CN111214325A

CN111214325A - Nondestructive internal limiting membrane forceps

Info

Publication number: CN111214325A
Application number: CN202010168186.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裘项旭; 叶青芳; 其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Original assignee: Xiang Xiangfeng
Current assignee: THE FIRST PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL OF YONGKANG
Priority date: 2020-02-25
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-11
Also published as: CN111214325B

Abstract

The invention discloses intraocular forceps for removing an anterior retinal membrane or an inner limiting membrane, which comprises: the utility model provides a sliding part, including the sliding part, the sliding part is fixed structure, the sliding part is that the sliding part is micro-scale intraocular forceps, and is right the centre gripping joint of sliding part is exerted pressure and is relaxed and can accomplish alone and grab and put, fixed structure lower part cavity, the sliding part activity sets up in fixed structure's lower part cavity, the sliding part upper end with be provided with elastic construction between the fixed structure, the sliding part lower end is mobile, clamping structure applys the sliding part centre gripping joint and helps the sliding part to accomplish to grab and press from both sides and to the sliding part nos to the up-and-down resolution power production of sliding part vertically pressure, does not influence the stability of retina pressure. Through the mode, the forceps can be retracted after the pressure of the forceps tip end contacting with the retina exceeds the set safe pressure, so that the pressure contacting with the retina is kept stable, the operation is safe, and the retina is not damaged.

Description

Nondestructive internal limiting membrane forceps

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps.

Background

At present, the inner limiting membrane is torn off mainly by 1, and the small valve is brushed by the inner limiting membrane and then torn off by the intraocular forceps; 2. the inner limiting membrane forceps are directly used for grabbing and tearing off. When the inner limiting membrane is directly grabbed and torn at the grabbing position, the small valve is torn when the inner limiting membrane is grabbed by the light contact which is not contacted, the nerve fibers are grabbed too much, the retina is injured and even the hole is cracked, and the inner limiting membrane is too little, so that the inner limiting membrane cannot be torn, and the requirement on an operator is extremely high. The inner limiting membrane is easily brushed to form a small valve, but the brushed inner limiting membrane small valve is mostly flatly pasted to the return retina, and the retina is easily damaged when the inner limiting membrane small valve flatly pasted to the return retina is grabbed.

Because the head end of the forceps is made of hard material and the retina tissue is fragile, the user can puncture the retina when advancing 0.2mm in operation, the human hand cannot feel that the pressure contacting the retina is not too large, and the user also needs to be kept alert at any time to prepare the device to retract at any time so as to prevent the retina from being damaged by unexpected movement of eyeballs. The visual judgment can be carried out only by looking at the influence on the retina when the hand is grabbed, the grabbing is not proper, but the visual judgment has more damages to the tissues of the retina and the retina is the premise of visual quality, so that the pressure on doctors is great, and the possibility of tension and even hand trembling is caused; meanwhile, general anesthesia is rarely needed in the prior ophthalmic surgery, so that the possibility of eyeball movement is very high when the operation is performed for membrane stripping after local anesthesia; all factors contribute to the fact that the learning curve for membrane removal to be trained to be skilled and successful by a physician is too long, and each physician may have a lot of patients before growth be a sacrifice of the forceps, become the next lot of stepping stones to enjoy the results of the physician after growth, or have the path for the physician to grow blocked by failed procedures, all of which are unfortunate to the patient. There is therefore a need to reduce these unfortunate occurrences, making the highly difficult surgery a routine and simple one that can be performed by humans.

The force damaging the retina is too small for the people to perceive; if the distance of 0.1mm is too small (the retina is damaged more), it may not be difficult to visually perceive the eye at 10 times magnification, but it is difficult to stably and smoothly perform various operations with the hand stabilized within 0.1mm, and there are various psychological stresses such as prevention of sudden movements of the eyeball, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides non-destructive inner limiting membrane forceps, which can solve the technical problems that the existing inner limiting membrane forceps are easy to damage retina, cannot avoid eyeball movement and the damage to the retina caused by aggravation of hand trembling of doctors, and are difficult to safely strip the inner limiting membrane.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: provided is atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps, comprising: the grasping part comprises a grasping structure and a fixed structure, the sliding part is a miniature intraocular forceps, the grasping joint of the sliding part can be stressed and released to independently complete grasping and releasing, the lower part of the fixed structure is hollow, the sliding part is movably arranged in the hollow lower part of the fixed structure, an elastic structure is arranged between the upper end of the sliding part and the fixed structure, and the lower end of the sliding part is movable; the elastic structure is constructed to help the sliding part to have a retraction function in the grabbing and releasing process so as to ensure the stable pressure contacting with the retina without damaging the retina; the clamping structure is configured to apply pressure to the slide clamping knuckle to assist the slide in completing the grip.

