CN111206920A - Natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a natural deviation rule evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring the characteristics of a drilled stratum, the inclination measuring data of a well track and the directional deflecting characteristics of a deflecting tool by collecting geological data and drilling data; determining a spatial form of the borehole trajectory based on the inclinometry data and the borehole trajectory model; obtaining a toolface angle and a toolbuild rate based on the drilled data; characterizing contributions of directional whiplash characteristics of the whiplash tool to a well whiplash rate of change and an azimuth rate of change; characterizing contributions of natural formation deflection characteristics to a well deflection change rate and an azimuth change rate of a well track; transforming the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the transformation relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system; and repeating the steps for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple drilled wells to obtain a stratum natural deviation rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum representation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas well engineering, in particular to a natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization.
Background
The stratum has anisotropy and natural deflecting characteristics. The natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum exists objectively and can only be effectively utilized but cannot be controlled. The research on the natural deviation rule of the stratum has important significance on the design, monitoring and control of the well track. In the aspect of well track design, three-dimensional drift track design can be carried out based on the natural deviation rule of the stratum, so that drilling and target centering can be realized by utilizing the natural deviation rule of the stratum. The method can reduce the operation of twisting azimuth, is beneficial to the rapid drilling under large drilling pressure, improves the well quality and reduces the drilling cost. In the aspect of borehole trajectory prediction and control, the natural deviation rule of the stratum is a precondition, and the natural deviation rule of the stratum must be obtained in advance to effectively predict and control the borehole trajectory.
The stratum rock mass has orthogonal anisotropy, and physical and mechanical properties such as load resistance strength, hardness and drillability along the normal direction, the inclination and the trend of the stratum are different from each other. In addition, the formation natural whiplash properties are also closely related to the formation layering and borehole direction, and ultimately manifest as borehole trajectory angle and azimuth changes. Because orthotropic formations are considered to have the same physical and mechanical properties along the normal, dip and strike directions of the formation, it is more regular to characterize natural whipstock characteristics based on the formation.
However, at present, only the anisotropy of the stratum can be evaluated, and a method for acquiring the natural deviation rule of the stratum is not available, so that research and solution of the technical problem are urgently needed to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of borehole trajectory design, monitoring and control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring drilled stratum characteristics, inclination measurement data of a well track and directional deviation characteristics of a deviation tool by collecting geological data and drilling data, wherein the stratum characteristics comprise a stratum inclination angle and a stratum trend, the inclination measurement data comprise a well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle, and the directional deviation characteristics comprise a tool deviation rate and a tool face angle;
s2, determining a well inclination change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination measurement data and the well trajectory model so as to represent the change rules of the well inclination change rate, the azimuth change rate and the well inclination angle along the well depth;
s3, acquiring a tool build rate and a tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data to obtain a tool build rate equation and a tool face angle equation, wherein the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation are used for representing the directional build rate characteristic of a build tool and the change rule of the build tool along the well depth;
s4, calculating a tool well slope and a tool azimuth based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation to characterize the contribution of directional build characteristics of the deflecting tool to the well slope rate and the azimuth rate;
s5, obtaining stratum well slope and stratum orientation rate based on the space deflection form of the well track and the directional deflection characteristics of the deflecting tool to represent the contribution of the natural deflection characteristics of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the orientation change rate of the well track, wherein the space deflection form is characterized by the well slope change rate and the orientation change rate of the well track;
s6, converting the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the conversion relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system;
s7, repeating the steps S2-S6 for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple wells, and calculating the stratum inclination build-up rate, the stratum trend build-up rate and the stratum normal build-up rate of each stratum through statistical analysis to obtain a stratum natural build-up rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization.
According to the natural deviation rule evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of determining the well deviation change rate equation and the azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination data and the well trajectory model,
establishing the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation based on a modeling method of a well track, wherein the well track model comprises a space circular arc model, a cylindrical spiral model and a natural curve model, and the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation in the following forms are obtained:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappaαWell deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappaφAzimuth rate of change, (°)/30 meters, α well angle, (°), and subscript a denotes interval LA，LB]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of LA。
According to the method for evaluating the natural deflecting rule based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of obtaining the tool deflecting rate and the tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical property analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data, the tool deflecting rate equation and the tool face angle equation are as follows:
wherein, κt(ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omegatTool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deviation-making law based on the multi-well statistics and the formation characterization, preferably, in the step of calculating the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate based on the well slope angle equation, the tool slope angle equation and the tool face angle equation, the change law of the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate along the well depth is as follows:
in the formula: kappaα,tIs the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,tIs the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deviation rule based on the multi-well statistics and the formation characterization, preferably, in the step of inverting the slope and the azimuth of the formation well based on the spatial deflection morphology of the borehole trajectory and the directional deviation characteristics of the deviation tool, the slope and the azimuth of the formation well are as follows:
in the formula: kappaα,fIs the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,fIs the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deflecting rule based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of transforming the formation well slope and the formation azimuth rate into the formation trend slope, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope based on the transformation relation between the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope are respectively as follows:
in the formula: kappaξ,f(ii) formation dip, (°)/30 m; kappaη,fThe formation strike rate is formed, and is (degree)/30 m; κ ζ, f is the formation normal build rate, (°)/30 meters.
