CN111213742A - Tea processing system and process based on accurate moisture control - Google Patents
Tea processing system and process based on accurate moisture control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a tea processing system and a tea processing technology based on accurate moisture control, which comprise a constant flow feeding system, a processing system and a moisture detection control system, wherein the real-time moisture content of materials before entering the processing system and the real-time moisture content of the materials after processing are obtained; judging whether the real-time water content value exceeds or is lower than a first preset value; judging whether the real-time water content value exceeds or is lower than a second preset value; and adjusting corresponding operation parameters of the processing system based on the water content, so that the value of the real-time water content of the material entering after adjustment when the material exits from the processing system is always within a second preset value. The invention realizes the stability control of the processing technology, and realizes the closed-loop control of the processing process through the real-time monitoring and management of the moisture content, so that the moisture content of the tea leaves in the processing process is always kept in an ideal interval, thereby obtaining the optimal process control and processing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea processing technologies, in particular to a tea processing system and process based on accurate moisture control.
Background
In the processing and manufacturing process of Pu' er tea, fresh leaves need to be processed according to the process requirements, the control of water during processing is particularly critical, such as a de-enzyming link, a pile fermentation link, a moisture link in the compressed tea manufacturing process and the like, at present, the processing degree is mainly judged by manual experience, and the uniform stability of the processed water is not ensured by feeding back a regulating device in real time according to the incoming material condition.
In the process of enzyme deactivation, the quality of enzyme deactivation directly affects the quality of finished tea. The fixation is taken as the most main process in primary tea processing, how to improve the quality of the tea is more and more emphasized by more scientific research and production units, the fixation quality is particularly critical, the water content of the tea is a key index during fixation, and the moisture of the tea cannot be accurately controlled by the current fixation process, so that the fixation quality cannot obtain the best guarantee.
In the process of making Pu-Er ripe tea, water is added to tea raw materials for moisture regaining and regaining so as to carry out pile fermentation and other treatments on the tea. The water content of the raw tea is generally between 9% and 12%, that is to say, the water content of the tea needs to be increased for fermentation, and the water adding amount of the tea needs to be adjusted in time according to different conditions of the old and tender tea, the air temperature, the air humidity, the season, the fermentation field and the like. According to different moisture contents, different grades and different environmental conditions of tea raw materials, water is generally required to be added to enable the moisture content to reach a certain content. Up to now, the Pu' er tea is processed and fermented by manually adding water, and the method of adding water to the tea raw material is totally and manually sprinkled by a container or a water pipe, and the water adding amount is controlled by experience. The disadvantages are inaccurate water adding amount, poor uniformity of water adding, unstable process quality such as fermentation and the like; in addition, because the tea pile area for pile-sealing fermentation is large, in order to make the whole pile of tea return moisture, watering personnel must walk back and forth in the tea pile to spray, thereby affecting the sanitation and safety.
The picked loose tea is autoclaved at high temperature and processed into compressed tea with various shapes. The 'loose tea' is moisturized at high temperature and autoclaved, the amount of the moisturized water must be accurate and uniform, the water content in the tea is controlled within a reasonable range, the change of the tea quality is prevented, and then the storage and the aging are carried out. At present, water is added roughly in the process of making the compressed tea, and the water content is not controlled accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to effectively solve the problem of accurate control of water in the tea making process and provides a tea processing system and process based on accurate water control. Specifically, the invention is realized by the following steps:
a tea processing system based on accurate moisture control comprises a constant flow feeding system, a processing system, a moisture detection control system and a constant flow feeding system, wherein the constant flow feeding system is used for adjusting or controlling the feeding amount of materials and keeping the flow stable; the processing system is connected with the constant flow feeding system and can adjust and maintain the processing technological condition parameters; the device is used for processing materials; and the moisture detection control system is used for acquiring the moisture content of the material before and after processing during feeding and discharging in real time, and controlling the processing system to make corresponding dynamic stability adjustment based on the real-time moisture content, so that the moisture content of the material after processing is kept in a stable value.
The processing system is one or more of a de-enzyming system, a pile fermentation system and a moisture system in compressed tea making.
