CN111215860B - Machining method of engine crankshaft - Google Patents
Machining method of engine crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111215860B CN111215860B CN202010154200.8A CN202010154200A CN111215860B CN 111215860 B CN111215860 B CN 111215860B CN 202010154200 A CN202010154200 A CN 202010154200A CN 111215860 B CN111215860 B CN 111215860B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crankshaft machining, and particularly relates to a method for machining an engine crankshaft; the heat treatment device used in the method comprises a shell, a top plate, a controller, a heater and a moving unit; the controller is arranged on the shell and used for controlling the mobile unit to normally operate; the moving unit is used for moving an engine crankshaft to be processed; a quenching chamber and a cooling chamber are arranged in the shell, and a T-shaped sliding groove is arranged on the top wall of the shell; the moving unit is arranged in the sliding groove and comprises a motor, a clamping block, a sliding block, a screw rod and an electric telescopic rod; according to the invention, the quenching chamber and the cooling chamber are arranged together, and the moving units are matched, so that the engine crankshaft can be rapidly conveyed into the cooling chamber for cooling after quenching is finished, the cooling speed is greatly increased, the heat treatment effect of the engine crankshaft is better, and the quality of the engine crankshaft is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crankshaft machining, and particularly relates to a machining method of an engine crankshaft.
Background
The crankshaft is an important part in automobile engine, and it is matched with connecting rod to change the gas pressure acting on piston into rotary power, and transfer it into the transmission mechanism of chassis, at the same time, drive valve mechanism and other auxiliary device. When the crankshaft works, the crankshaft is under the action of gas pressure, inertia force and inertia moment, is stressed greatly and is stressed complexly, and meanwhile, the crankshaft is a high-speed rotating part, so that the crankshaft is required to have enough rigidity and strength, good impact load bearing capacity, wear resistance and good lubrication.
In the heat treatment process of the crankshaft, high-frequency quenching is needed, the crankshaft of the engine is heated to be higher than a critical temperature, and the cooling speed is required to be higher than a critical cooling speed, while in the high-frequency quenching process in the prior art, the heating and the cooling are often divided into two procedures, so that the cooling speed cannot meet the requirement; in the process of cooling the engine crankshaft in the cooling chamber, if the cooling liquid is static, the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft can be subjected to heat transfer quickly, but the temperature difference between the cooling liquid far away and the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft is large, so that the cooling efficiency is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for processing an engine crankshaft, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for processing an engine crankshaft comprises the following steps:
s1: forging a blank, namely forging the alloy steel into the blank after smelting, wherein the forging temperature is controlled to be 1100-1300 ℃;
s2: rough machining, namely performing rough turning on the blank forged in the step S1, and normalizing the workpiece subjected to rough turning at the normalizing temperature of 800-1000 ℃; rough turning of the blank can process the approximate outline of the crankshaft, so that subsequent normalizing treatment is facilitated, the normalizing treatment is preliminary heat treatment, the preliminary heat treatment can improve the size of grains, the grains are refined, better cutting performance is obtained, and preparation is made for the subsequent heat treatment;
s3: performing mechanical semi-finishing and finish machining on the workpiece subjected to the normalizing treatment in the S2, and performing stress-relief annealing treatment on the workpiece subjected to the mechanical machining, wherein the annealing time is half an hour, and the annealing temperature is 150-200 ℃; residual stress can be generated in the structure after mechanical processing, the subsequent heat treatment process is influenced, and therefore the structure stress is eliminated through stress relief annealing, and the quality of a workpiece is improved;
s4: carrying out modulation treatment on the work piece subjected to stress relief annealing in the step S3, wherein the modulation treatment comprises high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment, the work piece is placed into a heat treatment device for high-frequency quenching during the high-frequency quenching, the quenching temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the tempering treatment is carried out after the high-frequency quenching is finished, the tempering treatment temperature is controlled at 560 ℃, the heat is preserved for two hours, and the work piece can be taken out after air cooling; the hardness of the workpiece is improved through quenching treatment; the toughness of the workpiece is improved through tempering treatment;
