CN111215052A - Preparation of palladium monatomic catalyst and application of palladium monatomic catalyst in oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene - Google Patents
Preparation of palladium monatomic catalyst and application of palladium monatomic catalyst in oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a palladium monatomic catalyst and application thereof in oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene. The characterization result shows that the palladium element in the catalyst exists in the form of monoatomic palladium. And the catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability in the oxidation reaction of the aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene. The preparation method of the catalyst provided by the invention is simple and feasible, and the catalyst is suitable for preparing aromatic ketone compounds, so that the utilization rate of palladium is improved to a great extent, the cost of the catalyst is reduced, and the commercialization process of the monatomic catalyst can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation of a palladium monatomic catalyst and application of the palladium monatomic catalyst in oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene, in particular to a monatomic catalyst which takes manganese dioxide as a carrier and takes metal palladium as an active component and converts aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene into an aromatic ketone compound in a high selectivity way under the solvent-free condition.
Background
The aromatic hydrocarbon compound is a large amount of chemical basic raw materials which can be obtained by simply processing stone energy sources such as petroleum, coal and the like, and is used for producing various functional chemicals such as plastics, medicines, dyes, oil products and the like. The petrochemical industry belongs to very important basic prop industry in the world industrial economy, and in China, the petrochemical industry accounts for about 20 percent of the total amount of industrial economy and has great influence on national economy. In the conversion process of various aromatic hydrocarbons, selective catalytic oxidation plays an extremely important role in the chemical industry, and is one of important means for increasing the economic value of petroleum resources, namely, the hydrocarbon is enabled to generate corresponding oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, acid, ester, phenol, ether, alkyl peroxide, epoxide and the like through the oxidation functionalization of C-H bonds. In catalytic conversion of aromatic hydrocarbons, the oxidation sites on the aromatic hydrocarbon molecule can be divided into three categories: methyl (CH)3) Methylene (CH)2) And methine (CH). The catalyst is specially used for catalyzing the oxidation of methylene on aromatic hydrocarbon molecules.
Taking acetophenone as an example of an oxidation product of ethylbenzene, acetophenone belongs to fine chemical products, is used for preparing soaps and cigarettes, can also be used for preparing solvents of cellulose ether, cellulose ester, resin and the like, plasticizers of plastics and is also used for synthesizing medical intermediates. At present, two main ways for the industrial production of acetophenone are available, one is Friedel-Crafts reaction production process of acetic anhydride and benzene, and the disadvantage is associated with a large amount of acidic wastewater. The other is an industrial production route for producing methyl ethyl ketone and phenol by-product acetophenone by an isobutylbenzene method, the process is complex, and the yield of the acetophenone is limited by the market sales of the methyl ethyl ketone. Therefore, the development of a catalyst which can utilize common cheap oxygen to catalyze ethylbenzene or other aromatic hydrocarbons to oxidize methylene to directly and efficiently synthesize acetophenone or corresponding aromatic ketone is undoubtedly an environmentally-friendly and economical production route.
Many patents and literature describe supported palladium-based nanoparticle catalysts for catalyzing the methylene oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Although supported catalysts can be conveniently recycled, the biggest common problem of such palladium-based nanoparticle catalysts is that: when the reaction occurs, active sites of the reaction are distributed on the surface of the nano-particles, and catalytic performance of each active site is different, so that side reactions occur, and often in order to inhibit the side reactions, the conversion rate of raw materials is selected to be reduced, so that the efficiency of the catalytic process is low, and the subsequent separation cost is increased.
If the nature of the palladium atoms at the catalytically active sites is to be made uniform, the palladium atoms may be highly dispersed on the surface of the carrier so that the palladium atoms are independent of each other in a monodispersed state, i.e., the palladium monatomic catalyst. At present, no report of the immobilized monatomic palladium catalyst in the catalytic oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon methylene to aromatic ketone by directly utilizing oxygen is reported in documents.
