CN111215642A - Servo tool rest for chip breaking and cutting method thereof - Google Patents
Servo tool rest for chip breaking and cutting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111215642A CN111215642A CN201911026775.5A CN201911026775A CN111215642A CN 111215642 A CN111215642 A CN 111215642A CN 201911026775 A CN201911026775 A CN 201911026775A CN 111215642 A CN111215642 A CN 111215642A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100510602 Mus musculus Lacc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
- B23Q1/34—Relative movement obtained by use of deformable elements, e.g. piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, elastic or thermally-dilatable elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a servo tool rest for chip breaking and a cutting method thereof, wherein the servo tool rest comprises a tool rest body, the middle part of the tool rest body is provided with an open slot, a turning tool is arranged in the open slot, two side walls of the open slot are respectively provided with a group of first through holes and a group of second through holes, a first piezoelectric ceramic driver is arranged in the first through holes, a second piezoelectric ceramic driver is arranged in the second through holes, and the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver are respectively abutted against two sides of the turning tool; the top sliding connection of knife rest body has the upper end apron, and the first pretension bolt that acts on the lathe tool top is worn to be equipped with in the middle part of upper end apron, and when screwing first pretension bolt, upper end apron and first pretension bolt along with lathe tool synchronous motion. The variable-feed type chip breaker adopts a variable-feed mode to carry out cutting processing, and has good chip breaking performance on different blanks and under the condition of different cutting consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing equipment, in particular to a servo tool rest for chip breaking and a cutting method thereof.
Background
Turning is one of the most common machining methods in metal cutting. For automatic processing equipment such as a numerical control machine tool (a processing center) and the like, due to the fact that the number of cutters is large, a cutter rest is closely connected with the cutters, and the problem of chip breaking is more important, as long as the chip breaking of the cutters is unreliable, the automatic circulation of a machine tool can be damaged, even the normal operation of the whole automatic line is damaged, and therefore the reliability of the chip breaking of the cutters must be considered when the cutters are designed, selected or sharpened.
The chip breaking method commonly used at present mainly comprises the following steps: changing the tool geometry and adjusting the cutting load, using pre-grooving methods on the workpiece surface, using chip breakers, etc. For the method of changing the geometric parameters of the tool, reducing the rake angle of the tool; increasing the main declination; grinding a negative chamfer on the main cutting edge; reducing the cutting speed; increasing the feed rate and changing the shape of the main cutting edge can promote chip breakage. However, chip breaking by these methods often leads to a decrease in machining productivity, deterioration in surface quality of a workpiece, an increase in cutting force, and the like, and such methods are rarely used in an automatic line. The method of pre-grooving the surface of the workpiece has a good chip breaking effect, but increases the amount of work for machining. In addition, the method of breaking chips using the chip breaker is widely used. For example, in order to be suitable for different cutting dosage ranges, the hard alloy indexable insert is pressed with chip breakers with various shapes and sizes, so that the chip breakers are convenient to select, and the defects are that the reasonable geometric parameters of the cutter are determined and are restrained by chip breaker requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a servo tool rest for chip breaking and a cutting method thereof. The variable-feed type chip breaker adopts a variable-feed mode to carry out cutting processing, and has good chip breaking performance on different blanks and under the condition of different cutting consumption.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a servo tool rest for chip breaking comprises a tool rest body, wherein an open slot is formed in the middle of the tool rest body, a turning tool is arranged in the open slot, a group of first through holes and a group of second through holes are formed in two side walls of the open slot respectively, a first piezoelectric ceramic driver is installed in the first through holes, a second piezoelectric ceramic driver is installed in the second through holes, and the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver are abutted to two sides of the turning tool respectively; the top sliding connection of knife rest body has the upper end apron, and the first pretension bolt that acts on the lathe tool top is worn to be equipped with in the middle part of upper end apron, and when screwing first pretension bolt, upper end apron and first pretension bolt along with lathe tool synchronous motion.