wherein the heat treatment apparatus in S4 comprises a case, a top plate, a controller, a heater, and a moving unit; the controller is arranged on the shell and used for controlling the mobile unit to normally operate; the moving unit is used for moving an engine crankshaft to be processed; a quenching chamber and a cooling chamber are arranged in the shell, and a T-shaped sliding groove is arranged on the top wall of the shell; the moving unit is arranged in the sliding groove and comprises a motor, a clamping block, a sliding block, a screw rod and an electric telescopic rod; the motor is positioned on one side of the top wall of the shell, and an output shaft of the motor is connected with the screw; the screw rod is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the chute; the sliding block is arranged on the screw rod, the top of the sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, and two symmetrically distributed electric telescopic rods are fixed below the sliding block; the tops of the electric telescopic rods are rotatably connected with a clamping block; the sliding block is divided into two parts by a double-shaft cylinder arranged in the middle, and mainly comprises a body and a sliding block connected with the bottom in a sliding manner; the both ends of biax cylinder are connected respectively on the sliding block of both sides, and the distance between two sliding blocks can be adjusted to the biax cylinder to make the distance between two electric telescopic handle change along with the slider synchronization of corresponding connection respectively, the distance change between two electric telescopic handle can lead to the distance between two clamp splices also to change thereupon. When the quenching device works, high-frequency quenching is needed in the heat treatment process of the crankshaft, the crankshaft of the engine is heated to a temperature higher than a critical temperature, and the cooling speed must be higher than a critical cooling speed, but in the high-frequency quenching process in the prior art, the heating and cooling are often divided into two working procedures, so that the cooling speed cannot meet the requirement, and therefore, the quenching device and the cooling chamber are arranged together and matched through the moving unit, so that the crankshaft of the engine can be rapidly conveyed into the cooling chamber for cooling after the quenching is finished, the cooling speed is greatly improved, the heat treatment effect of the crankshaft of the engine is better, and the quality of the crankshaft of the engine is better; specifically, a heater is turned on to preheat, then an engine crankshaft is placed at the center position between two clamping blocks through a manipulator and is kept still, two ends of a double-shaft cylinder are controlled by a controller to synchronously contract towards the middle part, so that two connected sliding blocks are driven to move towards the middle part, the sliding blocks can drive a connected electric telescopic rod to synchronously move towards the middle part, so that the connected clamping blocks move towards the middle part until the clamping blocks on two sides are in contact with two ends of a crankshaft of an engine to be machined and clamp the crankshaft, and the clamping blocks on the lower part can adapt to the crankshaft of the engine with different lengths through the movable sliding blocks, so that the application range is expanded; after an engine crankshaft to be processed is clamped, the controller controls the electric telescopic rod to extend until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber, and then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod to retract, wherein the electric telescopic rod is a multi-section telescopic rod; and then the controller controls the heater to heat rapidly, after the heating is finished, the controller repeats the actions again to take the engine crankshaft out of the quenching chamber, then the motor is controlled to work, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate, the screw rod rotates to drive the sliding block to move towards one side of the cooling chamber, when the engine crankshaft reaches the cooling chamber, the controller controls the actions to repeat again to put the engine crankshaft into the cooling chamber to be cooled, and the steps are repeated so as to finish the high-frequency quenching of the engine crankshaft.
Preferably, a turbulence unit is installed at the center of the bottom of the cooling chamber; the flow disturbing unit is used for promoting the cooling liquid in the cooling chamber to flow and comprises a vibrating plate, a vibrating spring and an elastic plate; the vibrating plate is positioned at the center of the cooling chamber, and the bottom of the vibrating plate is connected with two vibrating springs; two vibrating spring is along vibration board central symmetry distribution, and vibrating spring's the other end all links firmly on the diapire of cooling chamber. When the cooling device works, in the process of cooling the engine crankshaft in the cooling chamber, if the cooling liquid is static, the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft can be quickly subjected to heat transfer, but the temperature difference between the cooling liquid far away and the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft is larger, so that the cooling efficiency is greatly influenced, therefore, the cooling device provided by the invention has the advantages that the turbulence unit specially arranged in the cooling chamber is matched with the vibration plate, the vibration spring and the elastic plate in the turbulence unit, so that the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft flows, the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is further improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved; specifically, when the engine crankshaft is placed into the cooling chamber, the gravity action of the engine crankshaft can press the vibration plate below the engine crankshaft, so that the connected vibration springs are compressed and contracted, the vibration plate moves towards the bottom of the cooling chamber along with the cooling spring, the cooling hydraulic pressure at the bottom flows towards two sides, the elastic plates correspondingly arranged at two sides are met in the flowing process, the elastic plates generate certain vibration after being impacted by the flowing cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is disturbed, the cooling liquid flows rapidly, the vibration plate and the engine crankshaft can be pushed to do certain up-and-down reciprocating movement under the elastic action of the vibration spring, until the elastic plates are finally static, the blades greatly promote the flowing of the cooling liquid in the up-and-down reciprocating movement process of the vibration plate, and the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is greatly improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved.
