two reinforcement members or stiffening rings by moving the second part relative to the first part in the length direction of the side profile. This solution significantly reduces the time for forming and assembling the mould, since the manual filling of the openings of the side profiles after the reinforcement has been placed in the respective position in the mould is minimized. When using this solution, some manual filling of the opening may still be required, and the solution is not sufficiently tight and leak-proof for use in, for example, a set of stand dies.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention provides a novel side forming unit which can utilize both horizontal and vertical dies and which allows for easy and quick placement of a reinforcement member to the die, the reinforcement member extending through the side forming unit. The side forming unit of the invention also provides a solution that allows the reinforcement to pass through the side forming unit without the need for additional manual operations to fill the excess openings in the side forming unit before casting the concrete mass into the mould, and wherein the side forming unit is easy to handle, so that it is very suitable for use in precast concrete products.

The side moulding unit for casting precast concrete products of the invention, in which the side moulding unit is used to form the side profile of a mould for a reinforced concrete product to be cast, comprises a mould surface bounding the product to be cast, a first part having a groove for a reinforcing ring to extend through the side moulding unit, the groove extending from opposite edges of the side moulding unit in relation to a fixing surface of the side moulding unit, and a second part attachable to the first part, the second part comprising a section of the groove covering a region of the first part not filled with reinforcing members, wherein, when the second part is attached to the first part, a single opening is formed at each groove for part of the reinforcing ring to exit the mould, and the two exit openings for the single reinforcing ring are positioned at different positions and heights along the length of the side moulding unit, and different recesses of the side forming units.

In one embodiment of the side forming unit of the present invention, the side forming unit is a detachable side forming unit secured to the mould surface by one or more separate magnets or an integral magnet. Alternatively, the first part of the side forming unit may be a fixed part of the mould.

In the embodiment of the detachable side forming unit, the fixing of the side forming unit to the mould surface is preferably carried out via the second part of the side forming unit.

In one embodiment of the side forming unit of the invention, the first and second parts are made of metal, preferably sheet steel.

In one embodiment of the side profile unit, the first part is fitted with a slot, in which parts of the second part are arranged, in order to fix these parts together in a perpendicular direction to the mould surface of the side profile element and to define their relative position.

The invention also provides a system for casting a precast concrete product in a casting mould, the concrete product comprising a reinforcement member extending out of the mould, the reinforcement member forming a reinforcement bar loop outside the concrete product, wherein at least one side moulding unit as discussed above is used in the casting mould and the reinforcement ring is placed in the mould in such a way that a first point at which the reinforcement ring exits from the mould is displaced relative to a second point at which the same reinforcement ring exits from the mould by tilting the reinforcement ring in the plane of a mould surface plate of the side moulding unit, said first and second exit points being positioned at different positions and heights along the length of the side moulding unit and at different recesses of said side moulding unit.

In one embodiment of the system of the present invention, the reinforcement ring is inclined by 3 ° to 7 ° with respect to a plane extending perpendicularly from both the casting surface to which the side forming unit is fixed and from the mould surface of the side forming unit.

More precisely, the features defining the side forming unit according to the invention are presented in claim 1 and the features defining the system of the invention are presented in claim 7. The dependent claims present advantageous features and embodiments of the invention.

Drawings

Exemplary embodiments of the invention and their advantages are explained in more detail below by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 schematically shows one embodiment of a side profile according to the invention fixed to a suitable casting surface by means of magnets,

figure 2 schematically shows the embodiment of figure 1,

figures 3 and 4 schematically show parts of embodiments of the above-mentioned figures, and

fig. 5 schematically shows a side view of the embodiment of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the side profile 1 of the invention shown schematically in fig. 1 to 5 comprises two

main parts

2 and 3, wherein the first part 2 forms the majority of the mould surface which confines the concrete product to be cast, and the second part 3 is mainly intended to cover the opening part formed in the first part 2 for the passage of the reinforcement 4 through the side profile 1. In this embodiment, the side profile 1 is a removable side profile which is secured by a magnet unit 5 to a suitable mould surface 6, such as the surface of a bench mould or the surface of a side wall of a set of stand moulds.

As can best be seen from fig. 4, a plurality of pairs of recesses 7 and 7' are formed in the first part 2 of the side profile 1 for the passage of the reinforcement 4 through the side profile 1. Corresponding opposite recesses 8, 8' (see fig. 3) are formed in the second part 3 of the side profile 1. When the second part 3 is attached to the first part 2, a side profile 1 is formed, wherein only small holes formed by the bottom part of the grooves 7, 7 'and the top part of the grooves 8, 8' remain in the side profile 1 for the reinforcement 4.