Furthermore, an inner limiting membrane incision knife is arranged at the end of the forceps blade head.

Further, the elastic structure is a constant force spring.

Furthermore, the total force of the gravity of the sliding part and the elastic force of the constant force spring is positioned between the pressure at which the inner limiting membrane incision knife at the end of the forceps blade can cut into the inner limiting membrane by more than half of the thickness and the pressure at which the end of the forceps blade damages the retina.

Further, the elastic structure is a tension spring (the gravity of the sliding part is larger than the pressure of injuring the retina);

the elastic structure is a compression spring (when the gravity of the sliding part is less than the pressure of more than half of the thickness of the inner boundary film cut-off knife at the head end of the forceps blade).

Further, the total weight of the sliding part and the initial elasticity of the elastic structure are the pressure at which the inner limiting membrane cutting knife at the end of the forceps blade can cut more than half of the thickness of the inner limiting membrane. The elastic structure is stressed, the elastic change amount is greater than or equal to 0.2mm from the pressure of cutting more than half of the thickness of the inner boundary film to the pressure of damaging the retina.

Furthermore, the clamping structure applies pressure perpendicular to the sliding direction to the clamping joint of the sliding part to assist the sliding part to complete clamping, the sliding part is not subjected to up-down decomposition force, and the stability of the sliding part on the pressure of the retina is not influenced.

Furthermore, a bearing is arranged on the clamping joint of the sliding part, and the sliding part rolls with the bearing between the sliding part and the sliding groove so as to reduce the friction force between the sliding part and the clamping part.

Further, the contact surface of the clamping joint of the sliding part and the sliding groove b is coated with low friction coefficient coating including but not limited to polytetrafluoroethylene and BAM.

Furthermore, the clamping contact surfaces of the forceps blade head ends are parallel in contact when clamped, and the clamping contact surfaces are provided with ridges with two staggered surfaces so as to increase the gripping force.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the head end of the nondestructive internal limiting membrane forceps can retract after the head end is contacted with the retina and exceeds a certain pressure, so that the pressure is kept stable, the pressure contacted with the retina is ensured to be below the pressure causing damage to the retina, the operation is safe, and the retina cannot be damaged. Therefore, the difficulty of stably and smoothly completing various film stripping actions of the handle is greatly reduced (the clamping and stripping actions completed in a plane sample space with the upper and lower movement of a hand of 0.1mm are changed into the operation range with the thickness of 2mm, 3mm or even larger). The retraction amount without damaging retina can be easily sensed, the stability requirement is greatly reduced, and the inner limiting membrane peeling operation is changed into a non-difficult operation. The retina injury caused by the shaking hands caused by the stress of the beginner or the unexpected movement of the eyeball of the patient can be completely avoided. In addition, the operation can be performed without carelessness and repeated useless careful injury prevention actions, so that a large amount of operation time is reduced, and the retinal light injury caused by long-time illumination is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of embodiment 1 of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of embodiment 2 of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of embodiment 2 of the invention with the grip plate removed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of embodiment 3 of the invention with the grip plate removed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the fixing structure of the atraumatic inner limiting membrane forceps, and components such as a sliding frame, a needle core, forceps blades and the like;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a construction mode of the movable joint a of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps according to the invention;

the parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. a grip portion; 2. a clamping structure; 3. a fixed structure; 4. a sliding part; 5. an elastic structure;

201. a connecting spring b; 202. a connecting spring c; 21. a grip plate; 22. a clamping plate; 221. a sliding groove b;

31. a vertical pressure limiting hole; 32. a sliding groove a; 33. fixing a column; 331. a pressure limiting column;

411. a carriage; 4111 connecting plate a; 412. A needle core; 413. a tweezer leaf;

42. a clamping portion; 421. a connecting spring a; 422. a connecting plate b; 423. connecting columns; 424. sliding the needle tube; 4241. reinforcing the needle tube; 4242. a sliding post; 425. clamping the movable rod a; 426. a clamping movable rod b; 427. a movable joint a; 428. a movable joint b; 429. the joint is clamped.