The constant flow feed system comprises: a material temporary storage and lifting device, a metering device, a dynamic electronic scale and a conveying mechanism.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tea processing process based on precise moisture control, comprising: the material enters a processing system in a stable constant quantity; acquiring real-time water content MC1 of the material before entering a processing system; obtaining real-time moisture content MC2 of the material after the material is processed from a processing system; judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC1 exceeds or is lower than a first preset value; judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds or is lower than a second preset value; if not, keeping the operation parameters of the processing system unchanged; and if at least one of the water content and the water content is yes, adaptively adjusting corresponding operating parameters of the processing system, so that the value of the real-time water content MC2 of the adjusted material entering the processing system when the material exits the processing system is always within a second preset value.
Further, the processing system is one or more of a de-enzyming system, a water adding device before pile fermentation and a water wetting system in compressed tea making.
Further, the processing system is a water-removing system, and the operating parameters of the processing system comprise the rotating speed of a roller of the water-removing system, the processing steam pressure or the temperature in the microwave water-removing process and the duration or electric conduction temperature of the water-removing process; the corresponding operation parameters of the water-removing system are obtained by one or more of a fuzzy PA algorithm, a self-tuning PID algorithm and a self-adaptive PID algorithm based on the values of the real-time water content MC1 and MC2 and the parameter values of the real-time operation parameters.
Further, when the processing system is a water adding device before pile fermentation, the operating parameters of the processing system comprise the water adding amount or the water spraying amount before fermentation, or the rotating speed value and the flow value of the roller.
Furthermore, when the processing system is a moisture system in compressed tea making, the operating parameters of the processing system comprise water adding amount or water spraying amount, or a rotating speed value and a flow value of the moisture system.
Further, when the value of the real-time water content MC1 exceeds a first preset value, the water detection control system reduces the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed of the material entering the processing system, or increases the processing temperature value, or increases the heating power of the processing equipment; or simultaneously adjusting each parameter value to ensure that the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; when the value of the real-time water content MC1 is lower than a first preset value, reversely adjusting; when the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds a second preset value, the water detection control system reduces the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed of the material entering the processing system, or improves the processing temperature value, or improves the heating power of the processing equipment; or simultaneously adjusting each parameter value to ensure that the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; and when the value of the real-time water content MC2 is lower than a second preset value, reversely adjusting.
The working principle of the invention is introduced: the principle of the invention is described by taking a water-removing link as an example: the constant flow feeding system can control the blanking time and blanking amount of tea materials, simultaneously carry out dynamic electronic bearing and can transmit the tea materials to the fixation system, the fixation system can control the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed in the fixation system, namely the fixation time, can adjust and control the power of the fixation system, can control parameters such as fixation temperature and the like by adjusting the fixation power, the fixation system can be in various modes such as microwave fixation, steam fixation, electric heating fixation and the like, the moisture detector can detect the tea moisture content of the tea materials on the conveying belt in real time so as to obtain the real-time moisture content value of the tea materials and feed the real-time moisture content value back to the moisture detection control system, the moisture detector can be arranged in multiple sections and multiple points and is used for detecting the moisture content of the materials under different stations in real time, and the moisture detection control system is connected between various mechanisms and the moisture detector in the system, performing cooperative operation among the structures under the central control drive; the invention monitors the water content of the material before and after water-removing in real time, when the real-time water content MC1 of the material before entering the water-removing system exceeds a first preset value, the water content of the material is over high, the water to be removed in the enzyme deactivating process is relatively more, the first preset value is the optimal value which is in line with the water content of the tea leaves to be kept in the enzyme deactivating process, can be a range, in this case, the controller calculates the specific moisture value to be removed in the green removing stage by an intelligent algorithm according to the specific value of the MC1, then the feedback signal is transmitted to a water-removing system, the water content of the part is controlled to be removed more by adjusting the material conveying time or the water-removing temperature in the water-removing process, the real-time water content MC2 of the material after the fixation is finished by the fixation system meets the optimal water content value under the actual production environment, so that the quality of the fixation process is guaranteed; meanwhile, the controller can also adjust the discharge amount of the constant-flow feeding system to ensure that the fixation speed of the whole