CN111208433A - Method and device for identifying parameters of second-order RC equivalent circuit model of battery - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model; determining terminal voltage, current, ohmic drop and polarization voltage of the battery and establishing a first equation; performing discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation, wherein the second equation has known quantity and state equations, so as to obtain a third equation; estimating the known quantity through a parameter identification algorithm based on the third equation, thereby obtaining an estimated value of the known quantity; and obtaining the model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity. The device comprises an establishing module, a formula module, a calculating module, an identifying module and an estimating module. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can quickly and accurately estimate the model parameters of the battery in real time, and further evaluate the performance of the battery on the basis of the estimation, thereby providing guarantee for the normal work of the battery and the use safety of equipment.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of battery detection, in particular to a method and a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery.
[ background of the invention ]
It is estimated that 2030 a new energy automobile worldwide will declare the decommissioning of power batteries at a speed of 108 GWh/year, at which time the power batteries that i country will be decommissioned will also reach 30% of the global total. Although these retired power cells have not been able to be used in electric vehicles, they also retain at least 80% of their capacity. If the ex-service batteries are screened and recombined and used in the fields of micro-grids, energy storage, communication, electric tools and the like, the environmental pollution can be reduced, the operation cost of enterprises can be reduced, and a huge social value is created.
How to ensure the safety of the battery in the echelon utilization depends on accurately, quickly and real-timely estimating the state parameters of the battery. And accurate estimation of the model of the battery is required to obtain the state parameters of the battery. Traditional methods of estimating battery models rely primarily on discrete tests: (1) the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is required to be sufficiently left to measure the terminal voltage of the battery. (2) Other model parameter calculation methods need to be obtained by using the change of the voltage and the current of the battery and the influence of zero input and zero state of the battery. Therefore, no good method exists for realizing real-time, quick and accurate estimation of the battery model parameters at present.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, so as to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, including the following steps: establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model; determining terminal voltage U, current I, open circuit voltage U of the batteryOCVOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establishing a first program
Performing a discretization and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2), the second equation having a known quantity θ ═ OCV α β γ λ η]TAnd equation of state
Thereby obtaining the third party program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2Is a polarization resistance, Cp1、Cp2Is a polarization capacitor; estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on the third equation, so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta; and obtaining the model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
Through the scheme provided by the embodiment, the battery model parameters can be estimated quickly and accurately in real time, the performance of the battery is further evaluated on the basis, and guarantee is provided for normal work of the battery and use safety of equipment.
In a preferred embodiment, the parameter identification algorithm comprises a least squares algorithm, a recursive augmented least squares algorithm, and a recursive least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor.
Through the scheme provided by the embodiment, the method for identifying the parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery can be applied to various algorithms for identification operation.
At one endIn a preferred embodiment, said estimation is performed using a recursive least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor, comprising the steps of: carrying out N times of observation on the voltage and the current of the battery, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; determining the known quantity θ and a covariance matrix PNAn initial value of (d); determining a forgetting factor p, where 0<Rho is less than or equal to 1; calculating a gain matrix
Calculating an estimate of the known quantity θ
Computing a covariance matrix
Wherein I is an identity matrix; and repeatedly calculating the gain matrix, the estimation value of the known quantity theta and the covariance matrix until N times of observation are finished to obtain the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
By the scheme provided by the embodiment, the estimation value of the known quantity theta is calculated step by using iterative operation.
In a preferred embodiment, the first n observations are selected, where n is<N, using operation formula to obtain the known quantity theta and covariance matrix PNAnd calculating the known quantity theta by using a recursive augmented least square algorithm from the n +1 th time, wherein the operation formula is
Through the scheme provided by the embodiment, the known quantity theta is calculated by using a recursion amplification least square algorithm, and the calculation speed and accuracy are improved.
In a preferred embodiment, an initial value θ of said known quantity θ is defined0＝[0 0 0 0 0 0]TThe covariance matrix PNInitial value of (P)0＝σ2I, where I is a 6 x 6 identity matrix,σ2≥106。
by the scheme provided by the embodiment, an initial value for iterative operation is defined by using a method for defining the initial value, and the advantage is that the calculation resource for calculating the initial value is saved.
In a preferred embodiment, the model parameters include open circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarization capacitance.
By the scheme provided by the embodiment, various battery states including but not limited to a state of charge, a power state and a state of health can be further estimated.