In the servo tool rest for chip breaking, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver is slidably disposed in the corresponding first through hole, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver is slidably disposed in the corresponding second through hole; a right end cover plate and a left end cover plate are respectively arranged at two ends of the tool rest body, a group of second pre-tightening bolts penetrate through the right end cover plate, the second pre-tightening bolts are in threaded fit with corresponding first through holes in the tool rest body, and the second pre-tightening bolts abut against the first piezoelectric ceramic driver; and a group of third pre-tightening bolts penetrates through the left end cover plate, the third pre-tightening bolts are in threaded fit with the corresponding second through holes in the tool rest body, and the third pre-tightening bolts abut against the second piezoelectric ceramic driver.
In the servo tool rest for chip breaking, the number of the first through holes is the same as that of the second through holes, and the orthographic projection of the first through holes coincides with the corresponding second through holes.
In the servo tool rest for chip breaking, the top of the tool rest body is provided with the i-shaped guide rail which is parallel to the displacement direction of the turning tool, and the bottom of the upper end cover plate is provided with the i-shaped sliding groove matched with the i-shaped guide rail.
In the servo tool rest for chip breaking, a plurality of mounting grooves are formed in the bottom of the opening groove, rolling steel balls are embedded in the mounting grooves, and the turning tool is arranged on the rolling steel balls.
In the servo tool holder for chip breaking, the first pre-tightening bolt has two or more.
The cutting method of the servo tool rest for chip breaking comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the turning tool in an open slot of the tool rest body;
s2, the left side and the right side of the turning tool are respectively abutted by a second piezoelectric ceramic driver and a first piezoelectric ceramic driver, the second piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a second through hole by a left end cover plate on one side of the tool rest main body, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a first through hole by a right end cover plate on the other side of the tool rest main body, the left and the right mounting positions of the turning tool are determined by adjusting a second pre-tightening bolt and a third pre-tightening bolt, and the bottom surface of the first pre-tightening bolt is tightly abutted with the upper surface of the turning tool by adjusting the first pre-tightening bolt, so that the effect of fixing the;
and S3, performing variable feed turning, and moving the cutting edge of the turning tool under the driving of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver.
in the cutting method of the servo tool rest for chip breaking, in the step S3, in the variable feed turning process, when the cutting edge of the turning tool is required to move leftward, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end applies a positive voltage to extend △ x, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end applies a corresponding negative voltage to shorten △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves leftward △ x, and when the cutting edge of the turning tool is required to move rightward, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end applies a negative voltage to shorten △ x, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end applies a corresponding positive voltage to extend △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves rightward △ x.
the method is characterized in that the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver are respectively connected with a first point A and a second point A of the turning tool, and the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver are respectively connected with a first point A and a second point A of the turning tool.
According to the invention, the mounting positions of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver can be adjusted by adjusting the second pre-tightening bolt and the third pre-tightening bolt, so that the initial mounting position of the turning tool is adjusted, and the adjustment is very convenient.
According to the invention, the number of the first through holes is the same as that of the second through holes, and the orthographic projection of the first through holes is superposed with the corresponding second through holes, so that after the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver are installed, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver apply equal-large reverse stress on two sides of the turning tool, thus the surfaces of the two sides of the turning tool are uniformly stressed, and the fixing effect of the turning tool is improved.
The top of the tool rest body is provided with the I-shaped guide rail, and the upper end cover plate slides along the I-shaped guide rail by arranging the I-shaped sliding groove matched with the I-shaped guide rail at the bottom of the upper end cover plate. When the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver act, the upper end cover plate moves corresponding positions on the I-shaped guide rail along with the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver.
According to the invention, the rolling steel ball is arranged in the mounting groove at the bottom of the open slot, and the turning tool is arranged on the rolling steel ball, so that the turning tool can conveniently move left and right under the driving of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver.
