CN111211844A - Quantum key receiving chip and device - Google Patents
Quantum key receiving chip and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111211844A CN111211844A CN202010309325.3A CN202010309325A CN111211844A CN 111211844 A CN111211844 A CN 111211844A CN 202010309325 A CN202010309325 A CN 202010309325A CN 111211844 A CN111211844 A CN 111211844A
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- quantum key
- control unit
- splitting ratio
- optical
- key receiving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/615—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
Abstract
The application provides a quantum key receiving chip and a device, which relate to the technical field of quantum communication, wherein the quantum key receiving chip comprises an optical decoding module, a quantum key distribution module and a quantum key distribution module; a split ratio modulation module configured to modulate a split ratio of the optical signal entering the optical decoding module; the optical decoding module is connected to the splitting ratio modulation module through a planar optical waveguide; the splitting ratio modulation module comprises an equal-arm interferometer and a splitting ratio control unit, the splitting ratio control unit is configured to control and adjust the splitting ratio of an output optical signal of the equal-arm interferometer, and the optical decoding module is connected to the output end of the equal-arm interferometer; the splitting ratio control unit is a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit. The technical scheme provided by the application can realize adjustable splitting ratio, small volume, high integration and low cost of quantum key receiving.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a quantum key receiving chip and a quantum key receiving device.
Background
The quantum key distribution is one of the research hotspots in the field of quantum communication, and with the advance of quantum communication industrialization, the realization of the miniaturization and integration of quantum communication equipment and the promotion of the quantum communication system code rate have great significance for improving the quantum communication performance, increasing the user experience and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional quantum key receiving apparatus implements a scheme of passive basis vector selection by using a fiber splitter, and this technical scheme involves a problem of optimizing a splitting ratio of the fiber splitter. Taking the most common BB84 protocol based on the decoy protocol as an example, strict theoretical research shows that the optimal splitting ratio of the splitter is different under different channel attenuations. If the optimal splitting ratio is not selected according to different channel attenuations, the code rate index of the quantum key distribution system is obviously reduced.
In addition, the existing quantum key receiving device based on discrete devices (such as a fiber splitter, a polarization splitter, and the like) is large in volume. In addition, flange connection is often adopted between the discrete devices, insertion loss of each device and change of optical path of the optical fiber are caused due to environmental changes (such as temperature, vibration and other factors), and the system stability is poor, so that a scheme of a quantum key receiving device with small volume, high integration level and high stability needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a quantum key receiving chip and a device to solve the problems that the splitting ratio of the existing quantum key receiving device is not adjustable, the size is large, the integration level is low, and the stability is poor.
A quantum key receiving chip, the chip comprising: an optical decoding module configured for quantum key distribution decoding; a split ratio modulation module configured to modulate a split ratio of the optical signal entering the optical decoding module; the optical decoding module is connected to the splitting ratio modulation module through a planar optical waveguide; the splitting ratio modulation module comprises an equal-arm interferometer and a splitting ratio control unit, the splitting ratio control unit is configured to control and adjust the splitting ratio of an output optical signal of the equal-arm interferometer, and the optical decoding module is connected to the output end of the equal-arm interferometer; the splitting ratio control unit is a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit.
Preferably, the splitting ratio control unit is configured as a temperature control unit that modulates the splitting ratio of the output optical signal of the isoarm interferometer according to temperature.
Preferably, the splitting ratio control unit is configured as a bias modulation unit that modulates the splitting ratio of the output optical signal of the equal arm interferometer according to a voltage.
Preferably, the temperature control unit comprises a thermistor, a temperature control circuit and a temperature adjusting unit, and the temperature adjusting unit comprises a heat conducting fin connected to one arm of the equal-arm interferometer.
Preferably, the bias voltage modulation unit includes a photodetection and bias voltage modulation circuit, and the photodetection and bias voltage modulation circuit is connected to the equal-arm interferometer.
Preferably, the chip is made of a silicon-based material or a lithium niobate material.
Preferably, the optical decoding module includes an unequal arm interferometer and a stability maintaining unit connected to the unequal arm interferometer, the stability maintaining unit being configured as a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit. .
Preferably, the optical decoding module comprises a polarizing beam splitter.
A quantum key receiving apparatus comprising: a quantum key receiving chip as claimed in any preceding claim.
Preferably, the quantum key receiving device further comprises a detection module, and the detection module comprises a single photon detector.
According to the technical scheme provided by the application, a brand-new quantum key receiving chip and a device are provided, the chip integrates a splitting ratio modulation module and an optical decoding module, the size of a quantum key distribution receiving end is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the working stability of the quantum key distribution receiving end based on a chip form is high. In addition, the splitting ratio modulation module realized based on the equal-arm interferometer and the splitting ratio control unit can modulate the optimal splitting ratio of optical signals entering each path of each optical decoding module according to different attenuation of each channel, so that the splitting ratio of a quantum key distribution receiving end is adjustable, and the code rate of a quantum key distribution system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a quantum key receiver in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quantum key receiving chip according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram of a split ratio modulation module of the quantum key receiving chip according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a quantum key receiving chip including an unequal arm interferometer according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a quantum key receiving chip including a polarizing beam splitter according to the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a quantum key receiving device according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various equivalent modifications of the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention fall within the scope of the appended claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention provides a quantum key receiving chip and a quantum key receiving device, which can solve the problems of unadjustable splitting ratio, large volume, low integration level, poor stability and large optical signal attenuation of the quantum key receiving device.