In a preferred embodiment, the model parameter is
By the scheme provided by the embodiment, the open-circuit voltage U is respectively obtainedOCVOhmic internal resistance RoPolarization capacitance Cp1、Cp2Polarization resistance Rp1、Rp2And each parameter is used for completing the calculation of the identification of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model parameter of the battery so as to obtain the basic parameter of the battery state.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, including: the establishing module is used for establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model; a formula module for determining terminal voltage U, current I and open circuit voltage U of the batteryOCVOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establishing a first program
A calculating module, for performing discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2), where θ ═ OCV α β γ λ η]TAnd equation of state
Thereby obtaining the third party program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2Is a polarization resistance, Cp1、Cp2Is a polarization capacitor; the identification module is used for estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on the third equation so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta; and the estimation module is used for obtaining the model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
According to the scheme provided by the embodiment, the estimation of the battery model parameters is processed by the five modules together, so that the battery state can be quickly estimated on the basis, the battery performance is further evaluated, and the guarantee is provided for the normal work of the battery and the use safety of equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method and the device for identifying the model parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit of the battery disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can provide support for battery state estimation, are not only suitable for estimating the model parameters of a single battery and/or estimating the battery model parameters of the whole battery pack, but also suitable for identifying the model parameters of each single battery in a serial-parallel connection mode of a plurality of batteries, and are suitable for estimating the second-order RC equivalent circuit model parameters of any battery, wherein the battery comprises but not limited to a dry battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium ion battery, a fuel battery and the like. The estimation method can be applied to estimation of various battery states, including but not limited to state of charge (SOC), state of power (SOP), and state of health (SOH).
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model in the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of estimating parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model by using a recursive least square algorithm with a forgetting factor in the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model in the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of estimating parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model by using a recursive least square algorithm with a forgetting factor in the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, embodiment 1 of the present invention discloses a method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, which includes the following steps: establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model; determining terminal voltage U, current I, open circuit voltage U of batteryocvOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establish the first equation
Performing discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation
U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2) (equation 2),
the second equation has a known quantity θ
θ＝[OCV α β γ λ η]T
And equation of state
Wherein, if the model parameter is regarded as the quantity to be obtained, the model parameter can be expressed by the known quantity theta
Thereby respectively obtaining open-circuit voltages UOCVOhmic internal resistance RoPolarization capacitance Cp1、Cp2Polarization resistance Rp1、Rp2And each parameter is used for completing the calculation of the identification of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model parameter of the battery so as to obtain the basic parameter of the battery state.
Thereby obtaining the third program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2Is a polarization resistance, Cp1、Cp2Is a polarization capacitor; estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on a third equation so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta; model parameters are derived from the estimated value of the known quantity θ.
The method for identifying the parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery in this embodiment 1 can estimate the parameters of the battery model in real time, quickly, and accurately, and then evaluate the performance of the battery on the basis, thereby providing a guarantee for the normal operation of the battery and the use safety of the device.
In the method for identifying parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery in this embodiment 1, the parameter identification algorithm includes a least square algorithm, a recursive augmented least square algorithm, and a recursive least square algorithm with a forgetting factor.
In the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery in embodiment 1, the method for estimating parameters of a battery model of the present invention can be applied to various algorithms for identification operation.
In the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery in this embodiment 1, estimating is performed by using a recursive least square algorithm with a forgetting factor, which includes the following steps:
carrying out N times of observation on the voltage and the current of the battery, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
determining a known quantity theta and a covariance matrix PNAn initial value of (d);
wherein a known quantity theta and a covariance matrix P are determinedNThe initial value of (c) has the following two methods.
Method 1, in the method for identifying parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery in this embodiment 1, the previous n observations are selected, where n is<N, using operation formula to obtain known quantity theta and covariance matrix PNThen using a recursive augmented least square algorithm to calculate the known quantity theta from the n +1 th time, wherein the operation formula is
The method 1 utilizes a recursion amplification least square algorithm to calculate the known quantity theta, and improves the calculation speed and accuracy.
Method 2, in the method for identifying parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery in this embodiment 1, a known quantity is definedInitial value of theta0＝[0 0 0 0 0 0]TCovariance matrix PNInitial value of (P)0＝σ2I, where I is a 6 × 6 identity matrix, σ2≥106. The method 2 utilizes the method of defining the initial value, firstly defines an initial value for iterative operation, and has the advantage of saving the computing resource for computing the initial value.
Determining a forgetting factor rho, wherein 0< rho is less than or equal to 1;
calculating a gain matrix
Calculating an estimate of the known quantity theta
Computing a covariance matrix
Wherein I is an identity matrix;
and repeatedly calculating the gain matrix, the estimated value of the known quantity theta and the covariance matrix until N times of observation are finished to obtain the estimated value of the known quantity theta.
The method for identifying parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit model of the battery in this embodiment 1 gradually calculates the estimated value of the known quantity θ by using iterative operation.
As shown in fig. 3, when estimating the known quantity θ by using the recursive least square algorithm with forgetting factor, the current and the voltage are sampled for 1 st time, and then the known quantity θ and the covariance matrix P are initialized according to method 1 or method 2NDetermining a forgetting factor p, where 0<And P is less than or equal to 1, sampling the current and the voltage for the ith-i +1 time, calculating a gain matrix G (i +1) according to a formula 7, calculating a parameter theta (i +1) to be estimated according to a formula 8, calculating a covariance matrix P (i +1) according to a formula 9, judging whether the i-N is satisfied, if not, returning to the current and the voltage to continue sampling for the ith-i +1 time, repeating the steps until the i-N is satisfied, and calculating parameters of an RC second-order equivalent circuit model according to a formula 3.
In the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery in this embodiment 1, the model parameters include open-circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, and polarization capacitance.