The first pre-tightening bolts are two or more, and the plurality of first pre-tightening bolts form a plurality of downward force applying sources and act on the upper surface of the turning tool, so that the turning tool can be more stably installed, and the lateral deviation is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall construction of a servo tool post;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the servo tool holder;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the servo tool post;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the servo tool rest after the upper end cover plate is hidden;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the servo tool post;
3 FIG. 3 6 3 is 3 a 3 cross 3- 3 sectional 3 view 3 of 3 section 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 5 3; 3
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bar;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the cutting path at point A on the blade edge;
fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a change in cut thickness.
The labels in the figures are: 1. a tool holder body; 2. an open slot; 3. turning a tool; 4. a first piezoelectric ceramic driver; 5. a second piezoelectric ceramic driver; 6. an upper end cover plate; 7. a first pre-tightening bolt; 8. a right end cover plate; 9. a left end cover plate; 10. a second pre-tightening bolt; 11. a third pre-tightening bolt; 12. an I-shaped chute; 13. an I-shaped guide rail; 14. rolling the steel ball; 15. a first through hole; 16. a second through hole; 17. and (4) mounting the groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b): a servo tool rest for chip breaking is disclosed, as shown in attached figures 1-6, and comprises a tool rest body 1, wherein an open slot 2 is formed in the middle of the tool rest body 1, a turning tool 3 is arranged in the open slot 2, a group of first through holes 15 and a group of second through holes 16 are respectively formed in two side walls of the open slot 2, a first piezoelectric ceramic driver 4 is installed in the first through hole 15, a second piezoelectric ceramic driver 5 is installed in the second through hole 16, and the first piezoelectric ceramic driver 4 and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver 5 respectively abut against two sides of the turning tool 3; the top sliding connection of knife rest body 1 has upper end cover plate 6, and first pretension bolt 7 that acts on the top of lathe tool 3 is worn to be equipped with in the middle part of upper end cover plate 6, and when screwing first pretension bolt 7, the bottom of first pretension bolt 7 supports at the top of lathe tool 3, and upper end cover plate 6 and first pretension bolt 7 along with lathe tool 3 synchronous motion.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first piezoceramic drivers 4 are slidably disposed in the corresponding first through holes 15, and the second piezoceramic drivers 5 are slidably disposed in the corresponding second through holes 16; a right end cover plate 8 and a left end cover plate 9 are respectively arranged at two ends of the tool rest body 1, a group of second pre-tightening bolts 10 penetrate through the right end cover plate 8, the second pre-tightening bolts 10 are in threaded fit with corresponding first through holes 15 on the tool rest body 1, and the second pre-tightening bolts 10 abut against the first piezoelectric ceramic driver 4; a group of third pre-tightening bolts 11 penetrate through the left end cover plate 9, the third pre-tightening bolts 11 are in threaded fit with corresponding second through holes 16 in the tool rest body 1, and the third pre-tightening bolts 11 abut against the second piezoelectric ceramic driver 5. The mounting positions of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver 4 and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the second pre-tightening bolt 10 and the third pre-tightening bolt 11, so that the initial mounting position of the turning tool 3 is adjusted, and the adjustment is very convenient.
Wherein, the quantity of first through-hole 15 is the same with the quantity of second through-hole 16, and first through-hole 15 is 6 with the quantity of second through-hole 16 in this embodiment, just orthographic projection of first through-hole 15 coincides mutually with corresponding second through-hole 16 to after installation first piezoceramics driver 4 and second piezoceramics driver 5, equidimension reverse stress is applyed in the both sides of lathe tool 3 to first piezoceramics driver 4 and second piezoceramics driver 5, thereby makes 3 both sides surfaces of lathe tool atress even, improves the fixed effect of lathe tool 3.
