CN111215464A - Short-flow production process of magnesium alloy extruded material - Google Patents
Short-flow production process of magnesium alloy extruded material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111215464A CN111215464A CN201811426168.3A CN201811426168A CN111215464A CN 111215464 A CN111215464 A CN 111215464A CN 201811426168 A CN201811426168 A CN 201811426168A CN 111215464 A CN111215464 A CN 111215464A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
- B21C23/212—Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
- B21C35/03—Straightening the work
Abstract
The invention discloses a short-flow production process of a magnesium alloy extruded material, which comprises the following steps: preheating the extrusion blank and then extruding; centering the extruded material after extrusion, and carrying out primary online cooling; applying a traction force to the extruded material with the temperature of 50-350 ℃ to carry out on-line traction and warm drawing so as to enable the extruded material to generate 0.2-10% of plastic strain; the extrudate was cut and cooled a second time to room temperature. The short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material can improve the automation degree in the extrusion process, combines the straightness treatment and the strengthening treatment of the extruded material, greatly shortens the preparation flow of the magnesium alloy extruded material, reduces repeated heating in the straightening process and improves the straightness of the straightened section compared with the longer process flow of the process of extruding, drawing to a cooling bed, heating up, preheating, stretching, straightening and cooling to room temperature in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnesium alloy production process, in particular to a production process of a magnesium alloy extrusion material.
Background
The extruded material of the magnesium-aluminum alloy in the light alloy has higher strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance and other comprehensive properties than an as-cast state, can realize one-time extrusion molding by extrusion processing of the light alloy, has high production efficiency and high product flexibility, can produce products with complex cross section shapes, and has obvious light weight effect, so the extruded material of the magnesium-aluminum alloy in the light alloy is paid keen attention in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail transit and the like.
Further, the magnesium alloy has a low density (density of 1.8 g/cm)3) High specific strength and specific rigidity and certain excellent physical properties (such as heat conducting performance, electromagnetic shielding performance, damping performance and response characteristic to sound high-frequency sound range), so that the composite material has good application prospect in the fields of transportation industry such as automobiles and rail transit, household appliance and electronic industry and the like.
However, higher requirements are also placed on the mechanical properties, straightness of the extruded material and production efficiency of the extruded material.
In the prior art, the preparation process of the magnesium alloy extruded material comprises the following steps: the hot extrusion machine is responsible for extrusion, and then, the haulage line is responsible for drawing and the scale cutting the extruded extrusion material, and the straightening is carried to the straightener to the extrusion material at last.
In the process, the straightening machine usually adopts a stretching straightening machine, and the principle is that longitudinal fibers of a metal workpiece are inevitably uneven in length when the metal workpiece is not straight, and the uneven-length fibers are inevitably recovered to a stable state by basically equal elastic recovery when external force is removed after the metal workpiece is subjected to plastic stretching to reach equal length, so that the straightening purpose is achieved.
However, because the magnesium alloy material has insufficient plasticity at room temperature and low formability, the magnesium alloy extruded material cannot be straightened and straightened at room temperature, and the magnesium alloy material must be heated to a certain temperature before being straightened, the straightening device suitable for the magnesium alloy extruded material must be composed of a heating device and a straightening machine together, so that the production line of the magnesium alloy hot extruded finished product is long, and the production efficiency is low.
In addition, in the single tractor generally adopted in the prior art, after the extruded material reaches a certain length, the extruder needs to be stopped or limited in speed to complete cutting and return of the tractor head, which causes that the production line cannot produce continuously, not only the production efficiency is affected, but also the shutdown or speed reduction of the main machine causes intermittent changes of the temperature field and the pressure field of the extruded material in the die, and causes uneven properties of the extruded material.
The Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN102266881A and the publication number of 2011, 12, 7 and the name of 'the stretching straightening device for the online heating and straightening process of the magnesium alloy extruded material' discloses a stretching straightening device for the online heating and straightening process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, and the device is provided with a heating device below a track for supporting the extruded material by a straightening machine, so that the phenomenon of bending caused by thermal stress is avoided due to the support of the track in the process of heating the extruded material.
Chinese patent publication No. CN103302130A, published as 2013, 9, and 18, entitled "a high-performance magnesium alloy profile with complex cross section" discloses a high-performance magnesium alloy profile with complex cross section. In the technical scheme disclosed in the patent document, the preparation process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of heating a casting blank → heating a die → heating an extrusion cylinder → extruding → drawing by a tractor → cutting and pressing strip → tension straightening → sawing → artificial straightening, and the high-speed extrusion, straightness and low residual stress state of the magnesium alloy extrusion material are ensured because the magnesium alloy blank is heated by a three-stage temperature-gradient heating process without temperature compensation and vibration stress removal.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104060202A, published as 24/9/2014, entitled "an online temperature correction device for magnesium alloy extruded material", discloses an online temperature correction device for magnesium alloy extruded material. The device utilizes a plurality of running roller roll-in straightener to realize can carrying out the roll-in straightening of magnesium alloy extruded material in extrusion mouth department, and its process that saves than conventional is: the reheating before straightening does not need to be off-line, and the shortening of the flow is very limited.
In conclusion, the production line of the magnesium alloy extruded material in the prior art is too long, and a traction machine and a straightening machine need to be arranged independently, which is not beneficial to improving the production efficiency and saving the production cost. Therefore, a production method is expected to be obtained, on one hand, the continuous production of the magnesium alloy extruded material product can be ensured to be realized on a shorter production line, so that the process steps are saved, the production efficiency is improved, the cost of the magnesium extrusion process is reduced, and on the other hand, the high precision of the straightness of the produced magnesium alloy extruded material is favorably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a short-flow production process of a magnesium alloy extruded material, which can improve the automation degree in the extrusion process, compound the straightness treatment and the strengthening treatment of the magnesium alloy extruded material, greatly shorten the preparation flow of the magnesium alloy extruded material, reduce the repeated heating in the straightening process, improve the straightness of the straightened section, save the process steps, improve the production efficiency and reduce the cost of the magnesium extrusion process compared with the longer process flow of the process of extruding, drawing the extruded magnesium alloy material to a cooling bed, heating, preheating, stretching, straightening and cooling to room temperature in the prior art; simultaneously, the strength of the extruded material is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a short-flow production process of a magnesium alloy extruded material, which comprises the following steps of:
preheating the extrusion blank and then extruding;
centering the extruded material after extrusion, and carrying out primary online cooling;
applying a traction force to the extruded material with the temperature of 50-350 ℃ to carry out on-line traction and warm drawing so as to enable the extruded material to generate 0.2-10% of plastic strain;
the extrudate was cut and cooled a second time to room temperature.
The inventor of the scheme aims at the defect that the flow of the magnesium alloy extruded material is long, the waste heat of the extruded material is utilized, and the traction force is applied to the outlet end of the extruder, so that the magnesium alloy extruded material can generate the temperature plastic deformation rate higher than that required by the traditional straightening, and the effect of improving the strength of the magnesium alloy extruded material can be achieved while the magnesium alloy extruded material is straightened through the strain strengthening or the aging strengthening of the higher temperature plastic deformation. In addition, the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material greatly shortens the preparation flow of the magnesium alloy extruded material, reduces the heating in the straightening process and saves the cost of the magnesium extruded material.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, because the magnesium alloy extrusion material generates heat due to friction in the extrusion process, the surface temperature of the magnesium alloy extrusion material which is just extruded at the position close to the outlet of the die is usually as high as 350-450 ℃, and the magnesium alloy extrusion material stays at the high temperature for a long time, the grain structure and the surface quality are obviously deteriorated, so that the mechanical property and the surface quality of the extrusion material are influenced, therefore, the extrusion material is cooled and temperature-controlled, and according to the specific magnesium alloy extrusion material, the first online cooling and the second online cooling are adopted, so that the magnesium alloy extrusion material with better performance is obtained.