Preferably, the outer ring of the double-shaft cylinder is fixedly connected with a mounting ring; a motor is arranged on the mounting ring; one sides of the two clamping blocks close to each other are connected with a steel wire rope; the two steel wire ropes are sequentially wound on the outer surfaces of the corresponding electric telescopic rods and connected to a driving shaft of the motor; an opening shaped like a Chinese character 'men' is arranged on the clamping block, and chamfering processing is carried out on two sides of the opening. When the engine crankshaft lifting device works, the engine crankshafts with different sizes are arranged in different engine models, the controller controls the motor to start in the placing process, so that a driving shaft of the motor can rotate, the steel wire ropes which are connected can be wound in the rotating process, the steel wire ropes are wound to gradually pull the clamping blocks which are connected at two sides, the two clamping blocks rotate towards the middle part under the action of pulling force, the clamping blocks are provided with door-shaped openings, and the two sides of the openings are chamfered, so that the door-shaped openings can be conveniently utilized to be aligned to the two ends of the engine crankshaft in the clamping process of the crankshaft by using the clamping blocks, the two ends of the engine crankshaft are placed in the door-shaped openings, the two ends of the engine crankshaft are lifted, and the stability of the engine crankshaft is also realized without clamping the engine crankshaft, at the moment, the motor stops rotating, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod to extend out until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber, then the controller controls the driving shaft of the motor to rotate reversely, the steel wire rope is loosened to put down the engine crankshaft, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod to retract, and the reciprocating operation is carried out.
Preferably, a support plate is fixedly connected below the vibrating plate; a sliding cavity is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooling chamber; the bottom end of the supporting plate is slidably arranged in the sliding cavity; and a group of flow channels are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding cavity. The during operation, the backup pad that the in-process that moves down at the vibration board can promote the bottom removes at the intracavity that slides, because the chamber that slides passes through slide and the inside intercommunication of cooling chamber, consequently under the quick extrusion of backup pad, can extrude the coolant liquid of the intracavity that slides from the slide of both sides fast, frozen liquid also can meet the elastic plate of vortex in the in-process of extruding to with the vortex of flowing of coolant liquid bigger degree, make the heat exchange efficiency of engine crankshaft and coolant liquid further improve, and then further improve holistic cooling efficiency, also improve engine crankshaft's whole machining efficiency.
Preferably, the diameter of the flow channel is gradually increased as the distance from the sliding cavity is farther, and the flow channels on the two sides are symmetrically distributed. During operation, through setting the runner to grow gradually, and the runner symmetric distribution of both sides makes when receiving the backup pad extrusion in the intracavity that slides, its inside coolant liquid can spray away with stronger impact force to realize the vortex of coolant liquid rapidly, and then make heat exchange efficiency improve greatly, make the heat exchange efficiency of engine crankshaft and coolant liquid further improve, and then further improvement holistic cooling efficiency.
Preferably, an edge of the vibration plate is formed in a circular arc shape. During operation, the edge of vibration board sets to circular-arcly for engine crankshaft reduces with the edge area of contact of vibration board, thereby can so that both can take place relative movement when engine crankshaft oppresses, and then makes engine crankshaft self take place the displacement of removal, and further increase and the area of contact of coolant liquid further improve heat exchange efficiency, have strengthened the cooling effect, have improved holistic thermal treatment efficiency.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the quenching chamber and the cooling chamber are arranged together, and the moving units are matched, so that the engine crankshaft can be rapidly conveyed into the cooling chamber for cooling after quenching is finished, the cooling speed is greatly increased, the heat treatment effect of the engine crankshaft is better, and the quality of the engine crankshaft is better.