As shown in fig. 2, an i-shaped guide rail 13 is arranged at the top of the tool holder body 1, the i-shaped guide rail 13 is parallel to the displacement direction of the turning tool 3, and an i-shaped sliding groove 12 matched with the i-shaped guide rail 13 is arranged at the bottom of the upper end cover plate 6, so that the upper end cover plate 6 slides along the i-shaped guide rail 13. When the first piezoceramic driver 4 and the second piezoceramic driver 5 are actuated, the upper end cover plate 6 moves correspondingly on the I-shaped guide rail 13 along with the first piezoceramic driver and the second piezoceramic driver.
As shown in fig. 6, a plurality of mounting grooves 17 are formed at the bottom of the open groove 2, a rolling steel ball 14 is embedded in the mounting groove 17, and the turning tool 3 is arranged on the rolling steel ball 14, so that the turning tool 3 can be conveniently moved left and right under the driving of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver 4 and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver 5.
The first pre-tightening bolts 7 are two or more, the plurality of first pre-tightening bolts 7 form a plurality of downward force applying sources and act on the upper surface of the turning tool 3, the turning tool 3 can be installed more stably, and the occurrence of lateral deviation is prevented.
With reference to the foregoing servo tool holder for chip breaking, a cutting method thereof includes the steps of:
s1, mounting the turning tool in an open slot of the tool rest body;
s2, the left side and the right side of the turning tool are respectively abutted by a second piezoelectric ceramic driver and a first piezoelectric ceramic driver, the second piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a second through hole by a left end cover plate on one side of the tool rest main body, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a first through hole by a right end cover plate on the other side of the tool rest main body, the left and the right mounting positions of the turning tool are determined by adjusting a second pre-tightening bolt and a third pre-tightening bolt, and the bottom surface of the first pre-tightening bolt is tightly abutted with the upper surface of the turning tool by adjusting the first pre-tightening bolt, so that the effect of fixing the;
s3, carrying out variable feed turning, and driving the cutting edge of the turning tool to move under the drive of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver, when the cutting edge of the turning tool is required to move leftwards, applying positive voltage to the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end to extend △ x, applying corresponding negative voltage to the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end to shorten △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves leftwards △ x, when the cutting edge of the turning tool is required to move rightwards, applying negative voltage to the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end to shorten △ x, and applying corresponding positive voltage to the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end to extend △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves rightwards △ x.
The cutting edge periodically moves under the drive of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver, if a cylindrical bar is machined, the diameter of the section d of the cylindrical bar is shown in the attached drawing 7, the cylindrical section of the cylindrical bar is unfolded, a point A on the cutting edge is taken, the cutting track is shown in the attached drawing 8, the bandwidth f shown by a dotted line is the feed amount in normal turning, the maximum feed amount in variable-feed turning adopted by the invention is fAmax, and the minimum feed amount is fAmin. The movement track of the point A is an approximate sine curve, and a weak link can be generated on the thickness of the cutting chip by adjusting the phase of the movement track of the cutter blade in two adjacent turns of the workpiece, so that the cutting chip is easy to break, the change of the thickness of the cutting chip in variable feed cutting machining is shown in figure 9, and when the previous machining track of the point A is overlapped with the next machining track, the thickness of the cutting chip is zero, so that the cutting chip achieves the effect of chip breaking. Therefore, the variable-feed type chip cutting machine adopts a variable-feed mode to carry out cutting processing, and has good chip breaking performance on different blanks and under the condition of different cutting consumption.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a servo knife rest for chip breaking, includes knife rest body (1), its characterized in that: the middle of the tool rest body (1) is provided with an open slot (2), a turning tool (3) is arranged in the open slot (2), two side walls of the open slot (2) are respectively provided with a group of first through holes (15) and a group of second through holes (16), a first piezoelectric ceramic driver (4) is installed in each first through hole (15), a second piezoelectric ceramic driver (5) is installed in each second through hole (16), and the first piezoelectric ceramic driver (4) and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver (5) respectively abut against two sides of the turning tool (3); the top sliding connection of knife rest body (1) has upper end cover plate (6), and first pretension bolt (7) that act on lathe tool (3) top are worn to be equipped with in the middle part of upper end cover plate (6), and when screwing first pretension bolt (7), upper end cover plate (6) and first pretension bolt (7) along with lathe tool (3) synchronous motion.