Detailed Description

In the following description, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and for the purpose of facilitating understanding of structure and function thereof, some structures are not shown to scale so that advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined. Some description concepts in the embodiments are defined herein: the side of the atraumatic inner limiting membrane forceps close to the ground is the lower side or the head during operation, namely the side close to the end of the forceps blade or the side contacting with the retina during operation; the other side is "up", or "tail". The side close to the geometric center line is the inner side, and the side far away from the geometric center line is the outer side. The positive and negative explanation of the elasticity and gravity of the elastic structure is "+" downwards and "-" upwards.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, the simplified structure of the atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps according to the embodiments of the present invention includes a holding portion 1 and a sliding portion 4, where the holding portion 1 includes a clamping structure 2 and a fixing structure 3, the fixing structure 3 is hollow and has a frame-like structure as shown in fig. 1, fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5, the sliding portion 4 is movably disposed in the hollow of the fixing structure 3, an elastic structure 5 is fixedly disposed between an upper end of the sliding portion 4 and the fixing structure 3, a lower end of the sliding portion 4 is movable, and an upper end of the sliding portion 4 is limited by the elastic structure 5; the clamping structure 2 applies pressure perpendicular to the sliding direction to the clamping joint 429 of the sliding part 4 to assist the sliding part 4 to complete clamping and does not influence the sliding part 4 to slide up and down.

The sliding part 4 comprises a sliding frame 411, a stylet 412, a forceps blade 413 and a clamping part 42, and the geometrical center lines of the sliding frame, the stylet, the forceps blade 413 and the clamping part 42 are the same. The elastic structure 5, the sliding frame 411, the stylet 412 and the forceps blades 413 are connected in sequence into a whole. The clamping portion 42 includes: a connecting spring a421, a clamping movable rod a425, a clamping movable rod b426, a movable joint a427, a movable joint b428, a clamping joint 429, a connecting plate b422, a connecting column 423 and a sliding needle tube 424. A connecting column 423 is connected below the connecting plate b422, the connecting column 423 is positioned on two sides of the sliding frame 411, and a sliding needle tube 424 is fixed below the connecting column 423, so that the structure is integrated. The distance between the connection part of the connecting column 423 and the sliding needle tube 424 and the connecting plate b422 is more than or equal to 2mm, so that the sliding needle tube 424 can be pushed to complete the clamping action of the forceps blades 413. The clamping movable rods a425 and the clamping movable rods b426 are positioned on a cross plane vertical to the plane of the sliding frame 411, the clamping movable rods are equal in length and are symmetrically installed and connected in a diamond shape, the center of the upper portion of the sliding frame 411 is enlarged to form a connecting plate a4111, the upper ends of the clamping movable rods a425 are connected with the connecting plate a4111 to form a movable joint a427, the lower ends of the clamping movable rods b426 are connected with a connecting plate b422 to form a movable joint b428, and the lower ends of the clamping movable rods a425 are connected with the upper ends of the clamping movable rods b426 to form a movable joint which is a clamping. A connecting spring a421 is fixedly arranged between the connecting plate a4111 and the connecting plate b422, and is used for retraction and reset after the clamping rod pushes the connecting plate b422, the connecting column 423 and the sliding needle tube 424 to form an integral structure. The sliding frame 411 does not affect the sliding of the connecting plate b422, the connecting column 423 and the sliding needle tube 424 when the connecting spring a421 extends and contracts. When the sliding needle tube 424 moves, the included angle between the clamping movable rod a425 and the clamping movable rod b426 is increased and the length is increased when the clamping joint 429 presses, the connecting plate b422, the connecting column 423 and the sliding needle tube 424 are pushed to move downwards, the sliding needle tube 424 moves towards the head end direction of the forceps blades 413, the tube wall at the head end of the sliding needle tube 424 presses the forceps blades 413 to generate elastic deformation to clamp the forceps blades 413, when the clamping joint 429 releases, the clamping joint moves upwards under the contraction traction force of the connecting spring a421, and the forceps blades 413 are opened due to the elastic deformation. As described above, the sliding part 4 is a miniaturized intraocular forceps, and grasping and releasing can be completed independently by pressing and releasing the clamping joint 429, and the "grasping" operation is completed by sliding the needle tube 424 downward to push the forceps blades 413 closed, and the "releasing" operation is released by the elastic deformation of the forceps blades 413 returning to the original state and being opened.