2. According to the invention, the turbulence unit is specially arranged in the cooling chamber, and the vibration plate, the vibration spring and the elastic plate in the turbulence unit are matched to further perform turbulence on the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft flows, the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is further improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: the quenching device comprises a shell 1, a top plate 2, a moving unit 3, a motor 31, a clamping block 32, a sliding block 33, a screw 34, an electric telescopic rod 35, a quenching chamber 4, a cooling chamber 5, a sliding chute 6, a double-shaft cylinder 7, a motor 8, a turbulence unit 9, a vibrating plate 91, a vibrating spring 92, an elastic plate 93, a supporting plate 10, a sliding cavity 11, a flow channel 12 and a steel wire rope 13.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the method for processing the engine crankshaft of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: forging a blank, namely forging the alloy steel into the blank after smelting, wherein the forging temperature is controlled to be 1100-1300 ℃;
s2: rough machining, namely performing rough turning on the blank forged in the step S1, and normalizing the workpiece subjected to rough turning at the normalizing temperature of 800-1000 ℃; rough turning of the blank can process the approximate outline of the crankshaft, so that subsequent normalizing treatment is facilitated, the normalizing treatment is preliminary heat treatment, the preliminary heat treatment can improve the size of grains, the grains are refined, better cutting performance is obtained, and preparation is made for the subsequent heat treatment;
s3: performing mechanical semi-finishing and finish machining on the workpiece subjected to the normalizing treatment in the S2, and performing stress-relief annealing treatment on the workpiece subjected to the mechanical machining, wherein the annealing time is half an hour, and the annealing temperature is 150-200 ℃; residual stress can be generated in the structure after mechanical processing, the subsequent heat treatment process is influenced, and therefore the structure stress is eliminated through stress relief annealing, and the quality of a workpiece is improved;
s4: carrying out modulation treatment on the work piece subjected to stress relief annealing in the step S3, wherein the modulation treatment comprises high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment, the work piece is placed into a heat treatment device for high-frequency quenching during the high-frequency quenching, the quenching temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the tempering treatment is carried out after the high-frequency quenching is finished, the tempering treatment temperature is controlled at 560 ℃, the heat is preserved for two hours, and the work piece can be taken out after air cooling; the hardness of the workpiece is improved through quenching treatment; the toughness of the workpiece is improved through tempering treatment;
wherein the heat treatment apparatus in S4 includes a case 1, a top plate 2, a controller, a heater, and a moving unit 3; the controller is arranged on the shell 1 and is used for controlling the mobile unit 3 to normally operate; the moving unit 3 is used for moving an engine crankshaft to be processed; a quenching chamber 4 and a cooling chamber 5 are arranged in the shell 1, and a T-shaped sliding groove 6 is arranged on the top wall of the shell 1; the moving unit 3 is arranged in the chute 6, and the moving unit 3 comprises a motor 31, a clamping block 32, a sliding block 33, a screw 34 and an electric telescopic rod 35; the motor 31 is positioned on one side of the top wall of the shell 1, and an output shaft of the motor 31 is connected with the screw 34; the screw rod 34 is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the chute 6; the sliding block 33 is arranged on the screw rod 34, the top of the sliding block 33 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove 6, and two symmetrically distributed electric telescopic rods 35 are fixed below the sliding block 33; the top of each electric telescopic rod 35 is rotatably connected with a clamping block 32; the sliding block 33 is divided into two parts by a double-shaft cylinder 7 arranged in the middle, and the sliding block 33 mainly comprises a body and a sliding block connected with the bottom in a sliding manner; the both ends of biax cylinder are connected respectively on the sliding block of both sides, and distance between two sliding blocks can be adjusted to biax cylinder 7 to make the distance between two electric telescopic handle 35 change along with the slider 33 synchronous change that corresponds the connection respectively, the distance change between two electric telescopic handle 35 can lead to the distance between two clamp splice 32 also to change thereupon. When the quenching device works, high-frequency quenching is needed in the heat treatment process of the crankshaft, the high-frequency quenching is to heat the engine crankshaft to be higher than a critical temperature, and the cooling speed must be higher than a critical cooling speed, but in