In the method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery in this embodiment 1, the model parameters of the battery are further utilized to estimate various battery states, including but not limited to a state of charge, a power state, and a state of health.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery, including: the establishing module is used for establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model; a formula module for determining terminal voltage U, current I and open-circuit voltage U of the batteryocvOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establishing a first program
A calculating module, for performing discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2), where the second equation has a known quantity θ ═ OCV α β γ λ η]TAnd equation of state
Thereby obtaining the third party program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2Is a polarization resistance, Cp1、Cp2Is a polarization capacitor; the identification module is used for estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on a third equation so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta; and the estimation module is used for obtaining model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
Specifically, the establishing module is in communication with the formula module, the formula module is in communication with the calculating module and the identifying module, the calculating module is in communication with the identifying module, and the identifying module is in communication with the estimating module.
The battery model parameter estimation device of this embodiment 2 utilizes five modules to handle battery model parameter estimation jointly, estimates out the battery state fast on this basis, and then evaluates battery performance, provides the guarantee for the normal work of battery and the safe in utilization of equipment.
The method and the device for identifying the model parameters of the second-order RC equivalent circuit of the battery disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can provide support for estimating the state of the battery, are not only suitable for estimating the model parameters of a single battery and/or estimating the model parameters of the battery of the whole battery pack, but also suitable for identifying the model parameters of each single battery in a series-parallel connection mode of a plurality of batteries, are suitable for estimating the second-order RC equivalent circuit model parameters of any battery, and can be applied to estimation of various battery states including but not limited to a charge state, a power state and a health state, wherein the batteries include but not limited to dry batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries, fuel batteries and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model;
determining terminal voltage U, current I, open circuit voltage U of the batteryOCVOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establishing a first program
Performing discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2),
the second equation has a known quantity θ ═ OCV αβ γ λ η]TAnd equation of state
Thereby obtaining the third party program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2Is a polarization resistance, Cp1、Cp2Is a polarization capacitor;
estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on the third equation, so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta;
and obtaining the model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
2. The method for parameter identification of a battery second-order RC equivalent circuit model according to claim 1, wherein the parameter identification algorithm comprises a least squares algorithm, a recursive augmented least squares algorithm, and a recursive least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor.
3. The method for identifying parameters of a battery second-order RC equivalent circuit model according to claim 2, wherein said estimating is performed using a recursive least squares algorithm with a forgetting factor, comprising the steps of:
carrying out N times of observation on the voltage and the current of the battery, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
determining the known quantity θ and a covariance matrix PNAn initial value of (d);
determining a forgetting factor rho, wherein 0< rho is less than or equal to 1;
calculating a gain matrix
Calculating an estimate of the known quantity θ
Computing a covariance matrix
WhereinI is an identity matrix;
and repeatedly calculating the gain matrix, the estimation value of the known quantity theta and the covariance matrix until N times of observation are finished to obtain the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first n observations are selected, where n is the number of first-order RC equivalent circuit model parameters<N, using operation formula to obtain the known quantity theta and covariance matrix PNAnd calculating the known quantity theta by using a recursive augmented least square algorithm from the n +1 th time, wherein the operation formula is
5. The method of claim 3, wherein an initial value θ of the known quantity θ is defined0＝[0 0 0 0 0 0]TThe covariance matrix PNInitial value of (P)0＝σ2I, where I is a 6 × 6 identity matrix, σ2≥106。
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the model parameters include open circuit voltage, ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, and polarization capacitance.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the model parameters are model parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit of the battery
8. A device for identifying parameters of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model of a battery is characterized by comprising the following components:
the establishing module is used for establishing a second-order RC equivalent circuit model;
a formula module for determining terminal voltage U, current I and open circuit voltage U of the batteryOCVOhmic drop RoI and polarization voltage Up1And Up2And establishing a first program
A calculating module, configured to perform discrete operation and transformation operation on the first equation to obtain a second equation U (k) ═ OCV + α U (k-1) + β U (k-2) + γ I (k) + λ I (k-1) + η I (k-2),
the second equation has a known quantity θ ═ OCV α β γ λ η]TAnd equation of state
Thereby obtaining the third party program
Wherein OCV is (1-a)1-a2+a1a2)Uocv(k)，α＝a1+a2，β＝-a1a2，γ＝Ro+b1+b2，λ＝-(a2b1+a1b2+a1Ro+a2Ro)，η＝a1a2Ro，
τ1＝Rp1Cp1，
τ2＝Rp2Cp2，TsTo sample time, RoIs ohmic internal resistance, Rp1、Rp2In order to be the polarization resistance,Cp1、Cp2is a polarization capacitor;
the identification module is used for estimating the known quantity theta through a parameter identification algorithm based on the third equation so as to obtain an estimated value of the known quantity theta;
and the estimation module is used for obtaining the model parameters according to the estimation value of the known quantity theta.
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| CN111983467A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Battery safety degree estimation method and estimation device based on second-order RC equivalent circuit model |
| CN112733479A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 华人运通(江苏)技术有限公司 | Method, device and medium for calculating model parameters of single battery |
| CN112986848A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-18 | 力高(山东)新能源技术有限公司 | Method for estimating SOH of power battery |
| CN113391212A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-14 | 山东大学 | Lithium ion battery equivalent circuit parameter online identification method and system |
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