According to the actual market supply and demand situation from the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon methylene to the downstream product of aromatic ketone and the current situation of the development of a monatomic catalyst, a novel efficient supported monatomic palladium catalyst is developed, aromatic hydrocarbon is generated at high selectivity under the condition of using cheap and easily-obtained oxygen as an oxygen source and having no solvent, the production steps can be effectively simplified, the subsequent separation energy consumption is reduced, the emission of harmful wastes is reduced, and the method has very important environmental protection significance and economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a palladium monatomic catalyst and application of the palladium monatomic catalyst in an oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: manganese dioxide is used as a carrier, an active component is metal palladium, and the content of the palladium is 0.05-7 wt% of the total mass of the catalyst.
The process for preparing the palladium monatomic catalyst is as follows:
1) after the carrier is ball-milled for 2 hours in a ball mill, dispersing the carrier in an aqueous solution, and fully stirring the carrier at the concentration of 100-0.5g/L for 10-120 minutes;
2) and dropwise adding a palladium metal precursor aqueous solution into the dispersion liquid, and fully stirring to ensure that the metal precursor is impregnated and adsorbed on the carrier. The concentration of the metal precursor aqueous solution is 1-10-4mgPd/mL, the mass ratio of the carrier to the metal precursor is 20000-50:1, the stirring temperature is 70-95 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-720 minutes; after that, the mixture is transferred to a vacuum drying oven for treatment for 1 to 5 hours at the temperature of 100 to 150 ℃,
3) drying the catalyst at 25-100 ℃ for 1-24 hours, and roasting at 200-700 ℃ for 10-400 minutes in air atmosphere;
the Pd metal precursor is one or more than two of palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium acetylacetonate and palladium acetate;
the crystal form of the carrier manganese dioxide is one or more than two of α type, beta type, gamma type, delta type and lambda type, and the α type is preferred.
The activity test method for the catalyst of the invention is as follows: a closed kettle type reactor is adopted, oxygen is taken as an oxygen source under the condition of no solvent, and the reaction of oxidizing the aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene into the corresponding ketone is carried out.
The methylene-containing aromatic hydrocarbon is one or more of ethylbenzene, methyl ethyl benzene, diethylbenzene, triethylbenzene, ethyl chlorobenzene, ethyl bromobenzene, propylbenzene and diphenylmethane.
The oxygen pressure is 0.5-3MPa, and the oxygen pressure is preferably 0.5-3 MPa; the reaction temperature is 60-200 ℃, and the reaction temperature is preferably 80-150 ℃; the reaction time is 2-100h, and the preferable reaction time is 8-25 h; the ratio of the molar amount of palladium to the molar amount of aromatic compound in the catalyst was 10-6-10-2:1。
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel palladium monatomic catalyst, which is environment-friendly and simple and convenient to operate, wherein palladium is dispersed on a carrier at an atomic level, the catalyst has higher activity on the oxidation reaction of aromatic side chain methylene, the catalyst can catalyze the methylene C-H bond of the aromatic side chain under the condition of taking oxygen as an oxygen source and no solvent, aromatic ketone can still be generated with high selectivity under the condition of high conversion rate, and the byproduct is almost only water.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. under the condition of not adding any protective agent, the palladium metal atoms are uniformly dispersed on the carrier;
2. the catalyst prepared by the method has uniform activity of palladium metal atoms at the active center, and the selectivity in the catalytic process is obviously higher than that of a palladium nanoparticle catalyst;
3. oxygen is used as an oxygen source in the reaction, so that the reaction is cheap and easy to obtain;
4. the reaction by-product is only water, and is environment-friendly.
5. The reaction adopts a solvent-free condition, can achieve a conversion rate of 70-95% while maintaining high selectivity, and reduces the subsequent separation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Pd/MnO prepared according to example 12Schematic diagram of catalyst HAADF-STEM; from the HAADF-STEM schematic diagram, the Pd/MnO prepared according to the method of example 12The Pd in the catalyst is dispersed in a monoatomic form.