According to the invention, the interaction and influence relation among the stratum rock mass, the deflecting tool and the well track is researched and revealed by using the actual data of the drilled well, the inversion method of the natural deflecting rule of the stratum is established, reliable basic data is provided for the design, monitoring and control of the well track, and the problem that the natural deflecting rule of the stratum is difficult to obtain is solved. In addition, the invention can be used for the design and construction of various wells with complex structures such as directional wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells and the like, is suitable for various drilling modes such as sliding guide, rotary guide, composite guide and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for evaluating natural deviation of a formation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of transforming the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, there is shown a flow chart of a technical method according to the present invention.
The method of the present invention begins at step S1 where formation and drilled data are acquired. In particular, the formation properties of the drilled well, the inclinometry data of the wellbore trajectory and the directional whiplash properties of the whipstock are obtained by collecting geological and drilling data. Wherein the formation characteristics include a formation dip and a formation strike. The inclinometry data includes well depth, angle of inclination, and azimuth. Directional whipstock characteristics include tool build rate and tool face angle.
Next in step S2, the spatial configuration of the wellbore trajectory is determined.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention is based on the inclination data and the borehole trajectory model determination, the well deviation rate equation and the azimuth rate equation of the borehole trajectory to characterize the well deviation rate, the azimuth rate and the law of the change of the well deviation angle along the well depth of the empirical trajectory. In the present invention, wellbore trajectory models include, but are not limited to, spatial circular arc models, cylindrical spiral models, and natural curve models. Thus, the rate of change equation for the well deviation, the rate of change equation for the azimuth, and the angle of the well deviation equation can be expressed as:
in the formula: l is well depth, unit: rice; kappaαWell deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappaφAzimuth rate, (°)/30 meters, α well angle, (°), and subscript a the beginning of the interval.
Next, in step S3, the contribution of the whipstock to the wellbore trajectory is calculated.
Based on the drilled well data, a tool build rate is obtained by a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method, a tool face angle is obtained by a measurement while drilling instrument, and a tool build rate equation and a tool face angle equation are established to represent the directional build rate characteristic of the build tool and the change rule of the directional build rate characteristic along the well depth. The tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation can be expressed as
In the formula: kappat(ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omegatTool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the whipstock tool.
In step S4, a tool well slope equation and a tool orientation rate equation are established based on the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation to characterize the rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of orientation produced by the whipstock tool to determine the contribution of the directional whipstock characteristic of the whipstock tool to the rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of orientation. The tool well slope equation and the tool orientation rate equation are
In the formula: kappaα,tIs the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,tIs the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
In step S5, the contribution of the formation natural kick-off to the wellbore trajectory is calculated.
Because the well track is the combined action result of the deflecting tool and the stratum, the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth can be obtained after the contribution of the deflecting tool to the well track is removed, and the contribution of the natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the stratum azimuth change rate is represented. Specifically, the invention characterizes the contribution of the natural formation whiplash characteristic to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track by deriving the formation well slope and the formation azimuth based on the spatial deflection morphology of the well track characterized by the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate and the directional whiplash characteristic of the whipstock tool. The resulting formation well slope equation and formation azimuth equation are
In the formula: kappaα,fIs the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,fIs the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
In step S6, the formation well slope and the formation azimuth are transformed into a formation dip, a formation strike slope and a formation normal slope based on the transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system and the wellbore coordinate system.
The specific principles for establishing the transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system and the wellbore coordinate system are shown in FIG. 2. based on true north, true east and plumb directions, a wellhead coordinate system NEH is established, where the N-axis points in the true north direction, the E-axis points in the true east direction, and the H-axis points vertically down to the earth's center. based on the wellbore highside, the wellbore right direction and the wellbore direction lines, a wellbore coordinate system xyz is established, where the x-axis points in the borehole inclination direction, the y-axis points in the azimuth inclination direction, the z-axis points in the tangential direction of the wellbore trajectory
Wherein
[C]＝[B][A]T
Wherein β is the dip angle (°) of the formation and ψ is the dip azimuth angle (°) of the formation.
In this step, natural whiplash properties are further evaluated based on the formation.