2. A chip-breaking servo tool holder according to claim 1, wherein: the first piezoelectric ceramic drivers (4) are arranged in the corresponding first through holes (15) in a sliding manner, and the second piezoelectric ceramic drivers (5) are arranged in the corresponding second through holes (16) in a sliding manner; a right end cover plate (8) and a left end cover plate (9) are respectively arranged at two ends of the tool rest body (1), a group of second pre-tightening bolts (10) penetrate through the right end cover plate (8), the second pre-tightening bolts (10) are in threaded fit with corresponding first through holes (15) in the tool rest body (1), and the second pre-tightening bolts (10) abut against the first piezoelectric ceramic driver (4); a group of third pre-tightening bolts (11) penetrate through the left end cover plate (9), the third pre-tightening bolts (11) are in threaded fit with corresponding second through holes (16) in the tool rest body (1), and the third pre-tightening bolts (11) abut against the second piezoelectric ceramic driver (5).
3. A chip-breaking servo tool holder according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the first through holes (15) is the same as that of the second through holes (16), and the orthographic projection of the first through holes (15) is coincided with the corresponding second through holes (16).
4. A chip-breaking servo tool holder according to claim 1, wherein: the tool rest is characterized in that an I-shaped guide rail (13) is arranged at the top of the tool rest body (1), the I-shaped guide rail (13) is parallel to the displacement direction of the turning tool (3), and an I-shaped sliding groove (12) matched with the I-shaped guide rail (13) is arranged at the bottom of the upper end cover plate (6).
5. A chip-breaking servo tool holder according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of mounting grooves (17) are seted up to the bottom of open slot (2), mounting groove (17) are embedded to be equipped with rolling steel ball (14), lathe tool (3) set up on rolling steel ball (14).
6. A chip-breaking servo tool holder according to claim 1, wherein: the first pre-tightening bolts (7) are two or more.
7. A cutting method of a servo blade holder for chip breaking according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the turning tool in an open slot of the tool rest body;
s2, the left side and the right side of the turning tool are respectively abutted by a second piezoelectric ceramic driver and a first piezoelectric ceramic driver, the second piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a second through hole by a left end cover plate on one side of the tool rest main body, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver is sealed in a first through hole by a right end cover plate on the other side of the tool rest main body, the left and the right mounting positions of the turning tool are determined by adjusting a second pre-tightening bolt and a third pre-tightening bolt, and the bottom surface of the first pre-tightening bolt is tightly abutted with the upper surface of the turning tool by adjusting the first pre-tightening bolt, so that the effect of fixing the;
and S3, performing variable feed turning, and moving the cutting edge of the turning tool under the driving of the first piezoelectric ceramic driver and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver.
8. the cutting method of a servo tool post for chip breaking as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step of S3, when the left movement of the cutting edge of the turning tool is required, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end applies a positive voltage to extend △ x, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end applies a corresponding negative voltage to shorten △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves leftward △ x, and when the right movement of the cutting edge of the turning tool is required, the first piezoelectric ceramic driver at the right end applies a negative voltage to shorten △ x, and the second piezoelectric ceramic driver at the left end applies a corresponding positive voltage to extend △ x, so that the cutting edge of the turning tool moves rightward △ x.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911026775.5A CN111215642B (en) | 2019-10-26 | 2019-10-26 | Servo tool rest for chip breaking and cutting method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911026775.5A CN111215642B (en) | 2019-10-26 | 2019-10-26 | Servo tool rest for chip breaking and cutting method thereof |
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| CN111215642B CN111215642B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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2019
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| US4575942A (en) * | 1982-10-18 | 1986-03-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ultra-precision two-dimensional moving apparatus |
| CN102189272A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-09-21 | 宁波大学 | High-frequency-response non-circular cutting device and control method thereof |
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