When using the side profile 1 for shaping a concrete mould, the first part 2 of the side profile is attached to the mould surface. This attachment may be made by means of an auxiliary magnet (not shown) positioned, for example, at the bottom of the first part 2.

During assembly of the formed mould, the reinforcement 4 is arranged on the mould such that the ends of the reinforcement extend through the first portion 2 in the recesses 7, 7'. Only a single reinforcement bar or, as shown in the embodiment of the figures, a portion of the reinforcement ring 4 is provided in a single groove 7, 7'. The reinforcement used is advantageously in the form of a reinforcement ring as shown, which is inclined in a suitable manner so that parts of the same reinforcement ring 4 can be arranged in separate recesses. Advantageously, the inclination is between 3 ° and 7 °.

Once the assembly of the mould is completed, the second part 3 is connected to the first part 2 by moving vertically downwards (i.e. perpendicularly towards the mould surface 6) so that the second part 3 attaches itself to the first part via a fitting (fitting form). The attachment of the fitting is achieved by a slot 9 formed in the upper part of the first part 2 and a wedge-shaped groove 10 formed at the bottom of the first part near the bottom of the deeper groove 7 to which the corresponding part of the second part is provided.

Thus, as a final step, the entire side profile 1 formed is fixed to the mould surface 6 via the second part 3 by the separate magnet unit 5, the final fastening also further fixing the first part 2 and the second part 3 firmly to each other. Advantageously, the magnet unit 5 is of the type disclosed in publication EP 1075917B, thus achieving a similar wedge-type fastening effect between the magnet unit 5 and the side profile 1.

Alternatively, in a set of standing moulds, the first and

second parts

2, 3 of the side profile 1 of the invention may be fixed parts of opposite side walls, so that the final side profile 1 is formed when the side walls of the set of standing moulds are fixed to each other.

The specific exemplary embodiments of the invention that are illustrated in the figures and discussed above are not to be construed as limiting. The embodiments of the invention described herein are susceptible to various obvious modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A side moulding unit (1) for casting precast concrete products for forming side mouldings for moulds for reinforced concrete products to be cast, the side moulding unit comprising a mould surface (2) bounding the product to be cast, and the side moulding unit comprising: a first portion (2) having grooves (7, 7') for extending a reinforcement ring (4) through the side forming units, the grooves extending from opposite edges of the side forming units relative to a fixing surface (6) of the side forming units; and a second part (3) attachable to the first part, the second part comprising a section covering the recess of the first part in the area not filled with reinforcement, characterized in that, when the second part (3) is attached to the first part (2), a single opening is formed at each of the recesses (7, 7') for letting part of the reinforcement ring (4) out of the mould, and that the two exit openings for a single reinforcement ring are positioned at different positions and heights along the length of the side forming unit and at different recesses of the side forming unit.

2. Side moulding unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the side moulding unit (1) is a detachable side moulding unit, secured to the mould surface (6) by one or more separate or integral magnets (5).

3. Side forming unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first part (2) of the side forming unit (1) is a fixed part of the mould.

4. Side moulding unit (1) according to claim 2, wherein the fixing of the side moulding unit (1) to the mould surface (6) is carried out via the second part (3) of the side moulding unit.

5. The side forming unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first part (2) and the second part (3) are made of metal, preferably sheet metal.

6. Side moulding unit (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first part (2) is fitted with slots (9, 10) in which parts of the second part (3) are arranged in order to fix the first part (2) and the second part (3) together in a direction perpendicular to the mould surface of the side moulding (1) and to define the relative positions of the first part and the second part.

7. A system for casting precast concrete products in mould casting, the concrete products comprising a reinforcement (4) extending outside the mould, the reinforcement forming a reinforcement bar ring outside the concrete product, characterized in that at least one side forming unit (1) according to the preceding claim is used in the casting mould, and the reinforcement ring (4) is placed in the mould so as to displace a first point (7, 8) in relation to a second point (7 ', 8'), at which the reinforcement ring exits from the mould, by inclining the reinforcement ring in the plane of the mould surface plate (2) of the side forming unit, the same reinforcement ring exits from the mould at the second point, the first and second exit points being positioned at different positions and heights along the length of the side forming unit and at different grooves of the side forming unit.

8. System according to claim 7, wherein the reinforcement ring (4) is inclined by 3 ° to 7 ° with respect to a plane extending perpendicularly from both the casting surface (6) to which the side forming unit (1) is fixed and from the mould surface (2) of the side forming unit.