In the above scheme, the first online cooling and the second online cooling may adopt a medium temperature control cooling method, and the medium may be a gas or liquid medium.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the extruded blank is preheated to 250-480 ℃.
Further, in order to ensure that the temperature of the magnesium alloy extruded material is not too high or too low during extrusion, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the output speed of the extruded material is 0.5-100m/min during extrusion.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the temperature of the extruded material is controlled to be 150-350 ℃ through the first online cooling.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the cooling speed is controlled to be 1-200 ℃/s when the first online cooling is carried out.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the traction force is applied to the extruded material so as to carry out on-line traction and warm drawing, so that the extruded material generates 0.5-6% of plastic strain.
Furthermore, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the traction force is 100-1000N.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, when the second cooling is performed: if the temperature of the extruded material is lower than 150 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature; if the temperature of the extruded material is higher than 150 ℃, cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 1-200 ℃/s.
Furthermore, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the content of Mg element in the magnesium alloy extruded material is more than 75 wt%.
Further, in the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, a traction system is adopted to center the extruded material and apply traction force, the traction system is arranged at the downstream of the extruder, and the traction system comprises:
the horizontal vertical centering device is arranged beside the outlet end of the extruding machine and used for centering the extruded material output by the outlet end of the extruding machine;
the first traction device is arranged at the downstream of the horizontal vertical centering device and can walk along a first traction track;
the second traction device is arranged at the downstream of the horizontal vertical centering device and can walk along a second traction track; a cutting machine for cutting off the extruded material is arranged on the second traction device;
the control device is respectively connected with the first traction device and the second traction device;
wherein the first traction device and the second traction device alternately grip the extruded material and apply traction to the extruded material.
Adopt this traction system to exert traction force to the extruded material, make this technical scheme can be directed against the long shortcoming of magnesium alloy extruded material procedure, through utilizing the waste heat of extruded material, and exert traction force at the extruder exit end, make the magnesium alloy extruded material when being hauled out the extrusion export, produce between two extrusion traction chucks and pull required stress and temperature plastic deformation higher than traditional, through higher temperature plastic deformation strain strengthening or ageing strengthening make when straightening the magnesium alloy extruded material, can also play the effect that promotes the intensity of magnesium alloy extruded material.
Compared with the technical scheme in the prior art, the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional extruded section preparation method, the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material has the advantages that the straightness of the extruded material obtained by extrusion is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the strength of the material is also greatly improved;
(2) the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material utilizes the waste heat of the magnesium extruded material to straighten the magnesium alloy extruded material, but not the traditional straightening equipment with the heating function, and the straightening does not need to be reheated, thereby saving energy;
(3) according to the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material, the extruded material is subjected to strain strengthening or strain induced aging strengthening by utilizing warm plastic deformation while being pulled, and the strength of the magnesium alloy extruded material is improved while straightening is realized;
(4) the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material adopts a solution scheme of integrating automatic on-line centering clamping and conveying, double traction for traction and warm-drawing straightening into a whole, and compared with the traditional extrusion method, the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material has the advantages that the number of equipment and the number of process steps are reduced, the short-flow high-efficiency preparation is realized, the product performance is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically shows a process for preparing an extruded magnesium alloy material by a short-process production process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the structure of a traction system using the short-run production process of magnesium alloy extrudate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material according to the present invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to the drawings and the specific examples, however, the explanation and the illustration should not be construed as an undue limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a process for preparing an extruded magnesium alloy material by a short-process production process according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an extruded billet of magnesium alloy is heated to a predetermined temperature for a certain time in a heating furnace according to the alloy composition; and (3) passing the preheated extrusion blank through an extruder, and selecting proper extrusion temperature and extrusion speed to obtain the extrusion material. The obtained extruded material is subjected to extrusion centering, on-line primary cooling temperature control, on-line traction, warm drawing and secondary cooling treatment cutting by adopting a traction system of a short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material to obtain a final product, and the obtained final product is a high-straightness and high-strength extruded material.