link is correspondingly matched, so that the material accumulation or the discharge amount deviation is avoided; meanwhile, the controller can also control the upstream end to actively correct and adjust the moisture content of the material so as to ensure that the value of the MC1 is corrected within a first preset value as early as possible; similarly, when the real-time water content MC1 of the material before entering the water-removing system is lower than a first preset value, the water content of the material is too low, the consumption of the water of the material in the water-removing process needs to be reduced, and the controller obtains corresponding parameter adjustment of the water-removing system after calculation, so that the water content of the material in the water-removing process is controlled, and the real-time water content MC2 of the material after the water-removing is completed by the water-removing system is kept within a second preset value; the accuracy of water management and control in the water-removing process is guaranteed; when the MC2 value deviates, the controller calculates a correction parameter value through the deviation value and then sends the correction parameter value to a related mechanism to directly adjust the operation parameter so as to restore the MC2 value to a second preset value as early as possible and realize stability control, so that the system and the method realize closed-loop control through real-time monitoring and management of the water content, and the water content of the tea in the green removing process is always kept in an ideal interval so as to obtain the optimal process control and green removing quality.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the mechanical and intelligent automatic processing reduces the labor intensity, improves the working efficiency and realizes the clean production;
(2) the tea leaf production control system can accurately control the temperature and time of tea leaves in the production process, can strictly control the water content of the necessary condition for controlling tea leaf production, and ensures the stable management of the tea leaf quality in the processing process, thereby stabilizing the quality of the tea leaves, reducing the failure probability of tea leaf production, and saving the production cost in a turning way.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic system frame diagram of a tea processing system based on precision moisture control;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tea processing process based on precise moisture control;
FIG. 3 is a management flow diagram of a tea processing process based on precise moisture control;
fig. 4 is a schematic system diagram of a tea processing system based on precise moisture control.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The first preset value and the second preset value are both range values. The real-time water content MC1 and MC2 values are obtained by an online water detector, and the comparison and judgment between the real-time water content MC1 and the real-time water content MC2 values and the control parameters of the process of controlling the rotating speed, the temperature and the like of equipment are finished by the existing algorithms, such as a fuzzy PA algorithm, a self-tuning PID algorithm, a self-adaptive PID algorithm and the like.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a tea processing system based on precise moisture control comprises a constant flow feeding system, a processing system and a moisture detection control system, wherein the constant flow feeding system is used for adjusting or controlling the feeding amount, the transportation speed and the like of materials and keeping the material entering amount constant, the feeding amount can be realized by uniformly matching a temporary storage and lifting device, a metering pipe and a dynamic electronic scale, the transportation speed is controlled by a conveying mechanism such as a conveying driving motor of a conveying belt, and the processing process conditions comprise the processing temperature value of the processing system and the processing process parameters related to moisture control in the processing system such as the heating power of a processing machine, so that the processing process condition parameters tend to be stable. The moisture detection control system comprises two groups of moisture detectors and a control system, wherein the moisture detectors can be formed by near-infrared online moisture detection devices and are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the processing system and are respectively used for dynamically detecting the moisture content of the material before and after processing during feeding and discharging in real time and transmitting moisture content information to the control system; the control system is connected with the mechanism devices and instruments and the like and is used for monitoring the moisture detector to acquire the real-time moisture content of the material, and controlling the processing system to make corresponding dynamic stability adjustment based on the variation value of the real-time moisture content, so that the moisture content of the processed material is kept in a stable value.
As shown in FIG. 4, the constant flow system includes a temporary storage and lifting device, a metering tube, and a dynamic electronic scale. Near-infrared online moisture detection devices are arranged before and after processing for accurately controlling moisture, and the moisture of the processed tea leaves is accurately controlled by controlling processing equipment through front and back moisture feedback. The tea conveying is completed by a conveying system. The tea processing technology for accurate moisture control further comprises a control system, and the temporary storage and lifting device, the metering tube, the dynamic electronic scale, the processing mechanism, the conveying mechanism and the near-infrared online detection device are driven by the central control system to cooperatively operate. The conveying system consists of a conveying belt and a driving motor device, the conveying belt conveys tea leaves from an outlet of the belt electronic scale to an inlet of the processing mechanism under the driving of the driving motor, and the tea leaves are output by the conveying belt after being processed.
