CN111208550A - Transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector - Google Patents
Transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111208550A CN111208550A CN202010018109.3A CN202010018109A CN111208550A CN 111208550 A CN111208550 A CN 111208550A CN 202010018109 A CN202010018109 A CN 202010018109A CN 111208550 A CN111208550 A CN 111208550A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector which is characterized by comprising a detector device and a signal transmission circuit, wherein the detector device comprises a vacuum target chamber, an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate and a plurality of signal leading-out feed-throughs, and the signal transmission circuit comprises two amplifiers, a combiner, a microwave switch and a spectrometer. The transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector disclosed by the invention has high signal detection sensitivity, can realize remote real-time switching measurement of transverse signals and longitudinal signals through a network, and is greatly convenient for physical personnel to measure and debug the quality parameters of weak beams of the annular accelerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of accelerators, in particular to a transverse and longitudinal beam Schottky signal detector.
Background
Schottky (Schottky) diagnosis is a very important non-interception beam diagnosis means in the ion ring accelerator. When the particle beam passes through the Schottky probe, the Schottky probe can sense fluctuation statistical signals generated by the rotation of a limited number of particles, namely beam Schottky signals, and the signals mainly have the following three important applications: (1) measuring beam current intensity, energy, convolution frequency, frequency distribution width, momentum distribution width, a machine tune value and chromaticity parameters by using the Schottky signal, and carrying out machine research; (2) calculating a Schottky signal power spectrum, obtaining the proportional relation between Schottky power and ion number in the power spectrum, and carrying out measurement research on the mass and the service life of the atomic nucleus; (3) the Schottky signal is used as a pickup signal of a random Cooling (Stochastic Cooling) system and fed back to a bucker probe of the system, so that the particle orbit is synchronously corrected, the beam current is rapidly cooled, and the beam current quality is effectively improved.
At present, Schottky probes with different forms are arranged in each existing heavy ion and proton annular accelerator. For example, the german heavy ion research center GSI SIS18 schottky probes of the electrostatic induction capacitance (capacitance), ESR strip (strip) and quasi-resonant cavity (pill-box) types; the european nuclear center CERN large hadron collider LHC and RHIC of the us brugkian marine national laboratory BNL use slotted slow wave (slotted wave) type schottky probes. Capacitance type and cavity-like type Schottky probes are respectively arranged on a main ring CSRm and an experimental ring CSRe of a heavy ion accelerator cooling storage ring (HIRFL-CSR) in Lanzhou, China, and machine parameter research and nuclear life quality measurement are mainly carried out.
However, when the number of ions in the ring is small and the flow intensity is extremely low (such as low to micro-nano ampere level), the conventional signal detector has low sensitivity, is easily interfered by noise background and has poor signal-to-noise ratio, so that transverse and longitudinal signals of weak ion beams of the ring accelerator cannot be observed, and corresponding machine parameter research and nuclear life quality measurement experiments cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector which is used for solving the problems that the conventional signal detector is low in sensitivity and cannot observe transverse and longitudinal schottky signals in real time.
The invention provides a transverse and longitudinal beam Schottky signal detector which comprises a detector device and a signal transmission circuit, wherein the detector device comprises a vacuum target chamber, an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate and a plurality of signal leading-out feed-throughs, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate respectively comprise an induction plate, two wing plates, a front ear plate and a rear ear plate, the two wing plates are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the induction plate and are respectively outwards opened, and the front ear plate and the rear ear plate are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the induction plate and are respectively deviated from the wing plates; the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are fixed in the vacuum target chamber along the longitudinal direction of the vacuum target chamber, and the induction plate of the upper polar plate is parallel to the induction plate of the lower polar plate; the signal leading-out feed-throughs are arranged on the outer wall of the vacuum target chamber and comprise a plurality of upper signal leading-out feed-throughs and a plurality of lower signal leading-out feed-throughs, the front ear plate and the rear ear plate of the upper polar plate are respectively connected with the upper signal leading-out feed-throughs, and the front ear plate and the rear ear plate of the lower polar plate are respectively connected with the lower signal leading-out feed-throughs; the signal transmission circuit comprises two amplifiers, a combiner, a microwave switch and a frequency spectrograph, wherein the combiner comprises two input ends, a longitudinal signal output end and a transverse signal output end, the microwave switch comprises a first input interface, a second input interface and an output interface, and the input ends of the two amplifiers are connected with an upper signal leading-out feed-through and a lower signal leading-out feed-through; the output ends of the two amplifiers are respectively connected with the two input ends of the combiner, and the longitudinal signal output end and the transverse signal output end of the combiner are respectively connected with the first input interface and the second input interface of the microwave switch; and an output interface of the microwave switch is connected with the frequency spectrograph.