To better illustrate the effect of the short run process of the present invention, comparative examples 1-8 and examples 1-8 using different magnesium alloy compositions are shown below.
Table 1 shows the alloy compositions and extrusion parameters used for the extruded materials of the magnesium alloys of comparative examples 1 to 8 and examples 1 to 8.
Table 1.
Numbering | Alloy composition |
Comparative example 1 | Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.5Mn |
Example 1 | Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.5Mn |
Comparative example 2 | Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.5Mn |
Example 2 | Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.5Mn |
Comparative example 3 | Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca |
Example 3 | Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca |
Comparative example 4 | Mg-1Al-1Ca-0.5Mn |
Example 4 | Mg-1Al-1Ca-0.5Mn |
Comparative example 5 | Mg-1Al-1Ca-0.5Mn |
Example 5 | Mg-1Al-1Ca-0.5Mn |
Comparative example 6 | Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr |
Example 6 | Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr |
Comparative example 7 | Mg-2Y-7Gd-0.5Zr |
Example 7 | Mg-2Y-7Gd-0.5Zr |
Comparative example 8 | Mg-4Y-3Nd-0.5Zr |
Example 8 | Mg-4Y-3Nd-0.5Zr |
Comparative examples 1 to 8 and examples 1 to 8 were carried out to prepare extrudates using the procedure shown in FIG. 1, and specific process parameters from step 100 to step 600 are shown in Table 2.
Table 2.
When the second cooling is performed in step 500, if the temperature of the extruded material is lower than 150 ℃, the extruded material is naturally cooled to room temperature; if the temperature of the extruded material is higher than 150 ℃, the extruded material can be cooled to the room temperature at a cooling speed of 1-200 ℃/s.
It can be seen from table 1 and table 2 that the straightness of each comparative example is poor due to the adoption of the conventional extrusion conditions, and the straightness of each example of the present case is significantly improved, and the yield strength is also significantly improved due to the adoption of the strain strengthening of the plastic deformation generated by the warm drawing.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the structure of a traction system using the short-run production process of magnesium alloy extrudate according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the drawing system in the present embodiment is provided downstream of the extruder 1, and includes: the horizontal vertical centering device 2 is arranged beside the outlet end of the extruder and used for centering the magnesium alloy extruded material 7 output by the outlet end of the extruder 1; the first traction device 4 is arranged at the downstream of the horizontal vertical centering device 2, and the first traction device 4 can walk along a first traction track 4.1; a second traction device 3, also arranged downstream of the horizontal vertical centring device 2, the second traction device 3 being able to travel along a second traction track 3.2; the second traction device 3 is provided with a cutting machine 3.1 for cutting the magnesium alloy extrusion material 7. In addition, the drawing system further includes a control device 5 and a cooling device 6 for cooling the extruded material, in the present embodiment, the control device 5 is a PLC, which is connected to the first drawing device 4, the second drawing device 3 and the cooling device 6, respectively, and the control device 5 controls the cooling speed and the cooling temperature of the cooling device 6 according to the detected temperature between the extruded material 7 of the magnesium alloy and the extruded material outlet and the first drawing device 4 and/or the second drawing device 3.
Wherein, the first traction device 4 and the second traction device 3 alternately clamp and grab the magnesium alloy extrusion material 7 and apply preset traction force to the magnesium alloy extrusion material.
