CN111208008A - Safety protection method for hydrogen storage cylinder fire test - Google Patents
Safety protection method for hydrogen storage cylinder fire test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111208008A CN111208008A CN201811389502.2A CN201811389502A CN111208008A CN 111208008 A CN111208008 A CN 111208008A CN 201811389502 A CN201811389502 A CN 201811389502A CN 111208008 A CN111208008 A CN 111208008A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000017899 Spathodea campanulata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000027321 Lychnis chalcedonica Species 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety protection of hydrogen storage container tests, and particularly relates to a safety protection method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder under a burning test condition. The safety protection method for the hydrogen storage cylinder fire test mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing and installing protective measures; secondly, calculating a test safety distance; and thirdly, calculating the test fireproof distance. And in the first step, safety protection measures are established and installed around the burning test device. The second step includes: calculating gas expansion energy of the hydrogen storage cylinder, converting the expansion energy into TNT equivalent, calculating TNT equivalent of hydrogen explosion, calculating TNT equivalent of fuel tank explosion, calculating total TNT equivalent, and calculating test safety distance under the total TNT equivalent. The third step includes: calculating the radius of the hydrogen explosion fireball, calculating the radius of the fuel explosion fireball, and calculating the fire-proof distance of the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety protection of hydrogen storage container tests, and relates to a safety protection method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder under a burning test condition.
Background
GB/T35544 and 2017 'carbon fiber fully-wound gas cylinder with compressed hydrogen aluminum alloy liner for vehicles', the gas cylinder is subjected to a fire test, a filling medium of the gas cylinder adopts hydrogen or air, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage gas cylinder is required to undergo two fire processes of local fire and integral fire. However, a test cylinder having poor fire resistance is highly likely to explode during a fire test, which results in a high test risk. Therefore, establishing safety protection measures for the burning test and determining the safety distance of the burning test are extremely important for guaranteeing the personal safety of testers.
The foreign advanced hydrogen energy countries adopt hydrogen as a reloading medium to carry out a fire test at present, so that the real use condition of the gas cylinder can be simulated, and the detection result is more credible. The current test conditions in China are limited, air can be used as a filling medium for a while, and the mode of hydrogen is developed in future. The danger of the fire test by adopting hydrogen as a filling medium is far higher than that of air. Therefore, the safety protection measures and the safety distance of the fire test are determined under the most dangerous condition that hydrogen is used as a gas cylinder filling medium to carry out the fire test, and the PRD and the safety protection system are in failure and high-pressure hydrogen in the cylinder cannot be discharged.
Disclosure of Invention
In the process of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder fire test, the number of explosion sources is mainly two: one is a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and the other is a fuel tank (taking liquefied petroleum gas as an example) for providing fuel. The two parts are exploded, the danger mainly comprises explosion fragments, pressure waves and explosion fireballs, and the three factors are respectively subjected to safety protection.
A safety protection method for a hydrogen storage cylinder fire test comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing and installing protective measures;
the second step is that: calculating a test safety distance;
the third step: and calculating the test fire-proof distance.
In the first step, safety protection measures are established and installed around the burning test device and are used for protecting explosion fragments under the condition that the hydrogen storage cylinder in the burning test is exploded and protecting explosion pressure waves to a certain extent.
The protection measures comprise a pit, a top explosion-proof iron net, an explosion-proof wall, a sand bag and the like.
The second step as described above specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1, calculating the gas expansion energy of the hydrogen storage cylinder:
the gas expansion energy can be obtained from the following equation:
in the formula: eExpansion of-gas expansion energy, MJ;
Pb-the burst pressure, MPa, of the test cylinder during the explosion;
P0atmospheric pressure, MPa, of the test site;
V1water volume of the test cylinder, m3；
γ1The ratio of the constant-pressure specific heat capacity to the constant-volume specific heat capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen in the bottle under the explosion condition.