The lower end of the needle core 412 is extended downward to form two opened forceps blades 413, and is pushed and pressed by the sliding needle tube 424 downward, so that elastic deformation can be generated, the head ends of the two forceps blades 413 are contacted with each other, the clamping contact surfaces of the two forceps blades are parallel when in contact, and the forceps blades 413 above the clamping contact surfaces of the two forceps blades 413 which are contacted with each other can be reduced and thinned, so that the rigidity is weakened, the required clamping pressure is reduced (meanwhile, the friction force between the sliding part 4 and the sliding groove b221 can also be reduced), and the clamping action is easier to complete. The sliding needle tube 424 moves upwards, and the two forceps blades 413 are elastically deformed and restored to be opened again. When the clamping plate 22 clamps and presses the clamping joint 429, the connecting plate b422 is pushed downwards, and the connecting plate b422 stretches the connecting spring a421 (this is the force for pulling the sliding needle tube 424 to retract and reset when the clamping plate 22 is released); the connecting plate b422 simultaneously pushes the connecting column 423 staggered with the lower part of the sliding frame 411, the connecting column 423 pushes the sliding needle tube 424 to slide downwards along the needle core 412, the needle core 412 is fixed on the sliding frame 411 (the lower end of the sliding frame 411), the upper end of the clamping part 42 is also fixed on the sliding frame 411 (the upper end of the sliding frame 411), the component connecting column 423 of the clamping part 42 avoids the sliding frame 411 to push the sliding needle tube 424 to slide downwards along the needle core 412, so that the opposite movement of the tweezer blades 413 and the sliding needle tube 424 can be generated, the opposite movement of the sliding needle tube 424 and the tweezer blades 413 can enable the head end of the sliding needle tube 424 to cause the opened tweezer blades 413 to be reduced to the size; when the clamping is released, the force of the elastic deformation of the forceps leaves 413 returning to the original shape and the pulling force of the connecting spring a421 can drive the sliding needle tube 424 and the forceps leaves 413 to move in opposite directions, and the two forceps leaves 413 are continuously clamped and closed without force, so that the elastic force of the elastic deformation returning to the original shape generated when the two forceps leaves 413 are clamped and closed enables the forceps leaves 413 to expand again; so that the pressing and releasing of the clamping part 42 can complete the closing and opening of the forceps blades 413, thereby completing the grasping and releasing. The clamping plate 22 is inserted into the vertical pressing direction limiting hole 31 at the side or above the fixed structure 3, so that the movement of the clamping plate 22 can only be perpendicular to the sliding frame plane, and the acting force direction is always kept perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding part 4 in the pressing and releasing process of the clamping joint 429, so that the upward and downward decomposition force is not generated on the sliding part 4, the pressure on the retina is not influenced, and the stability of the pressure on the retina is kept.