Preferably, the induction plate, the pterygoid lamina with the otic placode is the metal sheet and an induction plate, two pterygoid laminas, preceding otic placode and back otic placode integrated into one piece that easily conduct electricity.
Preferably, the detector device further comprises a front support, a rear support and a plurality of insulating bolts, wherein the front support and the rear support respectively comprise an annular fixing piece, two upper fixing rods and two lower fixing rods, the two upper fixing rods are respectively fixed on two sides of the upper part of the annular fixing piece, and the two lower fixing rods are respectively fixed on two sides of the lower part of the annular fixing piece; the annular fixing pieces of the front support and the rear support are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the front end and the inner wall of the rear end of the vacuum target chamber, two upper fixing rods of the front support are fixedly connected with two ends of a front ear plate of the upper polar plate through two insulating bolts, and two upper fixing rods of the rear support are fixedly connected with two ends of a rear ear plate of the upper polar plate through two insulating bolts; two lower fixing rods of the front support are fixedly connected with two ends of the front ear plate of the lower polar plate through two insulating bolts, and two lower fixing rods of the rear support are fixedly connected with two ends of the rear ear plate of the lower polar plate through two insulating bolts.
Preferably, the insulating plug is a ceramic isolating plug.
Preferably, the detector device further comprises four signal leading-out rods, and the middle parts of the front ear plate and the rear ear plate of the upper polar plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the two ends of the top of the vacuum target chamber through the two signal leading-out rods; the middle part of the front ear plate and the middle part of the rear ear plate of the lower polar plate are respectively fixedly connected with two ends of the bottom of the vacuum target chamber through two signal leading-out rods.
Preferably, the outer ends of the two upper signal leading-out rods are respectively provided with two upper signal leading-out feed-throughs, and the outer ends of the two lower signal leading-out rods are respectively provided with two lower signal leading-out feed-throughs; the upper signal leading-out feed-through and the lower signal leading-out feed-through are both designed as reducing joints; and a signal wire is arranged in the signal leading-out rod, one end of the signal wire is connected with the upper polar plate or the lower polar plate, and the other end of the signal wire is connected with the upper signal leading-out feed-through or the lower signal leading-out feed-through.
Preferably, the signal transmission circuit further comprises a relay, the relay is a raspberry relay, and the relay is connected with the microwave switch through a wire.
Preferably, the amplifier is a low noise amplifier, and the combiner is an 0/180-degree combiner in a dual-frequency combiner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector, wherein an upper polar plate or a lower polar plate induces an electromagnetic signal which passes through particles, the electromagnetic signal is transmitted to a signal leading-out feed-through which is led out to the outer wall of a vacuum target chamber, the signal enters a combiner after being amplified by an amplifier outside the vacuum target chamber, the signal is combined into a longitudinal signal and a transverse signal through the combiner, and the longitudinal signal and the transverse signal are respectively selected and then displayed by a frequency spectrograph under the control of a microwave switch. The transverse and longitudinal beam schottky signal detector disclosed by the invention has high signal detection sensitivity, can realize remote real-time switching measurement of transverse signals and longitudinal signals through a network, and is greatly convenient for physical personnel to measure and debug the annular accelerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a probe provided by the present invention without an adjustment mount;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a signal detector provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the detector signal output processing provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "left" and "right" are orientations or positional relationships described based on the drawings, and are for convenience of description of the present invention. The terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
It should be noted that "anterior" in the embodiments refers to a direction toward the spine, and "posterior" refers to a direction away from the spine.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provides a schottky signal detector of a transverse and longitudinal beam current, and the structure thereof is described in detail below.
The transverse and longitudinal beam Schottky signal detector comprises a detector device and a signal transmission circuit.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the detector device includes a vacuum target chamber 1, an upper plate 21, a lower plate 22, a front supporter 31, a rear supporter 32, four signal lead-out rods 4, four signal lead-out feed-throughs, eight insulating plugs 6, and a regulating base 7.