Step 2.2 treatment of the expansion energy EExpansion ofConversion to TNT equivalent WExpansion ofThe formula is as follows:
in the formula: wExpansion of-swelling energy TNT equivalent, kg;
Eexpansion of-gas expansion energy, MJ;
k is TNT explosion energy conversion coefficient, 4.19 MJ/kg;
step 2.3 calculation of TNT equivalent W for Hydrogen explosionExplosion 1：
The TNT equivalent for hydrogen explosion was determined as follows:
Wexplosion 1＝α·mHydrogen gas
In the formula: wExplosion 1-hydrogen explosion TNT equivalent, kg;
mhydrogen gas-mass of hydrogen in cylinder, kg;
α TNT equivalent conversion factor.
Step 2.4 calculate TNT equivalent W of explosion of fuel tankExplosion 2：
The explosive TNT equivalent of the fuel tank was determined as follows:
Wexplosion 2＝β·mFuel
In the formula: wExplosion 2-explosive TNT equivalent of fuel tank, kg;
mfuel-maximum reserve of fuel, kg;
β TNT equivalent conversion factor.
Step 2.5 Total TNT equivalent WGeneral assembly：
WGeneral assembly＝WExpansion of+WExplosion 1+WExplosion 2
Step 2.6 calculation of TNT equivalent WGeneral assemblyTest safety distance of:
according to a TNT explosion peak overpressure calculation formula:
in the formula: ps-TNT equivalent W (kg), overpressure at a distance R (m), MPa;
respectively calculating to obtain P in the two formulassThe value of R is less than or equal to 0.005MPa, and the larger of the two values is taken as the safety distance RSecurity。
The third step as described above specifically includes the following steps:
step 3.1, calculating the radius of the hydrogen explosion fireball:
the hydrogen explosion fireball radius formula is as follows:
Rhydrogen gas＝δ·mHydrogen gas 1/3
In the formula: rHydrogen gasHydrogen explosion fireball radius, m;
mhydrogen gas-mass of hydrogen in bottle, kg;
delta-coefficient of calculation.
Step 3.2, calculating the radius of the fuel explosion fireball:
fuel fireball radius formula:
Rfuel＝θ·mFuel 1/3
In the formula: rFuel-fuel fireball radius, m;
mfuel-fuel mass, kg.
Theta-coefficient of calculation.
Step 3.3, calculating the test fire-proof distance:
the fireproof distance is as follows:
Rfire protection＝ε·R max
In the formula: rFire protection-fire distance, m;
R max——Rhydrogen gasAnd RFuelThe larger of the two, m;
ε -the coefficient of computation.
By the safety protection method, effective safety protection measures can be set, reasonable safety distance and fire-proof distance can be set, and the safe and smooth running of the hydrogen storage cylinder fire test can be guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the safety protection method for the hydrogen storage cylinder in the burning test of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
Take a certain hydrogen storage test cylinder as an example.
Firstly, safety protection measures are established and installed around the burning test device, and are used for protecting explosion fragments under the condition that the hydrogen storage cylinder in the burning test is exploded and protecting explosion pressure waves to a certain extent.
The protection measures comprise a pit, a top explosion-proof iron net, an explosion-proof wall, a sand bag and the like.
The second step is that:
step 2.1, calculating the gas expansion energy of the hydrogen storage cylinder:
the gas expansion energy can be obtained from the following equation:
in the formula: eExpansion of-gas expansion energy, MJ;
Pb-the burst pressure, MPa, of the test cylinder during the explosion;
P0atmospheric pressure, MPa, of the test site;
V1water volume of the test cylinder, m3；
γ1The ratio of the constant-pressure specific heat capacity to the constant-volume specific heat capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen in the bottle under the explosion condition.
Step 2.2 treatment of the expansion energy EExpansion ofConversion to TNT equivalent WExpansion ofThe formula is as follows:
in the formula: wExpansion of-swelling energy TNT equivalent, kg;
Eexpansion of-gas expansion energy, MJ;
k is TNT explosion energy conversion coefficient, 4.19 MJ/kg;
step 2.3 calculation of TNT equivalent W for Hydrogen explosionExplosion 1：
The TNT equivalent for hydrogen explosion was determined as follows:
Wexplosion 1＝α·mHydrogen gas
In the formula: wExplosion 1-hydrogen explosion TNT equivalent, kg;
mhydrogen gas-mass of hydrogen in cylinder, kg;
α TNT equivalent conversion factor.