The clamping structure 2 comprises clamping plates 22, the clamping plates 22 are provided with sliding grooves b221, vertical pressing direction limiting holes 31 are formed in two side directions of the fixed structure 3, the direction of the vertical pressing direction limiting holes 31 is perpendicular to the plane of the sliding frame, the side directions of the two clamping plates 22 are respectively inserted into the vertical pressing direction limiting holes 31 in the two side directions of the fixed structure 3 (as shown in fig. 5), the clamping movable rod can only move in the direction perpendicular to the geometric center line in the plane of the clamping movable rod, the moving direction of the clamping plates 22 can only be perpendicular to the plane of the sliding frame, the direction of the clamping plates 22 for applying pressure to the clamping joint 429 is limited to be perpendicular to the geometric center line of the instrument in the process of pressure applying movement, and the pressure in the perpendicular. The vertical pressing direction limiting hole 31 may also be provided above the fixing structure 3 (as shown in fig. 3). The thumb and the forefinger of the operator respectively press the two clamping plates 22, the clamping plates 22 slide in the vertical pressing limiting holes 31, the clamping plates 22 keep vertical pressing on the clamping joints 429, the groove bottom planes of the sliding grooves b221 can always keep parallel to the plane of the sliding frame 411 in the process that the two clamping plates 22 move in opposite directions, so that the clamping part 42 is assisted to complete clamping, upward and downward decomposition force is not applied to the sliding part 4, and the pressure acting on the retina is kept stable. The friction force between the sliding part 4 and the sliding groove b221 influences the pressure on the retina, and when the sliding part is retracted upwards, the downward friction force on the sliding part 4 is generated and is transmitted to the retina, namely the pressure on the retina is increased; when sliding downward relative to the holding portion 42, a frictional force is generated upward against the sliding portion 4; if we need to prevent the reduction of the retraction protection mechanism, we need to prevent the increase of the downward friction force. The friction force depends on the pressure, the friction coefficient of the material and the roughness of the contact surface, so in order to reduce the influence of the friction force on the pressure stability of the retina, the friction coefficient of the material of the sliding part 4 and the sliding groove b221 is small, or a coating of a material with a low friction coefficient such as polytetrafluoroethylene or a BAM coating is added to the material, and the smoothness of the surface of the material is increased to reduce the friction force. Or at the same time, a bearing is provided at the holding joint 429 to reduce the frictional force with the slide groove b 221. The reduction of the clamping pressure can be started from the aspect of 3: 1. reducing the elastic force of the connection spring a 421; 2. reducing the elastic force (needing clamping pressure to resist) generated when the two forceps blades 413 are closed, or reducing the angle of the forceps blades 413 when the forceps blades 413 are opened so as to reduce the upward decomposition force (the force really needing clamping pressure to resist is the force in which the vertical decomposition force of the sliding needle tube 424 is offset by the tube wall of the sliding needle tube 424, and the magnitude of the applied clamping pressure is not influenced); 3. reducing the friction between the sliding needle 424 and the forceps blades 413.

Because the inner limiting membrane has larger surface tension, when the surfaces of the forceps blades 413 are smooth and press the retina to clamp, the inner limiting membrane slides away with small pressure and is difficult to clamp, and retinal tissues which should not be damaged can be clamped by large pressure, even retinal perforation and the like can be caused. Therefore, in order to reduce retinal damage and the ease of grasping and peeling the inner limiting membrane, the tip of the forceps blade 413 is added with a sharp structure that penetrates the inner limiting membrane to reduce damage to the retina and increase the ease with which the inner limiting membrane is scraped and peeled. The inner limiting membrane incision knife is arranged at the head end of the forceps blade 413, is located at the inner side edge of one head end of the forceps blade 413, is 2-3 micrometers higher than the head end of the forceps blade, is sharp in cutting edge and is easy to cut into the inner limiting membrane, the valve head end is cut by the inner side edge incision knife, the inner limiting membrane is scraped and peeled, and the peeling process is easier. The surface of the head end of the other forceps blade 413 is smooth, the integrity of the inner limiting membrane is kept, and the stripped inner limiting membrane is better protected for a patient needing to be covered by the inner limiting membrane. Meanwhile, the forceps leaves 413 on the side with the incision knife are marked, and the marks can be different colors, or characters are directly engraved on the forceps leaves 413, so that an operator can easily distinguish which forceps leaves 413 are used for incising the inner limiting membrane.

In the design process for reducing the friction force between the clamping joint 429 of the sliding part 4 and the sliding groove b221 of the clamping structure 2, the clamping pressure when the two tweezer blades 413 are clamped is not large enough, which may result in insufficient film stripping tension. The ridged object is positioned on the clamping contact surface and is vertical to the geometric center line of the instrument in the horizontal direction, the clamping contact surfaces at the head ends of the forceps blades are parallel and contacted when clamped, the ridged objects or the ridges arranged on the clamping contact surfaces are mutually staggered and complemented when the two surfaces are contacted, and the first ridged protrusion at the head end is positioned on the forceps blade with the inner limiting membrane cutting knife, so that the first ridged protrusion has a certain inner limiting membrane scraping and stripping effect.