The stratum rock mass has orthogonal anisotropy, and physical and mechanical properties such as load resistance strength, hardness and drillability along the normal direction, the inclination and the trend of the stratum are different from each other. In addition, the formation natural whiplash properties are also closely related to the formation layering and borehole direction, and ultimately manifest as borehole trajectory angle and azimuth changes. Because the orthotropic formation is regarded as the same in physical and mechanical properties along the normal direction, the inclination and the trend of the formation, and the characterization of natural deflection characteristics based on the formation is more regular, the formation well slope and the formation azimuth obtained in the step S4 need to be converted into a formation coordinate system to obtain the formation inclination build-up rate, the formation trend build-up rate and the formation normal build-up rate, so as to evaluate the natural deflection characteristics along the formation inclination, the formation trend and the formation normal.
Based on the formation well slope and the formation azimuth of step S4 and the coordinate system transformation relationship of step S5, the formation dip, the formation strike and the formation normal incidence are
In the formula: kappaξ,f(ii) formation dip, (°)/30 m; kappaη,fThe formation strike rate is formed, and is (degree)/30 m; kappaζ,fIs the normal build-up rate of the formation, (°)/30 meters.
Finally, in step S7, the natural deviation of the formation is evaluated based on the multi-well data.
For a specific stratum, the method evaluates the stratum natural deflecting characteristic of each well by repeating the steps S2-S6, and then obtains the stratum natural deflecting rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization through statistical analysis (for example, taking the average value of all wells), thereby providing reliable data for the design, monitoring and control of the well track.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring drilled stratum characteristics, inclination measurement data of a well track and directional deviation characteristics of a deviation tool by collecting geological data and drilling data, wherein the stratum characteristics comprise a stratum inclination angle and a stratum trend, the inclination measurement data comprise a well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle, and the directional deviation characteristics comprise a tool deviation rate and a tool face angle;
s2, determining a well inclination change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination measurement data and the well trajectory model so as to represent the change rules of the well inclination change rate, the azimuth change rate and the well inclination angle along the well depth;
s3, acquiring a tool build rate and a tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data to obtain a tool build rate equation and a tool face angle equation, wherein the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation are used for representing the directional build rate characteristic of a build tool and the change rule of the build tool along the well depth;
s4, calculating a tool well slope and a tool azimuth based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation to characterize the contribution of directional build characteristics of the deflecting tool to the well slope rate and the azimuth rate;
s5, obtaining stratum well slope and stratum orientation rate based on the space deflection form of the well track and the directional deflection characteristics of the deflecting tool to represent the contribution of the natural deflection characteristics of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the orientation change rate of the well track, wherein the space deflection form is characterized by the well slope change rate and the orientation change rate of the well track;
s6, converting the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the conversion relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system;
s7, repeating the steps S2-S6 for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple wells, and calculating the stratum inclination build-up rate, the stratum trend build-up rate and the stratum normal build-up rate of each stratum through statistical analysis to obtain a stratum natural build-up rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of determining a well slope rate of change equation and an azimuthal rate of change equation for the wellbore trajectory based on the inclination data and a wellbore trajectory model,
establishing the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation based on a modeling method of a well track, wherein the well track model comprises a space circular arc model, a cylindrical spiral model and a natural curve model, and the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation in the following forms are obtained:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappaαWell deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappaφAzimuth rate of change, (°)/30 meters, α well angle, (°), and subscript a denotes interval LA，LB]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of LA。
3. The method for evaluating a natural whiplash rule based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization according to claim 2, wherein in the step of obtaining a toolmaking rate and a toolface angle using a drill string mechanical property analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled data, the toolmaking rate equation and the toolface angle equation are:
wherein, κt(ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omegatTool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step of calculating a tool well slope and a tool orientation rate based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation, and the tool face angle equation, the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate change along the well depth is:
in the formula: kappaα,tIs the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,tIs the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the step of inverting formation well slope and formation azimuth based on the spatial deflection profile of the wellbore trajectory and the directional deflection characteristics of the deflecting tool, the formation well slope and formation azimuth are:
in the formula: kappaα,fIs the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappaφ,fIs the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
6. The method for evaluating a natural deviational rule according to claim 5, wherein in the step of transforming the formation well slope and the formation azimuth into the formation trend slope, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope based on the transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope are respectively:
in the formula: kappaξ,f(ii) formation dip, (°)/30 m; kappaη,fThe formation strike rate is formed, and is (degree)/30 m; kappaζ,fIs the normal build-up rate of the formation, (°)/30 meters.
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| CN113756718A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling deviation prevention process recommendation method and system |
| CN113756718B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2024-06-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling anti-inclination process recommendation method and system |
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