The vacuum target chamber 1 is a cylindrical vacuum container with two open ends, the side wall of the vacuum target chamber 1 is fixed on the adjusting base 7 through bolts, a vacuumizing inlet 10 and a vacuumizing outlet 11 are arranged on the vacuum target chamber 1, and the vacuumizing inlet 10 or the vacuumizing outlet 11 is communicated with a vacuum pump for vacuumizing.
The upper polar plate 21 and the lower polar plate 22 both comprise an induction plate 201, two wing plates 202, a front ear plate 203 and a rear ear plate 204, the two wing plates 202 are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the induction plate 201 and are both opened outwards, and the front ear plate 203 and the rear ear plate 204 are respectively fixed on the front end and the rear end of the induction plate 201 and are both deviated from the wing plates 202;
preferably, the two ear plates 203 are perpendicular to two ends of the sensing plate 201, the wing plate 202 and the ear plates 203 are all metal plates easy to conduct electricity, and one sensing plate 201, two wing plates 202, the front ear plate 203 and the back ear plate 204 are integrally formed.
The front bracket 31 and the rear bracket 32 each include an annular fixing member, two upper fixing rods and two lower fixing rods, the two upper fixing rods are fixed to both sides of the upper portion of the annular fixing member, and the two lower fixing rods are fixed to both sides of the lower portion of the annular fixing member.
The upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22 are fixed in the vacuum target chamber 1 along the longitudinal direction of the vacuum target chamber 1, and the sensing plates 201 of the upper plate 21 and the sensing plates 201 of the lower plate 22 are parallel to each other.
Specifically, the annular fixing pieces of the front bracket 31 and the rear bracket 32 are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the front end and the inner wall of the rear end of the vacuum target chamber 1, two upper fixing rods of the front bracket 31 are fixedly connected with two ends of the front ear plate 203 of the upper polar plate 21 through two insulating bolts 6, and two upper fixing rods of the rear bracket 32 are fixedly connected with two ends of the rear ear plate 204 of the upper polar plate 21 through two insulating bolts 6; the middle part of the front ear plate 203 and the middle part of the back ear plate 204 of the upper polar plate 21 are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the top of the vacuum target chamber 1 through two signal leading-out rods 4. Two lower fixing rods of the front bracket 31 are fixedly connected with two ends of a front ear plate 203 of the lower pole plate 22 through two insulating bolts 6, and two lower fixing rods of the rear bracket 32 are fixedly connected with two ends of a rear ear plate 204 of the lower pole plate 22 through two insulating bolts 6; the middle part of the front ear plate 203 and the middle part of the back ear plate 204 of the lower pole plate 22 are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the bottom of the vacuum target chamber 1 through two signal leading-out rods 4.
The four signal leading-out feedthroughs are all arranged on the outer wall of the vacuum target chamber 1 and comprise two upper signal leading-out feedthroughs 51 and two lower signal leading-out feedthroughs 52. Specifically, the outer ends of the two upper signal lead-out bars 4 are provided with two upper signal lead-out feedthroughs 51, respectively, and the outer ends of the two lower signal lead-out bars 4 are provided with two lower signal lead-out feedthroughs 52, respectively.
In order to prevent the signal lead-out feed-through from deforming and connecting and falling off due to vacuum baking, the upper signal lead-out feed-through 51 and the lower signal lead-out feed-through 52 are both designed to be reducing joints.
The wing plate 202 which is opened outwards does not obstruct the normal operation of the charged particles between the upper polar plate 21 and the lower polar plate 22, and can prevent the charged particles from escaping towards two sides, and the front ear plate 203 and the rear ear plate 204 deviate from the wing plate 202, so that the situation that the deformation of the vacuum target chamber 1 caused by high-temperature baking influences the effective transmission of signals is avoided.
Preferably, the insulating bolt 6 is a ceramic isolating bolt made of a ceramic insulating material, the upper electrode plate 21 is insulated and isolated from the front bracket 31, the vacuum target chamber 1, the adjusting base 7 and the like through the insulating bolt 6, and the lower electrode plate 22 is insulated and isolated from the rear bracket 32, the vacuum target chamber 1, the adjusting base 7 and the like through the insulating bolt 6, so that the upper electrode plate 21 and the lower electrode plate 22 are isolated from the ground.
A signal wire is arranged in the signal leading-out rod 4, one end of the signal wire is connected with the upper polar plate 21 or the lower polar plate 22, and the other end of the signal wire is connected with the upper signal leading-out feed-through 51 or the lower signal leading-out feed-through 52. The signal leading-out rod 4 not only can transmit the electromagnetic signal induced by the upper polar plate 21 or the lower polar plate 22 to the signal leading-out feed-through, but also can enhance the stability of the upper polar plate 21 or the lower polar plate 22.