The elastic structure 5 is a constant force spring, the sliding needle tube 424 and the forceps leaves 413 extend into the eye, when the forceps leaves 413 do not contact the retina, the elastic force of the elastic structure 5 is smaller than the gravity of the sliding part 4, so the constant force spring is stretched to the bottom; when the pressure applied to the retina is opposite to the force applied to the head ends of the forceps blades 413 and the pulling force of the spring just offsets the gravity of the sliding part 4, the continuous downward movement of the gripping part 1 causes the sum of the upward forces to exceed the gravity of the downward sliding part 4, and the constant force spring contracts to generate the relative sliding between the gripping part 1 and the sliding part 4, namely the upward movement of the sliding part 4 relative to the gripping part 1, while the positional relationship between the sliding part 4 and the retina is kept unchanged, and the pressure applied to the retina is kept stable. This is the operation process and the constant force spring operation mechanism when the gravity of the sliding part 4 is larger than the pressure of the forceps blades 413 to damage the retina. Therefore, the elastic force of the constant force spring is designed as follows: the total force of the gravity of the sliding part and the elastic force of the constant force spring is positioned between the pressure which can cut the inner limiting membrane and the pressure which can damage the retina by the head end of the forceps leaves 413. If the gravity of the sliding part 4 is larger than the pressure of the forceps leaves 413 damaging the retina, the elastic force of the constant force spring is "-", i.e. the constant force spring is pulled upwards (the stretching direction of the constant force spring is upwards). If the gravity of the sliding part 4 is smaller than the pressure of the inner limiting membrane cutting knife which can cut into the inner limiting membrane, the elastic force of the constant force spring is "+", namely the downward pressure (only the stretching direction of the constant force spring is downward, and then a connecting column is arranged at the stretching end of the sliding part 4 and the constant force spring). In short, the protection mechanism is that when the pressure contacting with the retina is gradually increased and the design pressure requirement is reached, the pressure is slightly increased, the constant force spring is contracted, the retina pressure is kept stable, and then the downward movement of the holding part 1 only causes the retraction of the sliding part 4 relative to the holding part 1, and the sliding part 4 does not move towards the retina.

The elastic structure 5 is a tension or compression spring, when the elastic structure is not contacted with the retina, the elastic structure 5 is stretched due to the gravity of the sliding part 4 to generate upward tension which is balanced with the gravity of the sliding part 4, the head end of the sliding part 4 is suspended by the elastic structure 5 and gradually extends into the eye, and no pressure is generated when the head end is just contacted with the retina; the holding part 1 moves downwards continuously, the upper end of the elastic structure 5 moves downwards gradually, the elastic structure 5 contracts elastically, the tension is reduced, the offsetting of the gravity of the sliding part 4 is reduced, so that part of the gravity of the sliding part 4 presses the retina, the head end is in the equilibrium state of force again due to the reverse acting force of the retina, the position of the head end is not obviously changed, so that the sliding part 4 slides relative to the holding part 1, that is, when the sliding portion 4 moves upward relative to the grip portion 1 and the elastic structure 5 is shortened to a certain extent, the pressure applied to the retina is sufficient for the inner limiting membrane cutter provided at the tip end of the forceps blades 413 to cut into the inner limiting membrane (it is not necessary to cut through the entire layer, and naturally, the deeper the inner limiting membrane is cut into, the easier the inner limiting membrane is scraped and peeled by the forceps blades 413, but if the inner limiting membrane is cut into the retinal nerve fiber layer beyond the depth, the retinal damage of different degrees is caused), and then the inner limiting membrane can be peeled. At this time, when the grip portion 1 continues to move downward, the spring continues to be shortened, the pulling force continues to be reduced, the offset of the gravity of the sliding portion 4 is further reduced, the downward pressure on the retina continues to increase, and the retina injury occurs when the pressure is greater than the pressure of the head ends of the forceps blades 413 damaging the retina, so in order to embody the superiority of the instrument, the spring needs to be shortened by more than 0.2mm, even by a range which is easier to operate, such as 2mm, 3mm and 5mm, from the pressure capable of cutting into the inner limiting membrane to the pressure capable of damaging the retina. If the gravity of the sliding part 4 is larger than the pressure of the forceps leaves 413 damaging the retina, the elastic structure 5 is an extension spring, and the elastic force is "-", i.e. the upward pulling force. If the gravity of the sliding part 4 is smaller than the pressure that the inner limiting membrane cutting knife can cut into the inner limiting membrane, the elastic structure 5 is a compression spring, and the elastic force is "-", namely, the downward pressure. If the gravity of the sliding part 4 is smaller than the pressure that the inner limiting membrane incision knife can cut into the inner limiting membrane, if the tension spring is still used at the moment, when the pressure that the inner limiting membrane incision knife can cut into the inner limiting membrane is reached, the tension spring is already retracted to a non-tension state, any slight downward movement of the holding part 1 is immediately transmitted to the retina, and the beneficial effect of the retraction protection of the device design cannot be reflected.