As can be seen by further referring to fig. 2, the horizontal vertical centering device 2 includes horizontal centering rollers provided in pairs in the thickness direction V of the magnesium alloy extruded material 7, the axial direction of which coincides with the horizontal direction, and vertical centering rollers provided in pairs in the width direction H of the magnesium alloy extruded material 7, the axial direction of which coincides with the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, the horizontal centering roller and the vertical centering roller are cylindrical. Of course, in other embodiments, the horizontal and vertical centering rollers may take the form of an hourglass, V-shaped, or other shape as would occur to one skilled in the art.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional extruded section preparation method, the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material has the advantages that the straightness of the extruded material obtained by extrusion is greatly improved, and the strength of the material is also greatly improved.
In addition, the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material utilizes the waste heat of the magnesium extruded material to straighten the magnesium alloy extruded material, but not the traditional straightening equipment with the heating function, and the straightening does not need to be reheated, thereby saving energy.
In addition, the short-flow production process of the magnesium alloy extruded material realizes strain strengthening or strain induced aging strengthening on the extruded material by utilizing warm plastic deformation while drawing the extruded material, and improves the strength of the magnesium alloy extruded material while realizing straightening;
moreover, the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material adopts a solution scheme of integrating automatic on-line centering clamping and conveying and double traction for realizing traction and straightening, and compared with the traditional extrusion method, the short-flow production process for the magnesium alloy extruded material has the advantages that the number of equipment and the number of process steps are reduced, the short-flow efficient preparation is realized, and the product cost is reduced.
It should be noted that the prior art in the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples given in the present application, and all the prior art which is not inconsistent with the technical scheme of the present invention, including but not limited to the prior patent documents, the prior publications and the like, can be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the combination of the features in the present application is not limited to the combination described in the claims of the present application or the combination described in the embodiments, and all the features described in the present application may be freely combined or combined in any manner unless contradictory to each other.
It should also be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and similar changes or modifications can be easily made by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention and shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A short-flow production process of a magnesium alloy extruded material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preheating the extrusion blank and then extruding;
centering the extruded material after extrusion, and carrying out primary online cooling;
applying a traction force to the extruded material with the temperature of 50-350 ℃ to carry out on-line traction and warm drawing so as to enable the extruded material to generate 0.2-10% of plastic strain;
the extrudate was cut and cooled a second time to room temperature.
2. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrudate according to claim 1, wherein the extrudate is preheated to a temperature of 250 to 480 ℃.
3. The process for the short-run production of a magnesium alloy extruded material according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion is carried out at an output speed of 0.5 to 100 m/min.
4. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrudate according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrudate is controlled to 150 to 350 ℃ by the first in-line cooling.
5. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extruded material according to claim 1, wherein the first on-line cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 1 to 200 ℃/s.
6. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrudate according to claim 1, wherein the extrudate is subjected to in-line drawing and warm drawing by applying a drawing force so as to generate a plastic strain of 0.5 to 6%.
7. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrusion material according to claim 1, wherein the drawing force is 100 to 1000N.
8. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrusion material according to claim 1, wherein, in the second cooling: if the temperature of the extruded material is lower than 150 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature; if the temperature of the extruded material is higher than 150 ℃, cooling to room temperature at a cooling speed of 1-200 ℃/min.
9. The short-run production process of a magnesium alloy extrusion material according to claim 1, wherein the content of Mg element in the magnesium alloy extrusion material is 75 wt% or more.
10. The short-run process for producing magnesium alloy extrudate according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein a traction system is used to center and apply traction to the extrudate, the traction system being located downstream of the extruder, the traction system comprising:
the horizontal vertical centering device is arranged beside the outlet end of the extruding machine and used for centering the extruded material output by the outlet end of the extruding machine;
the first traction device is arranged at the downstream of the horizontal vertical centering device and can walk along a first traction track;
the second traction device is arranged at the downstream of the horizontal vertical centering device and can walk along a second traction track; a cutting machine for cutting off the extruded material is arranged on the second traction device;
the control device is connected with the first traction device and the second traction device respectively;
wherein the first traction device and the second traction device alternately clamp and grab the extruded material and apply traction to the extruded material.
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