Example 2: taking a water-removing link as an example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the tea processing technology based on accurate moisture control, before a material enters water-removing, after passing through a moisture detector on a conveyor belt, the moisture detector acquires a real-time moisture content MC1 value of the material before entering a water-removing system and feeds the value back to a controller; when the material is discharged after the deactivation of enzymes and passes through another group of water detectors, the water detectors acquire real-time water content MC2 values of the material after the deactivation of enzymes is completed from the deactivation system and feed the real-time water content MC2 values back to the controller; after the controller receives the MC1 value, an intelligent algorithm is used for judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC1 exceeds or is lower than a first preset value; after the controller receives the MC2 value, an intelligent algorithm is used for judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds or is lower than a second preset value; if not, keeping the operation parameters of the water-removing system unchanged; if at least one of the water content and the water content is yes, adjusting corresponding operation parameters of the water-removing system, so that the value of the real-time water content MC2 of the adjusted materials entering the water-removing system when the materials exit the water-removing system is always within a second preset value. The operation parameters comprise the rotating speed of a roller of the fixation system, the temperature of fixation steam or microwave and the duration of the fixation process, and are adjustably controlled by the fixation equipment, wherein: the corresponding operation parameters of the water-removing system are adjusted based on the values of the real-time water content MC1 and the MC2 and the parameter values of the real-time operation parameters, and are obtained through an intelligent algorithm. When the value of the real-time water content MC1 exceeds a first preset value, the fact that the water content of the material at an inlet is too high is indicated, the system needs to be controlled timely to reduce the moving speed of the material entering a water-removing system or the rotating speed of a roller, or the water-removing temperature value is increased, or the heating power of water-removing equipment is increased, the drying force is increased, or the operation parameter values of all mechanisms are adjusted simultaneously, so that the water content of the material in the water-removing process is reduced to a required value, and finally the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; when the value of the real-time water content MC1 is lower than a first preset value, the water content of the specification is lower, reverse adjustment is carried out, and the drying strength of water in the de-enzyming process is reduced; when the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds a second preset value, the deviation of the control on the water in the water-removing process is shown, the parameters of each part of mechanism possibly have defects, and the control system reduces the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed of the material entering the water-removing system, or improves the water-removing temperature value, or improves the heating power of the water-removing equipment; or simultaneously adjusting each parameter value to ensure that the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; and when the value of the real-time water content MC2 is lower than a second preset value, reversely adjusting. Preferably, the corresponding operating parameters further include the material feeding amount and the material uniform thickness.
Example 3: in actual use: a tea processing technology based on accurate moisture control is characterized in that a controller controls a temporary storage and lifting device, a metering pipe and a belt conveyor to enable incoming materials to be constant, moisture detection signals in front of and behind a processing machine are used for feeding back the processing machine, parameters of processing equipment are adjusted through an algorithm, and stability and uniformity of moisture after processing are guaranteed. Fresh leaves are spread to be green, then pass through a temporary storage and lifting device, are arranged at an outlet of the temporary storage and lifting device or a conveyor, and send signals through a photoelectric sensor so as to control the speed of a temporary storage and lifting device for lifting a conveyor belt, so that the automatic control of the tea conveying flow is realized, a dynamic electronic scale is arranged below a metering pipe, materials fall onto a weighing belt of the dynamic electronic scale from the metering pipe firstly, and then the materials are weighed by a weighing device, so that the aim of automatically controlling the production process is fulfilled; after weighing is finished, performing moisture detection before processing by using a near-infrared moisture detector; because the moisture content of fresh leaves just picked reaches 75-80%, after steam processing and microwave processing, moisture is subtracted from the tea leaves to about 20-30% of the total weight of raw leaf raw materials through moisture detection. The moisture after the processing is finished is mainly controlled by controlling processing equipment, a feeding device, a conveying belt and the like. The controller controls the moisture by controlling related parameters such as the rotating speed of a roller of the processing machine, the temperature of steam, the processing time and the like, and the controller feeds back the moisture detector 2 in the moisture detector figure 2 after the steam processing is finished and adjusts the parameters of the processing machine through an algorithm to promote the stability of the processed moisture.