the high-frequency quenching process in the prior art, the heating and cooling are often divided into two working procedures, so that the cooling speed cannot meet the requirement, and therefore, the quenching device can rapidly convey the engine crankshaft to the cooling chamber 5 for cooling after the quenching is finished by arranging the quenching chamber 4 and the cooling chamber 5 together and matching the moving unit 3, so that the cooling speed is greatly improved, the heat treatment effect of the engine crankshaft is better, and the quality of the engine crankshaft is better; specifically, the heater is firstly turned on for preheating, then the engine crankshaft is placed at the central position between the two clamping blocks 32 through the manipulator and is kept still, the two ends of the double-shaft cylinder 7 are controlled by the controller to synchronously contract towards the middle part, so that the two connected sliding blocks are driven to move towards the middle part, the sliding blocks can drive the connected electric telescopic rods 35 to synchronously move towards the middle part, so that the connected clamping blocks 32 move towards the middle part until the clamping blocks 32 at the two sides are contacted with and clamp the two ends of the engine crankshaft to be machined, and the clamping blocks 32 at the lower part can adapt to the engine crankshafts with different lengths through the movable sliding blocks, so that the application range is expanded; after an engine crankshaft to be processed is clamped, the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to extend until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber 4, and then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to retract, wherein the electric telescopic rod 35 is a multi-section telescopic rod; and then the controller controls the heater to rapidly heat, namely after the heating is finished, the controller repeats the actions again to take the engine crankshaft out of the quenching chamber 4, then controls the motor 31 to work, so as to drive the screw rod 34 to rotate, the screw rod 34 rotates to drive the slide block 33 to move towards one side of the cooling chamber 5, when the engine crankshaft reaches the cooling chamber 5, the controller controls the actions to repeat again to put the engine crankshaft into the cooling chamber 5 to be cooled, and the steps are repeated so as to finish the high-frequency quenching of the engine crankshaft.
As an embodiment of the invention, a turbulence unit 9 is installed at the bottom center position of the cooling chamber 5; the spoiler unit 9 is used for promoting the cooling liquid in the cooling chamber 5 to flow, and the spoiler unit 9 comprises a vibration plate 91, a vibration spring 92 and an elastic plate 93; the vibration plate 91 is positioned at the center of the cooling chamber 5, and the bottom of the vibration plate 91 is connected with two vibration springs 92; the two vibration springs 92 are symmetrically distributed along the center of the vibration plate 91, and the other ends of the vibration springs 92 are fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the cooling chamber 5. During operation, in the process of cooling the engine crankshaft in the cooling chamber 5, if the cooling liquid is static, the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft can be rapidly subjected to heat transfer, but the temperature difference between the cooling liquid far away and the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft is large, so that the cooling efficiency is greatly influenced, therefore, the cooling liquid is disturbed by the specially arranged disturbing unit 9 in the cooling chamber 5 through the matching of the vibrating plate 91, the vibrating spring 92 and the elastic plate 93 in the disturbing unit 9, so that the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft flows, the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is further improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved; specifically, when the engine crankshaft is placed in the cooling chamber 5, the gravity action of the engine crankshaft can press the vibration plate 91 below, so that the connected vibration springs 92 are compressed and contracted, at the moment, the vibration plate 91 moves towards the bottom of the cooling chamber 5 along with the vibration plate, so that the cooling hydraulic pressure at the bottom flows towards two sides, the elastic plates 93 correspondingly arranged at two sides are encountered in the flowing process, at the moment, the elastic plates 93 generate certain vibration after being impacted by the flowing cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is disturbed, the cooling liquid flows rapidly, the vibration plate 91 and the engine crankshaft can be pushed to do certain up-and-down reciprocating movement under the elastic force action of the vibration springs 92, until the vibration plate is finally static, the blade greatly promotes the flow of the cooling liquid in the up-and-down reciprocating movement process of the vibration plate 91, and the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is greatly improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved.