The constant force spring has the advantages that the retina can not be damaged in the design safety range, the pressure of the contact retina is stable, the tension or compression spring has the advantages that the pressure can be adjusted in a certain range, and the inner limiting membrane can be cut into the inner limiting membrane to complete the membrane stripping operation by a method of increasing the pressure when the inner limiting membrane cutter is used and becomes blunt to a certain extent. The resilient structure 5 can be eliminated if the weight of the sliding part 4 is between the pressure at which the inner limiting membrane incision knife can cut into the inner limiting membrane and the pressure at which the forceps blades 413 damage the retina. The elastic structure 5 can be eliminated if the gravity of the sliding part 4 is less than the pressure that the inner limiting membrane incision knife can cut into the inner limiting membrane, and the problem can be solved by adjusting the friction force between the sliding part 4 and the sliding groove b221 (changing the elastic force of the connecting spring a421, the elastic force of the forceps blades 413, the friction coefficient of the material and the smoothness of the surface of the material).

Example 2:

referring to fig. 2 and 3, in embodiment 2, the same reference numerals are given to the same structures as those in embodiment 1, and the same descriptions are omitted, and embodiment 2 mainly enhances the stability and durability of the device, increases the mobility and the hand feeling during clamping, and makes the surgical operation less fatigued by the better human biological characteristics during holding.

The movable joints a427 and b428 are arranged to make the holding movable rod move only on the cross plane perpendicular to the sliding frame 411 (as shown in fig. 6), and the sliding groove b221 arranged on the holding plate 22 also has the same function, and the stability under the combined action is better.

The upper end of the sliding needle tube 424 is externally provided with a reinforced needle tube 4241, the upper end of the reinforced needle tube 4241 is externally provided with a sliding column 4242, the sliding column 4242 is hollow, the hollow diameter is the outer diameter of the reinforced needle tube 4241, the sliding column 4242 and the sliding needle tube 424 are tightly connected and fixed and cannot slide mutually, and the reinforced needle tube 4241 is designed for increasing the rigidity of fine instruments. The sliding column 4242 and the fixed column 33 in the next stage are designed for stability.

The lower sections of the inner walls at two sides of the hollow part of the fixed structure 3 are respectively provided with a sliding groove a32, the bottom of the hollow part is provided with a fixed column 33 connected and fixed with the fixed structure 3, the fixed column 33 is hollow to accommodate and fix a sliding column 4242 to slide in the hollow part, so that the stability and the operation safety of the sliding part 4 are improved, the excessive downward movement of the sliding part 4 is limited (the sliding groove a32 can also have the same function), the stretching state of a stretching spring of the elastic structure 5 is limited by the action of the fixed column 33, the initial pressure can be set (the sliding groove a32 can also have the same function), and the inner side supporting and fixing are provided for the connecting spring b201 in the following paragraph (the structure of the sliding part 4 needs to be movable and can not be used as the supporting and fixing, the sliding and the acting force on the retina can be influenced by any structure connected to the sliding part 4, the geometric center lines of the two parts are the same, and the sliding part 4 can freely slide in the sliding groove a 32; the length of the sliding groove a32 is 5mm longer than that of the sliding frame 411, the sliding groove a32 can slide by 5mm, the sliding is limited, and the sliding is prevented from being separated from the sliding frame excessively on the premise of ensuring the safety of the operation, so that the transportation, the disinfection and the like of instruments are ensured to be safe and not easy to damage.