Referring to fig. 2, a quantum key receiving chip provided in an embodiment of the present application includes: an optical decoding module configured for quantum key distribution decoding; a split ratio modulation module configured to modulate a split ratio of the optical signal entering the optical decoding module; the number of the optical decoding modules may be one or more, and the number is not specifically limited in this application, and after the optical decoding modules are set, the attenuation of each path in the optical decoding modules can be obtained, so that the optimal splitting ratio of each path of the optical decoding modules can be calculated. Each optical decoding module is connected to the splitting ratio modulation module through a planar optical waveguide, specifically, each optical decoding module is connected to the splitting ratio modulation module through at least two optical paths, in addition, each optical decoding module has at least two optical path output ends connected to the chip and serving as an optical path output end of the chip, and an optical path serving as an optical path input end of the chip is connected to an input end of the splitting ratio modulation module. And then, the two or more light pulses enter each optical decoding module through corresponding light paths and are output after being decoded by the optical decoding module.
The quantum key receiving chip can be a waveguide chip, the light path can adopt a waveguide line, and a silicon-based material or a lithium niobate material is adopted, and a splitting ratio modulation module and one or more optical decoding modules are etched on the silicon-based material or the lithium niobate material.
The splitting ratio modulation module comprises an equal-arm interferometer and a splitting ratio control unit, the splitting ratio control unit is configured to control and adjust the splitting ratio of the output optical signal of the equal-arm interferometer, and the optical decoding module is connected to the output end of the equal-arm interferometer. Referring to fig. 3, the splitting ratio control unit is connected to the equal-arm interferometer, one optical path is connected to an input end of the equal-arm interferometer as an optical path input end of the chip, and the equal-arm interferometer is connected to each optical decoding module through at least two optical paths. After entering the chip, one beam of light pulse is changed into two or more beams of light pulses through the equal-arm interferometer, the splitting ratio control unit controls and adjusts the splitting ratio of the two or more beams of light pulses output by the equal-arm interferometer, and then the two or more beams of light pulses are input into the corresponding optical decoding module through the corresponding light path.
Through the mode, the splitting ratio modulation module can modulate the optimal splitting ratio of the optical signals entering each path of each optical decoding module according to the different attenuation differences of the optical signals of different paths in the optical decoding module, so that the splitting ratio of the quantum key distribution receiving end can be adjusted, and the code rate of the system can be improved. In addition, the splitting ratio modulation module and one or more optical decoding modules are integrated in the waveguide chip, so that the size and cost of a receiving end are greatly reduced, and the working stability of the receiving end is improved.
In one possible embodiment, the split ratio control unit is configured as a temperature control unit that modulates the split ratio of the output optical signal of the isoarm interferometer according to the temperature. The temperature is closely related to the refractive index of the optical signal, and the refractive index of the optical signal can be changed by changing the temperature, so that the splitting ratio of each path is changed, and therefore, the splitting ratio of the optical signal can be modulated by changing the temperature value. Under the condition that the optical decoding module is determined, attenuation of each path can be calculated according to a quantum key distribution theory, and then the optimal splitting ratio of each path can be obtained, so that under the condition that the optimal splitting ratio is determined, the temperature value required by the output end of the equal-arm interferometer is also determined, and the optimal splitting ratio can be obtained by adjusting the corresponding temperature value. Specifically, the temperature control unit comprises a thermistor, a temperature control circuit and a temperature adjusting unit, wherein the temperature adjusting unit comprises a heat conducting fin which is connected to one arm of the equal-arm interferometer. First, the temperature of the equal-arm interferometer is detected by a thermistor, and then, a temperature adjusting unit, which heats or cools one arm of the equal-arm interferometer by a heat conducting sheet, is adjusted by a temperature control circuit, and specifically, the temperature adjusting unit may be a semiconductor refrigerator.
In another possible embodiment, the split ratio control unit is configured as a bias modulation unit that modulates the split ratio of the output optical signal of the equal arm interferometer according to the voltage. The bias voltage applied to the equal arm interferometer can also affect the refractive index of the optical signal and thus the splitting ratio of the optical signals in different paths, so adjusting the bias voltage signal applied to the equal arm interferometer can also adjust the splitting ratio at the output of the equal arm interferometer. Specifically, the bias modulation unit includes a photodetection and bias modulation circuit, the photodetection and bias modulation circuit is connected to the equal-arm interferometer, and when the optimal splitting ratio is determined, a bias signal required by an output end of the equal-arm interferometer is also determined, and the optimal splitting ratio can be obtained by applying the required bias signal through the photodetection and bias modulation circuit.