As an embodiment of the invention, the outer ring of the double-shaft cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with a mounting ring; the motor 8 is arranged on the mounting ring; one sides of the two clamping blocks 32 close to each other are connected with a steel wire rope 13; the two steel wire ropes 13 are sequentially wound on the outer surfaces of the corresponding electric telescopic rods 35 and connected to a driving shaft of the motor 8; the clamping block 32 is provided with an opening shaped like a Chinese character 'men', and both sides of the opening are chamfered. When the engine crankshaft lifting device works, engine crankshafts with different sizes exist in different engine models, the controller controls the motor 8 to start in the placing process, so that a driving shaft of the motor 8 can rotate, the steel wire ropes 13 connected with each other can be wound in the rotating process, the steel wire ropes 13 are wound to gradually pull the clamping blocks 32 connected with two sides, the two clamping blocks 32 rotate towards the middle part under the action of pulling force, the clamping blocks 32 are provided with door-shaped openings, and both sides of the openings are chamfered, so that the door-shaped openings can be conveniently used for aligning the two ends of the engine crankshaft in the process of clamping the crankshaft by using the clamping blocks 32, the two ends of the engine crankshaft are placed in the door-shaped openings, the lifting of the two ends of the engine crankshaft is realized, and the stability of the engine crankshaft is also realized without clamping the engine crankshaft, at the moment, the motor 8 stops rotating, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to extend out until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber 4, then the controller controls the driving shaft of the motor 8 to rotate reversely, the steel wire rope 13 is loosened, the engine crankshaft is put down, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to retract, and the reciprocating operation is carried out.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a supporting plate 10 is fixedly connected below the vibrating plate 91; a sliding cavity 11 is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooling chamber 5; the bottom end of the supporting plate 10 is slidably arranged in the sliding cavity 11; and a group of flow channels 12 are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding cavity 11. During operation, the backup pad 10 that can promote the bottom at the in-process that vibration board 91 moved down removes in the chamber 11 that slides, because the chamber 11 that slides passes through the inside intercommunication of slide and cooling chamber 5, consequently under the quick extrusion of backup pad 10, can extrude the coolant liquid in the chamber 11 that slides from the slide of both sides fast, frozen liquid also can meet the elastic plate 93 of vortex in the in-process of extruding, thereby with the vortex of flowing of coolant liquid bigger degree, make the heat exchange efficiency of engine crankshaft and coolant liquid further improve, and then further improve holistic cooling efficiency, also improve the whole machining efficiency of engine crankshaft.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the flow channel 12 gradually increases as the distance from the sliding chamber 11 increases, and the flow channels 12 on both sides are symmetrically distributed. During operation, through setting runner 12 to grow gradually, and the runner 12 symmetric distribution of both sides makes when sliding 11 adduction backup pads 10 extrudees in the chamber, its inside coolant liquid can go out with stronger impact force injection to realize the vortex of coolant liquid rapidly, and then make heat exchange efficiency improve greatly, make the heat exchange efficiency of engine crankshaft and coolant liquid further improve, and then further improve holistic cooling efficiency.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an edge of the vibration plate 91 is formed in a circular arc shape. During operation, the edge of vibration board 91 sets to circular-arc for engine crankshaft reduces with the edge area of contact of vibration board 91, thereby can make both can take place relative movement when engine crankshaft oppresses, and then makes engine crankshaft self take place the displacement of removal, and further increase and the area of contact of coolant liquid further improve heat exchange efficiency, have strengthened the cooling effect, have improved holistic thermal treatment efficiency.
When the quenching device works, high-frequency quenching is needed in the heat treatment process of the crankshaft, the high-frequency quenching is to heat the engine crankshaft to be higher than a critical temperature, and the cooling speed must be higher than a critical cooling speed, but in the high-frequency quenching process in the prior art, the heating and cooling are often divided into two working procedures, so that the cooling speed cannot meet the requirement, and therefore, the quenching device can rapidly convey the engine crankshaft to the cooling chamber 5 for cooling after the quenching is finished by arranging the quenching chamber 4 and the cooling chamber 5 together and matching the moving unit 3, so that the cooling speed is greatly improved, the heat treatment effect of the engine crankshaft is better, and the quality of the engine crankshaft is better; specifically, the heater is firstly turned on for preheating, then the engine crankshaft is placed at the central position between the two clamping blocks 32 through the manipulator and is kept still, the two ends of the double-shaft cylinder 7 are controlled by the controller to synchronously contract towards the middle part, so that the two connected sliding blocks are driven to move towards the middle part, the sliding blocks can drive the connected electric