The vacuum target chamber 1 is arranged on a main ring HIRFL-CSRm of a cooling storage ring of the heavy ion accelerator through a regulating base 7. The vacuum target chamber 1 comprises probes, and the probes are required to meet the requirements of offline vacuum baking at 280 ℃, 72 hours and online vacuum baking at 280 ℃ before installation, so as to realize 5 x 10-12Ultra high vacuum requirement of mBar.
Referring to fig. 4, the signal transmission circuit includes two amplifiers, a combiner, a microwave switch, a relay, and a spectrometer, wherein the amplifiers are low noise amplifiers. The combiner is an 0/180-degree combiner in the dual-frequency combiner and comprises two input ends A, B, a longitudinal signal output end C and a transverse signal output end D, wherein the longitudinal signal output end C is a 0-degree output end of the combiner and is used for outputting a beam Schottky longitudinal sum signal, and the transverse signal output end D is a 180-degree output end of the combiner and is used for outputting a beam Schottky transverse difference signal.
The microwave switch is essentially a single-pole double-throw change-over switch, is the prior art, is an important electromechanical element in military system engineering, and has the principle that an electromagnetic driving system is excited to generate thrust on rectangular microstrip lines, so that one group of rectangular microstrip lines are separated from a high-frequency coaxial socket under the action of a spring to realize signal disconnection, and when the excitation is removed, the switch returns to the original state, and comprises two input ports and an output port, wherein referring to fig. 4, the two input ports are a first input interface 100 and a second input interface 200, and the output port is an output interface 300.
The inputs of the two amplifiers are connected to an upper signal lead-out feed-through 51 and a lower signal lead-out feed-through 52,
the output terminals of the two amplifiers are respectively connected to the two input terminals A, B of the combiner,
the longitudinal signal output terminal C and the transverse signal output terminal D of the combiner are respectively connected with the first input interface 100 and the second input interface 200 of the microwave switch,
the output interface 300 of the microwave switch is connected with the frequency spectrograph;
the relay is a raspberry relay, which is a prior art, the relay is connected with the microwave switch through a wire, and the relay generates high and low levels through supplying power to the microwave switch, so that the output interface 300 is connected with the first input interface 100 or the second input interface 200.
Signals output from the upper signal lead-out feed-through 51 and the lower signal lead-out feed-through 52 are amplified by amplifiers and then input to a combiner;
when the output interface 300 of the microwave switch is connected with the first input interface 100, the output beam schottky longitudinal sum signal is transmitted from the longitudinal signal output end C of the combiner to the frequency spectrograph, and the frequency spectrograph displays the schottky longitudinal signal of the charged particles flowing between the upper polar plate 21 and the lower polar plate 22 in the vacuum target chamber 1;
when the output interface 300 of the microwave switch is connected to the second input interface 200, the output beam schottky transverse difference signal is transmitted from the transverse signal output end D of the combiner to the frequency spectrograph, and the frequency spectrograph displays the schottky transverse signal of the charged particles flowing between the upper polar plate 21 and the lower polar plate 22 in the vacuum target chamber 1;
in order to reduce noise input and improve signal sensitivity, the input terminal of the amplifier is connected with the upper signal lead-out feed-through 51 or the lower signal lead-out feed-through 52 at a distance as short as possible, and the amplifier selects a high impedance amplifier among low noise amplifiers.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A transverse and longitudinal beam Schottky signal detector is characterized by comprising a detector device and a signal transmission circuit,
the detector device comprises a vacuum target chamber (1), an upper polar plate (21), a lower polar plate and a plurality of signal leading-out feed-throughs,
the upper pole plate (21) and the lower pole plate (22) respectively comprise an induction plate (201), two wing plates (202), a front ear plate (203) and a rear ear plate (204), the two wing plates (202) are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the induction plate (201) and are respectively outwards opened, and the front ear plate (203) and the rear ear plate (204) are respectively fixed on the front end and the rear end of the induction plate (201) and are respectively deviated from the wing plates (202);
the upper polar plate (21) and the lower polar plate (22) are fixed in the vacuum target chamber (1) along the longitudinal direction of the vacuum target chamber (1), and the induction plate (201) of the upper polar plate (21) is parallel to the induction plate (201) of the lower polar plate (22);
the signal leading-out feed-throughs are arranged on the outer wall of the vacuum target chamber (1) and comprise a plurality of upper signal leading-out feed-throughs (51) and a plurality of lower signal leading-out feed-throughs (52), the front ear plate (203) and the rear ear plate (204) of the upper polar plate (21) are respectively connected with the upper signal leading-out feed-throughs (51), and the front ear plate (203) and the rear ear plate (204) of the lower polar plate (22) are respectively connected with the lower signal leading-out feed-throughs (52);
the signal transmission circuit comprises two amplifiers, a combiner, a microwave switch and a frequency spectrometer, wherein the combiner comprises two input ends (A, B), a longitudinal signal output end (C) and a transverse signal output end (D), the microwave switch comprises a first input interface (100), a second input interface (200) and an output interface (300),
the input ends of the two amplifiers are connected to an upper signal lead-out feed-through (51) and a lower signal lead-out feed-through (52);
the output ends of the two amplifiers are respectively connected to two input ends (A, B) of the combiner, and a longitudinal signal output end (C) and a transverse signal output end (D) of the combiner are respectively connected with a first input interface (100) and a second input interface (200) of the microwave switch;
and an output interface (300) of the microwave switch is connected with the frequency spectrograph.
2. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 1,
the sensing plate (201), pterygoid lamina (202) and otic placode (203) are the metal sheet and an induction plate (201), two pterygoid laminas (202), preceding otic placode (203) and back otic placode (204) integrated into one piece that easily conduct electricity.
3. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 1,
the detector device also comprises a front bracket (31), a rear bracket (32) and a plurality of insulating bolts (6),
the front support (31) and the rear support (32) both comprise an annular fixing piece, two upper fixing rods and two lower fixing rods, the two upper fixing rods are respectively fixed on two sides of the upper part of the annular fixing piece, and the two lower fixing rods are respectively fixed on two sides of the lower part of the annular fixing piece;
the annular fixing pieces of the front support (31) and the rear support (32) are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the front end and the inner wall of the rear end of the vacuum target chamber (1), two upper fixing rods of the front support (31) are fixedly connected with two ends of a front lug plate (203) of the upper pole plate (21) through two insulating bolts (6), and two upper fixing rods of the rear support (32) are fixedly connected with two ends of a rear lug plate (204) of the upper pole plate (21) through two insulating bolts (6);
two lower fixing rods of the front support (31) are fixedly connected with two ends of a front lug plate (203) of the lower pole plate (22) through two insulating bolts (6), and two lower fixing rods of the rear support (32) are fixedly connected with two ends of a rear lug plate (204) of the lower pole plate (22) through two insulating bolts (6).
4. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector according to claim 3,
the insulating bolt (6) is a ceramic isolating bolt.
5. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 1,
the detector device also comprises four signal leading-out rods (4),
the middle part of a front lug plate (203) and the middle part of a rear lug plate (204) of the upper polar plate (21) are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the top of the vacuum target chamber (1) through two signal leading-out rods (4);
the middle part of the front ear plate (203) and the middle part of the rear ear plate (204) of the lower pole plate (22) are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the bottom of the vacuum target chamber (1) through two signal leading-out rods (4).
6. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 5,
the outer ends of the two upper signal leading-out rods (4) are respectively provided with two upper signal leading-out feed-throughs (51), and the outer ends of the two lower signal leading-out rods (4) are respectively provided with two lower signal leading-out feed-throughs (52);
the upper signal lead-out feed-through (51) and the lower signal lead-out feed-through (52) are both designed as reducer joints;
and a signal wire is arranged in the signal leading-out rod (4), one end of the signal wire is connected with the upper polar plate (21) or the lower polar plate (22), and the other end of the signal wire is connected with the upper signal leading-out feed-through (51) or the lower signal leading-out feed-through (52).
7. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 1,
the signal transmission circuit also comprises a relay which is a raspberry relay,
the relay is connected with the microwave switch through a lead.
8. The transverse and longitudinal beam current Schottky signal detector as claimed in claim 1,
the amplifier is a low noise amplifier and the amplifier is a low noise amplifier,
the combiner is an 0/180-degree combiner in the dual-frequency combiner.
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| CN111796319A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-20 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Broadband imaginary part beam coupling impedance measurement system and method |
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| CN113031047A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Bidirectional residual gas ionization profile detector system and detection method thereof |
| CN113031047B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-11-08 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Bidirectional residual gas ionization profile detector system and detection method thereof |
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