The optical decoding module is used for quantum key distribution decoding, generally, time, phase and polarization decoding are performed, the time decoding can be performed only by connecting a light path from the splitting ratio modulation module to a subsequent detection module, the phase decoding needs to be performed by the aid of an interferometer, and the polarization decoding needs to be performed by the aid of a polarization beam splitter.
In a possible embodiment, taking time-phase decoding as an example, referring to fig. 4, the optical decoding module includes an unequal arm interferometer, the unequal arm interferometer is used for phase decoding, one optical path output by the equal arm interferometer is connected to an input end of the unequal arm interferometer, and two optical paths output by an output end of the unequal arm interferometer are used as two output optical paths of the chip; in this embodiment, the optical decoding module further comprises another optical path directly connected to the output of the equal-arm interferometer and directly serving as another output optical path of the chip, which is used for time decoding.
In this embodiment, the optical decoding module may further include a maintenance unit connected to the unequal arm interferometer. The internal structure of the unequal-arm interferometer determines that an optical signal passing through the unequal-arm interferometer changes along with the change of the external environment, so that the unequal-arm interferometer needs to be designed in a stable way. Equivalent to the splitting ratio control unit, the stability maintaining unit may be configured as a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit for stability maintaining of the unequal arm interferometer to improve stability of phase decoding.
In another possible embodiment, taking polarization decoding as an example, referring to fig. 5, the optical decoding module includes a polarization beam splitter. Specifically, each output end of the equal-arm interferometer is connected with a polarization beam splitter for polarization decoding, and the output end of the polarization beam splitter is also used as the optical path output end of the chip. In this embodiment, the optical decoding module includes at least two polarization beam splitters, each polarization beam splitter has two output optical paths, and the optical signal output by the equal-arm interferometer is then polarization-decoded by the polarization beam splitter.
A quantum key receiving device comprises the quantum key receiving chip of any one of the embodiments, and further comprises a detection module, wherein the detection module comprises a single photon detector. Specifically, each light path output end of the chip needs to be connected with a single photon detector to realize detection and reception of the quantum key.
It should be noted that the specific internal structure of the chip of the present application is not limited to the chip form, and may also be built in a device form, that is, the splitting ratio modulation module and the optical decoding module and the specific structure thereof may also be built in a manner of connecting discrete devices and optical fibers, so as to realize the adjustability of the splitting ratio.
The present application has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to limit the application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the presently disclosed embodiments and implementations thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The protection scope of this application is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum key receiving chip, comprising:
an optical decoding module configured for quantum key distribution decoding;
a split ratio modulation module configured to modulate a split ratio of the optical signal entering the optical decoding module;
the optical decoding module is connected to the splitting ratio modulation module through a planar optical waveguide;
the splitting ratio modulation module comprises an equal-arm interferometer and a splitting ratio control unit, the splitting ratio control unit is configured to control and adjust the splitting ratio of an output optical signal of the equal-arm interferometer, and the optical decoding module is connected to the output end of the equal-arm interferometer;
the splitting ratio control unit is a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit.
2. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 1, wherein the split ratio control unit is configured as a temperature control unit that modulates the split ratio of the output optical signal of the isoarm interferometer according to temperature.
3. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 1, wherein the split ratio control unit is configured as a bias modulation unit that modulates the split ratio of the output optical signal of the isoarm interferometer according to a voltage.
4. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 2, wherein the temperature control unit comprises a thermistor, a temperature control circuit, and a temperature adjustment unit comprising a thermally conductive plate connected to one arm of the isoarm interferometer.
5. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 3, wherein the bias voltage modulation unit comprises a photodetection and bias voltage modulation circuit, the photodetection and bias voltage modulation circuit being connected to the equal-arm interferometer.
6. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 1, wherein the chip is made of silicon-based material or lithium niobate material.
7. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 1, wherein the optical decoding module comprises an unequal arm interferometer and a stability maintaining unit, the stability maintaining unit is connected to the unequal arm interferometer, and the stability maintaining unit is configured as a temperature control unit or a bias voltage modulation unit.
8. The quantum key receiving chip of claim 1, wherein the optical decoding module comprises a polarizing beam splitter.
9. A quantum key reception device comprising the quantum key reception chip according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The quantum key receiving device of claim 9, further comprising a detection module comprising a single photon detector.
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| CN202010309325.3A CN111211844A (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Quantum key receiving chip and device |
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| CN202010309325.3A CN111211844A (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Quantum key receiving chip and device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114338004A (en) * | 2021-12-11 | 2022-04-12 | 北京量子信息科学研究院 | Modulation device and modulation method for decoy state quantum key distribution system |
| CN116937315A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 山东弘信光学科技有限公司 | Double-end output multi-wavelength fiber laser |
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| US20180062838A1 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2018-03-01 | The University Of Bristol | Chip-based quantum key distribution |
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| CN116937315A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-10-24 | 山东弘信光学科技有限公司 | Double-end output multi-wavelength fiber laser |
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