The clamping structure 2 comprises a holding plate 21 and a clamping plate 22, the upper end of the holding plate 21 is fixed, the lower end of the holding plate 21 is movable, a connecting spring b201 is fixedly arranged between the inner surface of the lower end of the holding plate 21 and a fixing column 33, a connecting spring c202 is fixedly arranged between the inner surface of the holding plate 21 and the clamping plate 22, the connecting spring b201 and the connecting spring c202 are compression springs and are used for increasing the mobility during clamping (for example, the moving distance of the sliding needle tube is small, the clamping plate during corresponding clamping operation moves small, and the clamping feeling is poor) and the clamping hand feeling, and the holding plate 21 can be more in accordance with the characteristics of human biology when being held, and the shape, the size and the like are designed. The surface of the fixing column 33 and the center of the connecting spring b201 are provided with the pressure limiting column 331, the holding plate 21 cannot move continuously to be clamped when contacting the pressure limiting column 331, so that the holding plate 21 cannot exert pressure on the holding plate without limitation, the maximum pressure of the holding plate on a clamping joint is limited, and the phenomenon that the stability of the retinal surface subjected to pressure is influenced due to excessive rise of friction force is prevented.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 4, in embodiment 3, the same reference numerals are given to the same structures as those in embodiments 1 and 2, and the same description is omitted, and in embodiment 3, the clamping plate 22 is mainly fixed at the tail end, and the head end is movable, so that a small angle is formed between the direction of the applied pressure and the direction of the connection line between the two clamping joints 429 during the process of pressing the clamping joints 429. When the friction force is not large and the influence on the pressure of the retina can be ignored, the final clamping state can be designed to be that the connecting line direction of the clamping plate 22 and the two clamping joints 429 is vertical, so that the downward decomposition force in the clamping process can be ignored. When the friction force is large, the clamping initial state can be designed to be that the connecting line direction of the clamping plate 22 and the two clamping joints 429 is vertical, the pressure is small, the upward decomposition force is small, the downward friction force is small, when the pressure is gradually clamped and increased, the angle of the connecting line direction of the clamping plate 22 and the two clamping joints 429 is gradually changed, the upward decomposition force is gradually increased, the downward friction force is increased along with the increase of the applied pressure, a mutual antagonism effect can be achieved, and the pressure of a stabilizing instrument on the retina is beneficially acted.

The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present invention and the contents of the attached drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Amalgamation tweezers in not damaged, its characterized in that includes: the clamping joint of the sliding part is pressed and released to independently complete grasping and releasing, the lower part of the fixed structure is hollow, the sliding part is movably arranged in the hollow lower part of the fixed structure, an elastic structure is arranged between the upper end of the sliding part and the fixed structure, the lower end of the sliding part is movable, and the elastic structure is constructed to help the sliding part to have a retraction function in the grasping and releasing process so as to ensure that the pressure contacting with the retina is stable without damaging the retina; the clamping structure is configured to apply pressure to the slide clamping knuckle to assist the slide in completing the grip.

2. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the end of the forceps blade is provided with an inner limiting membrane incision knife.

3. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the elastic structure is a constant force spring.

4. The constant force spring according to claim 3, wherein: the total force of the gravity of the sliding part and the elasticity of the constant force spring is positioned between the pressure that the inner limiting membrane incision knife at the end of the forceps blade can cut into the inner limiting membrane by more than half of the thickness and the pressure that the end of the forceps blade damages the retina.

5. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the elastic structure is a tension spring (the gravity of the sliding part is larger than the pressure of injuring the retina);

6. The elastic structure according to claim 5, wherein: the total weight of the sliding part and the initial elasticity of the elastic structure are the pressure of more than half of the thickness of the inner boundary film which can be cut by the inner boundary film cutting knife at the end of the forceps blade; the elastic structure is stressed, the elastic change amount is greater than or equal to 0.2mm from the pressure of cutting more than half of the thickness of the inner boundary film to the pressure of damaging the retina.

7. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the clamping structure applies pressure perpendicular to the sliding direction to the sliding part clamping joint to assist the sliding part in completing clamping, no vertical decomposition force is generated on the sliding part, and the stability of the sliding part on the pressure of the retina is not influenced.

8. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the clamping joint of the sliding part is provided with a bearing, and the sliding part and the sliding groove roll through the bearing so as to reduce the friction force between the sliding part and the clamping part.

9. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the contact surface of the clamping joint of the sliding part and the sliding groove b is added with a low-friction coefficient coating, including but not limited to polytetrafluoroethylene and BAM.

10. The atraumatic internal limiting membrane forceps of claim 1, wherein: the clamping contact surfaces at the ends of the forceps blades are parallel in contact when clamped, and the clamping contact surfaces are provided with ridges with two staggered surfaces so as to increase the gripping force.