In another mode: when the processing system is a water adding device before pile fermentation, if the real-time water content value of the real-time material is not within a preset value, the control system controls the water adding amount or the water spraying amount before fermentation to be properly changed so as to ensure that the water content of the material after pile fermentation is within an optimal value; correspondingly, when the processing system is a moisture system in compressed tea making, if the real-time water content value of the real-time material is not in the corresponding preset value, the control system controls the water adding amount or the water spraying amount of the moisture system to be properly changed so as to keep the water content of the material after the moisture system in the optimal value;
it is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A tea processing system based on accurate moisture control is characterized by comprising a constant flow feeding system, a processing system and a moisture detection control system,
the constant flow feeding system is used for adjusting or controlling the feeding amount of the materials and keeping the flow stable;
the processing system is connected with the constant flow feeding system and can adjust and maintain the processing technological condition parameters; the device is used for processing materials;
and the moisture detection control system is used for acquiring the moisture content of the material before and after processing during feeding and discharging in real time, and controlling the processing system to make corresponding dynamic stability adjustment based on the real-time moisture content, so that the moisture content of the material after processing is kept in a stable value.
2. The tea processing system of claim 1 wherein the processing system is one or more of a de-enzyming system, a pile fermentation system, a moisture system in compressed tea manufacture.
3. The tea processing system of claim 1 wherein the constant flow feed system comprises: a material temporary storage and lifting device, a metering device, a dynamic electronic scale and a conveying mechanism.
4. A tea processing technology based on accurate moisture control is characterized by comprising the following steps: the material enters a processing system in a stable constant quantity;
acquiring real-time water content MC1 of the material before entering a processing system;
obtaining real-time moisture content MC2 of the material after the material is processed from a processing system;
judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC1 exceeds or is lower than a first preset value; judging whether the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds or is lower than a second preset value; if not, keeping the operation parameters of the processing system unchanged; and if at least one of the water content and the water content is yes, adaptively adjusting corresponding operating parameters of the processing system, so that the value of the real-time water content MC2 of the adjusted material entering the processing system when the material exits the processing system is always within a second preset value.
5. The tea processing process of claim 4, wherein the processing system is one or more of a de-enzyming system, a water adding device before pile fermentation, and a moisture system in compressed tea making.
6. The tea processing process according to claim 5, wherein the processing system is a de-enzyming system, and the operating parameters include the rotation speed of the drum of the de-enzyming system, the pressure of the processing steam or the temperature during the microwave de-enzyming process, and the duration or the electric conduction temperature of the de-enzyming process; the corresponding operation parameters of the water-removing system are obtained by one or more of a fuzzy PA algorithm, a self-tuning PID algorithm or a self-adaptive PID algorithm based on the values of the real-time water content ratio MC1 and MC2 and the parameter values of the real-time operation parameters.
7. The tea processing technology according to claim 5, wherein when the processing system is a water adding device before pile fermentation, the operation parameters comprise the water adding amount before fermentation, the water spraying amount, the rotating speed value and the flow value of the roller.
8. The tea processing process according to claim 5, wherein the operating parameters of the processing system are the amount of water added or the amount of water sprayed, or the rotational speed and flow rate of the system when the processing system is a wet system in compressed tea manufacture.
9. The tea processing process according to claim 6, wherein when the real-time moisture content MC1 exceeds a first preset value, the moisture detection control system reduces the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed of the material entering the processing system, or increases the processing temperature value, or increases the heating power of the processing equipment; or simultaneously adjusting each parameter value to ensure that the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; when the value of the real-time water content MC1 is lower than a first preset value, reversely adjusting; when the value of the real-time water content MC2 exceeds a second preset value, the water detection control system reduces the material moving speed or the roller rotating speed of the material entering the processing system, or improves the processing temperature value, or improves the heating power of the processing equipment; or simultaneously adjusting each parameter value to ensure that the value of the real-time water content MC2 is always within a second preset value; and when the value of the real-time water content MC2 is lower than a second preset value, reversely adjusting.
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| CN113424875A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-24 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Strip-shaped green tea intelligent fixation device and continuous automatic processing technology |
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| CN115610899A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-01-17 | 安徽农业大学 | Intelligent control method, electronic equipment and storage medium for tea leaf fixation processing process |
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