FIG. 2Pd/MnO2A schematic diagram of a single-atom catalyst XRD characterization result; Pd/MnO prepared according to example 12The result of XRD characterization of the monatomic catalyst shows that MnO is supported2is α -MnO2。
FIG. 3A palladium monatomic catalyst cycle stability experiment.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are set forth, but the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited by these examples. Meanwhile, the embodiments only give some conditions for achieving the purpose, but do not mean that the conditions must be satisfied for achieving the purpose.
Example 1 preparation of palladium monatomic catalyst (0.7% by weight):
α -MnO used2Ball milling the carrier for 2 hours, weighing 1.00g, dispersing in 3ml of ultrapure water, stirring at room temperature for 1min, and adding in one stepThen, 0.012mL of 59.5mg Pd/mL palladium precursor solution (palladium chloride) was added, and after stirring and evaporation to dryness in a water bath at 95 ℃, heating was continued for 0.5 hour, after which, the mixture was transferred to a vacuum drying oven for treatment at 150 ℃ for 2 hours. After the air-drying and baking treatment was completed, the resultant was dried at 80 ℃ for 12 hours and then transferred to a muffle furnace to be baked at 600 ℃ for 5 hours in an air atmosphere. A palladium monatomic catalyst was obtained with a loading of 0.7 wt%. The obtained catalyst is MnO2A supported palladium monatomic catalyst.
FIG. 1 is Pd/MnO prepared according to example 12Schematic of HAADF-STEM catalyst, from which is apparent that Pd/MnO prepared according to example 12The Pd in the catalyst is dispersed in a monoatomic form.
FIG. 2 shows Pd/MnO2A schematic representation of the results of XRD characterization of the monatomic catalyst, Pd/MnO prepared according to the method of example 12The result of XRD characterization of the monatomic catalyst shows that MnO is supported2is α -MnO2。
Comparative example 1 preparation of palladium nanocatalyst (0.7 wt%):
taking 0.012mL of 59.5mgPd/mL palladium precursor solution (palladium chloride), adding 15mL of ultrapure water, adding 0.2mL of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2%, stirring for 1min at room temperature, and adding 0.1mmol/mL NaBH in one step4And (3) continuously stirring the aqueous solution for 0.5min at room temperature for 1.3mL to obtain the palladium nano hydrosol.
MnO used2Ball-milling the carrier for 2h, weighing 1.00g, dispersing in 3ml of ultrapure water, stirring at room temperature for 1min, adding all the palladium nano hydrosol at one time, stirring in a water bath at 95 ℃ and evaporating to dryness, and then continuously heating for 0.5 h. Transferring to a muffle furnace to roast at 600 ℃ for 5h in air atmosphere. A palladium monatomic catalyst was obtained with a loading of 0.7 wt%. The obtained catalyst is MnO2A supported palladium nanocatalyst.
Palladium monatomic catalyst and palladium nano-catalyst catalytic performance test
Selecting an intermittent reaction kettle, using ethylbenzene as a reaction raw material (2ml), and performing O treatment at 120 ℃ and 2MPa210mg of catalyst, reaction time is 20 hours, after the reaction is stopped, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, liquid product and catalyst are centrifugally separated, and the liquid productThe material was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results are detailed in Table 1 below
Note: comparative examples 1-2 the reaction time was 8 h.
As can be seen from Table 1, when the reaction time is 20h, the selectivity and yield of the Pd nano-catalyst to acetophenone are significantly lower than those of the Pd monatomic catalyst. At similar conversions (all around 50%), the selectivity of Pd nanocatalyst for acetophenone was still significantly lower than Pd single atom catalyst.
Examples 2-9 comparison of catalytic Properties of different methylene-containing aromatic Compounds
Using 0.7 wt% Pd/MnO2The monatomic catalyst catalyzes the methylene oxidation of different raw material aromatic hydrocarbons to the corresponding ketone product, and the reaction results are detailed in the following table 2
From table 2, it can be known that the palladium monatomic catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the oxidation reaction of different methylene-containing aromatic compounds.