telescopic rods 35 to synchronously move towards the middle part, so that the connected clamping blocks 32 move towards the middle part until the clamping blocks 32 at the two sides are contacted with and clamp the two ends of the engine crankshaft to be machined, and the clamping blocks 32 at the lower part can adapt to the engine crankshafts with different lengths through the movable sliding blocks, so that the application range is expanded; after an engine crankshaft to be processed is clamped, the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to extend until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber 4, and then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to retract, wherein the electric telescopic rod 35 is a multi-section telescopic rod; then the controller controls the heater to heat rapidly, after the heating is finished, the controller repeats the actions again to take the engine crankshaft out of the quenching chamber 4, then the motor 31 is controlled to work, so that the screw rod 34 is driven to rotate, the screw rod 34 rotates to drive the slide block 33 to move towards one side of the cooling chamber 5, when the engine crankshaft reaches the cooling chamber 5, the controller controls the actions to repeat again to put the engine crankshaft into the cooling chamber 5 for cooling, and the steps are repeated so as to finish the high-frequency quenching of the engine crankshaft;
in the process of cooling the engine crankshaft in the cooling chamber 5, if the cooling liquid is static, the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft can be rapidly subjected to heat transfer, but the temperature difference between the cooling liquid far away and the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft is large, so that the cooling efficiency is greatly influenced, therefore, the cooling liquid is disturbed by the specially arranged disturbing unit 9 in the cooling chamber 5 through the matching of the vibrating plate 91, the vibrating spring 92 and the elastic plate 93 in the disturbing unit 9, so that the cooling liquid near the engine crankshaft flows, the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is further improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved; specifically, when the engine crankshaft is placed in the cooling chamber 5, the gravity action of the engine crankshaft can press the vibration plate 91 below, so that the connected vibration springs 92 are compressed and contracted, at the moment, the vibration plate 91 moves towards the bottom of the cooling chamber 5 along with the vibration plate, so that the cooling hydraulic pressure at the bottom flows towards two sides, the elastic plates 93 correspondingly arranged at two sides are encountered in the flowing process, at the moment, the elastic plates 93 generate certain vibration after being impacted by the flowing cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is disturbed, the cooling liquid flows rapidly, the vibration plate 91 and the engine crankshaft can be pushed to do certain up-and-down reciprocating movement under the elastic force action of the vibration springs 92, until the vibration plate is finally static, the blade greatly promotes the flow of the cooling liquid in the up-and-down reciprocating movement process of the vibration plate 91, and the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling liquid and the engine crankshaft is greatly improved, the cooling efficiency is enhanced, and the overall processing efficiency of the engine crankshaft is further improved;
meanwhile, because engine crankshafts with different sizes exist in different engine models, the controller controls the motor 8 to start in the placing process, so that a driving shaft of the motor 8 can rotate, the steel wire ropes 13 which are connected can be wound in the rotating process, the steel wire ropes 13 are wound to gradually pull the clamping blocks 32 which are connected at two sides, the two clamping blocks 32 rotate towards the middle part under the action of pulling force, the clamping blocks 32 are provided with door-shaped openings, and both sides of the openings are chamfered, so that the door-shaped openings can be conveniently utilized to aim at two ends of the engine crankshaft in the process of clamping the crankshaft by using the clamping blocks 32, and then the two ends of the engine crankshaft are placed in the door-shaped openings, thereby realizing the lifting of the two ends of the engine crankshaft, and realizing the stability of the engine crankshaft without clamping the engine crankshaft, at the moment, the motor 8 stops rotating, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to extend out until the engine crankshaft is moved into the quenching chamber 4, then the controller controls the driving shaft of the motor 8 to rotate reversely, the steel wire rope 13 is loosened, the engine crankshaft is put down, then the controller controls the electric telescopic rod 35 to retract, and the reciprocating operation is carried out.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A method for processing an engine crankshaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: forging a blank, namely forging the alloy steel into the blank after smelting, wherein the forging temperature is controlled to be 1100-1300 ℃;
s2: rough machining, namely performing rough turning on the blank forged in the step S1, and normalizing the workpiece subjected to rough turning at the normalizing temperature of 800-1000 ℃;
s3: performing mechanical semi-finishing and finish machining on the workpiece subjected to the normalizing treatment in the S2, and performing stress-relief annealing treatment on the workpiece subjected to the mechanical machining, wherein the annealing time is half an hour, and the annealing temperature is 150-200 ℃;