Step 2.4 calculate TNT equivalent W of explosion of fuel tankExplosion 2：
The explosive TNT equivalent of the fuel tank was determined as follows:
Wexplosion 2＝β·mFuel
In the formula: wExplosion 2-explosive TNT equivalent of fuel tank, kg;
mfuel-maximum reserve of fuel, kg;
β TNT equivalent conversion factor.
Step 2.5 Total TNT equivalent WGeneral assembly：
WGeneral assembly＝WExpansion of+WExplosion 1+WExplosion 2
Step 2.6 calculation of TNT equivalent WGeneral assemblyTest safety distance of:
according to a TNT explosion peak overpressure calculation formula:
in the formula: ps-TNT equivalent W (kg), overpressure at a distance R (m), MPa;
respectively calculating to obtain P in the two formulassThe value of R is less than or equal to 0.005MPa, and the larger of the two values is taken as the safety distance RSecurity。
The third step:
step 3.1, calculating the radius of the hydrogen explosion fireball:
the hydrogen explosion fireball radius formula is as follows:
Rhydrogen gas＝δ·mHydrogen gas 1/3
In the formula: rHydrogen gasHydrogen explosion fireball radius, m;
mhydrogen gas-mass of hydrogen in bottle, kg;
delta-coefficient of calculation.
Step 3.2, calculating the radius of the fuel explosion fireball:
fuel fireball radius formula:
Rfuel＝θ·mFuel 1/3
In the formula: rFuel-fuel fireball radius, m;
mfuel-fuel mass, kg.
Theta-coefficient of calculation.
Step 3.3, calculating the test fire-proof distance:
the fireproof distance is as follows:
Rfire protection＝ε·R max
In the formula: rFire protection-fire distance, m;
R max——Rhydrogen gasAnd RFuelThe larger of the two, m;
ε -the coefficient of computation.
Claims (6)
1. A safety protection method for a hydrogen storage cylinder fire test mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing and installing protective measures; secondly, calculating a test safety distance; and thirdly, calculating the test fireproof distance.
2. In a first step according to claim 1, safety precautions are established and installed around the flame test device.
3. Safety precautions according to claim 2 include pits, top blast screens, blast walls, sandbags and the like.
4. The second step of claim 1, comprising: calculating gas expansion energy of the hydrogen storage cylinder, converting the expansion energy into TNT equivalent, calculating TNT equivalent of hydrogen explosion, calculating TNT equivalent of fuel tank explosion, calculating total TNT equivalent, and calculating test safety distance under the total TNT equivalent.
5. A third step according to claim 1, comprising: calculating the radius of the hydrogen explosion fireball, calculating the radius of the fuel explosion fireball, and calculating the fire-proof distance of the test.
6. The experimental safety distance under total TNT equivalent of claim 4, calculated according to the TNT explosion peak overpressure calculation formula:
in the formula: ps-TNT equivalent W (kg), overpressure at a distance R (m), MPa;
respectively calculating to obtain P in the two formulassThe value of R is less than or equal to 0.005MPa, and the larger of the two values is taken as the safety distance RSecurity。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811389502.2A CN111208008A (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | Safety protection method for hydrogen storage cylinder fire test |
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| CN201811389502.2A CN111208008A (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | Safety protection method for hydrogen storage cylinder fire test |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113311018A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳大三体安全科技有限公司 | Fire simulation test device for hydrogen storage system and test safety distance determination method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113311018A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳大三体安全科技有限公司 | Fire simulation test device for hydrogen storage system and test safety distance determination method |
| CN113311018B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-06-28 | 深圳大三体安全科技有限公司 | Hydrogen storage system fire simulation test device and test safety distance determination method |
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