Example 10 catalyst cycling stability test
The stability of the palladium monatomic catalyst related to the invention is considered, and the stability is 2MPa O at 120 DEG C2、10mg 0.7wt％Pd/MnO2Under the reaction condition of a monatomic catalyst and 20h of reaction time, ethylbenzene is taken as a substrate (2ml), the catalyst is recycled after each reaction is finished, and a reaction data histogram 3 is as follows: FIG. 3 is a palladium monatomic catalyst cycle stability experiment;
as can be seen from FIG. 3, the palladium monatomic catalyst of the present invention has stable catalytic performance, and good selectivity and activity in 5-cycle reactions of catalyzing the oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone.
Claims (8)
1. A palladium monatomic catalyst characterized by: the catalyst takes manganese dioxide as a carrier, an active component is metallic palladium, and the content of the palladium is 0.05-7 wt% (preferably 0.7 wt%) of the total mass of the catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) after the carrier is ball-milled for 0.5 to 5 hours in a ball mill, dispersing the carrier in an aqueous solution, and fully stirring to obtain a dispersion liquid with the concentration of 100 to 0.5g/L and the stirring time of 10 to 30 minutes;
2) dropwise adding a palladium metal precursor aqueous solution into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step 1), and fully stirring to ensure that the metal precursor is impregnated and adsorbed on the carrier; the concentration of the metal precursor aqueous solution is 1-10-4mg Pd/mL, the stirring temperature is 70-95 ℃, the stirring time is 5-30 minutes, and then the mixture is transferred to a vacuum drying oven for processing for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ to obtain a catalyst;
3) drying the catalyst obtained in the step 2) at the temperature of 25-100 ℃ for 8-24 hours, and roasting the catalyst for 100-400 minutes at the temperature of 200-700 ℃ in air atmosphere.
3. The preparation of the palladium monatomic catalyst according to claim 2, wherein:
the Pd metal precursor is one or more than two of palladium chloride, palladium nitrate, palladium acetylacetonate and palladium acetate;
the crystal form of the carrier manganese dioxide is one or more than two of α type, beta type, gamma type, delta type and lambda type, and the α type is preferred.
4. Use of a palladium monatomic catalyst according to claim 1 in oxidation reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons containing methylene groups.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the palladium monatomic catalyst is used for the oxidation reaction of aromatic hydrocarbon containing methylene, and is carried out by adopting a closed kettle type reactor and taking oxygen as an oxygen source under the condition of no solvent.
6. Use according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the methylene-containing aromatic hydrocarbon is one or more than two of ethylbenzene, methyl ethyl benzene, diethylbenzene, triethylbenzene, ethyl chlorobenzene, ethyl bromobenzene, propylbenzene and diphenylmethane.
7. Use according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the oxygen pressure is 0.5-3MPa, the reaction temperature is 60-200 ℃, the reaction time is 2-100h, and the ratio of the molar weight of the palladium in the catalyst to the molar weight of the aromatic compound is 10-6-10-2:1。
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the oxygen pressure is preferably 0.5-3MPa, the reaction temperature is preferably 80-150 ℃, and the reaction time is preferably 8-25 h.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112156779A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Manganese oxide-loaded noble metal monoatomic VOC oxidation catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112156778A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Manganese oxide-loaded noble metal monoatomic formaldehyde oxidation catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113750993A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Palladium monoatomic catalyst, preparation method thereof and application thereof in Suzuki coupling reaction |
| CN115814789A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-21 | 安徽师范大学 | Coated Pd-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for treating hexavalent chromium in water body |
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| CN112156779A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Manganese oxide-loaded noble metal monoatomic VOC oxidation catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN115814789A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-21 | 安徽师范大学 | Coated Pd-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for treating hexavalent chromium in water body |
| CN115814789B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-03-29 | 安徽师范大学 | Coated Pd-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and method for treating hexavalent chromium in water body |
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