s4: carrying out modulation treatment on the work piece subjected to stress relief annealing in the step S3, wherein the modulation treatment comprises high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment, the work piece is placed into a heat treatment device for high-frequency quenching during the high-frequency quenching, the quenching temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the tempering treatment is carried out after the high-frequency quenching is finished, the tempering treatment temperature is controlled at 560 ℃, the heat is preserved for two hours, and the work piece can be taken out after air cooling;
wherein the heat treatment apparatus in S4 comprises a case (1), a top plate (2), a controller, a heater, and a moving unit (3); the controller is arranged on the shell (1) and is used for controlling the mobile unit (3) to normally operate; the moving unit (3) is used for moving an engine crankshaft to be processed; a quenching chamber (4) and a cooling chamber (5) are arranged in the shell (1), and a T-shaped sliding groove (6) is arranged on the top wall of the shell (1); the moving unit (3) is arranged in the sliding groove (6), and the moving unit (3) comprises a motor (31), a clamping block (32), a sliding block (33), a screw rod (34) and an electric telescopic rod (35); the motor (31) is positioned on one side of the top wall of the shell (1), and an output shaft of the motor (31) is connected with the screw (34); the screw rod (34) is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the chute (6); the sliding block (33) is arranged on the screw rod (34), the top of the sliding block (33) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (6), and two symmetrically distributed electric telescopic rods (35) are fixed below the sliding block (33); the top parts of the electric telescopic rods (35) are respectively connected with a clamping block (32) in a rotating way; the sliding block (33) is divided into two parts by a double-shaft cylinder (7) arranged in the middle, and the sliding block (33) mainly comprises a body and a sliding block connected with the bottom in a sliding manner; the two ends of the double-shaft cylinder (7) are respectively connected to the sliding blocks on the two sides, the double-shaft cylinder (7) can adjust the distance between the two sliding blocks, so that the distance between the two electric telescopic rods (35) is respectively changed along with the sliding blocks (33) which are correspondingly connected, and the change of the distance between the two electric telescopic rods (35) can cause the change of the distance between the two clamping blocks (32);
a turbulence unit (9) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the cooling chamber (5); the turbulent flow unit (9) is used for promoting the cooling liquid in the cooling chamber (5) to flow, and the turbulent flow unit (9) comprises a vibration plate (91), a vibration spring (92) and an elastic plate (93); the vibration plate (91) is positioned at the center of the cooling chamber (5), and the bottom of the vibration plate (91) is connected with two vibration springs (92); the two vibrating springs (92) are symmetrically distributed along the center of the vibrating plate (91), and the other ends of the vibrating springs (92) are fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the cooling chamber (5);
a support plate (10) is fixedly connected below the vibrating plate (91); a sliding cavity (11) is arranged on the bottom wall of the cooling chamber (5); the bottom end of the supporting plate (10) is slidably arranged in the sliding cavity (11); and a group of flow channels (12) are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding cavity (11).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the outer ring of the double-shaft cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with a mounting ring; a motor (8) is arranged on the mounting ring; one sides of the two clamping blocks (32) close to each other are connected with a steel wire rope (13); the two steel wire ropes (13) are sequentially wound on the outer surfaces of the corresponding electric telescopic rods (35) and connected to a driving shaft of the motor (8); an opening shaped like a Chinese character 'men' is arranged on the clamping block (32), and chamfering processing is carried out on two sides of the opening.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the edge of the vibrating plate (91) is provided in an arc shape.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the flow channel (12) is gradually increased as the distance from the sliding cavity (11) is farther, and the flow channels (12) on the two sides are symmetrically distributed.
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| CN112251583A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-22 | 扬州扬子江宝云缸套有限公司 | Heat treatment process for engine cylinder block |
| CN114410946B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2024-03-15 | 罡阳轴研科技(灌云)有限公司 | Device heat treatment device for crankshaft machining |
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| US8444781B1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2013-05-21 | Keystone Investment Corporation | Method of strengthening metal parts through ausizing |
| CN105483352A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆本创机械有限公司 | Heat treatment device for cam shaft |
| CN207537498U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-26 | 重庆市青蓝机械制造有限公司 | Shot is tempered cooling device |
| CN209793422U (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-12-17 | 浙江欧莱格装饰材料科技有限公司 | Surface treatment equipment is used in production of ya keli decorative board |
| CN209954248U (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-01-17 | 苏州世原精密科技有限公司 | Adjustable inclination angle clamp for machining low-carbon and low-alloy steel structural part |
| CN109971938B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-09-01 | 滨州鲁德曲轴有限责任公司 | Multifunctional device heat treatment device for crankshaft machining |
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