CN111206170A - High-toughness aluminum alloy profile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness aluminum alloy profile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
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- C22C2026/006—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being carbides
Abstract
The invention provides a high-toughness aluminum alloy section, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The raw material components of the aluminum alloy section comprise 3-5 wt% of CNTs-Al composite powder and 95-97 wt% of 6063 aluminum alloy; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 5-10% of CNTs by mass, and the total mass is 100%; the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy section. Based on the 6063 aluminum alloy section, the mechanical property and the processing property of the aluminum alloy are enhanced by utilizing the excellent mechanical property of the CNTs, so that the processing property of the aluminum alloy section is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-toughness aluminum alloy section and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy sections are the most widely used non-ferrous structural materials in industry, and have been widely used in the aviation, aerospace, automotive, machinery manufacturing, marine, construction, decoration and chemical industries.
With the increasing attention of people to the problems of energy conservation and environmental protection, automobile structural parts, building materials, decoration materials and the like are developed towards the direction of light weight, and higher requirements are put forward on the strength, the plasticity and the like of aluminum alloy. At present, various mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy section are difficult to be considered, the strength and the hardness are still low, the plasticity and the toughness are poor, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy section are greatly reduced mainly due to the growth of crystal grains in the smelting process, so that the processing performance of the aluminum alloy section is reduced, in the prior art, in order to refine the crystal grains in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy, a crystal grain refiner is generally adopted for modification and refinement, the effect of refining the crystal grains is achieved, an ultra-fine grain aluminum alloy material is obtained, the processing performances of the plasticity, the toughness and the like of the aluminum alloy are improved, but the refining temperature and the adding mode of intermediate alloy and the like in modification and refinement are strict, a large amount of gas is easily generated after the intermediate alloy and the like are added, the environment is polluted, the air suction of aluminum liquid is serious, meanwhile, the defects of pinholes and the like are easily formed in, the recrystallization process only forms approximately equiaxed or columnar crystals with more narrow, long and coarse grains in the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-toughness aluminum alloy section and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a high-toughness aluminum alloy profile, which comprises the following raw material components of 3-5 wt% of CNTs-Al (carbon nano tube-Al) composite powder and 95-97 wt% of 6063 aluminum alloy, wherein the total amount is 100%; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 5-10% of CNTs by mass.
Preferably, the CNTs-Al composite powder is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding nickel acetate tetrahydrate or nickel nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.6: 1, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h, stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized, and drying at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain precursor powder; wherein the mass consumption of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 30 times of the mass of the aluminum powder;
s2, under the protection of inert gas or nitrogen, placing precursor powder prepared in S1 in a vacuum tube furnace, calcining at 250 ℃ for 1-2 h, introducing hydrogen at the flow rate of 150mL/min to reduce for 1-2 h, continuously heating to 400-550 ℃ to keep for 1h, turning off the hydrogen, introducing the inert gas or nitrogen to heat to 600 ℃, introducing mixed gas of carbon source gas and carrier gas to react for 2-4 h, then turning off the mixed gas, introducing the inert gas or nitrogen to cool to room temperature, and finally, under the protection of the inert gas or nitrogen, ball-milling for 0.5-1 h to obtain CNTs-Al composite powder; wherein the carbon source gas is methane, the flow rate of the introduced gas is 60mL/min, the carrier gas is inert gas or nitrogen, the flow rate of the introduced gas is 400mL/min, and the volume ratio of the carbon source gas to the carrier gas is 1: 5.
Preferably, in the ball milling process, the ball-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 200-500 rpm.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a high-toughness aluminum alloy section, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing a 6063 aluminum alloy raw material, adding the raw material into a vacuum melting furnace, heating to 680-700 ℃ under the protection of inert gas or nitrogen, after an aluminum ingot is completely melted, uniformly adding the CNTs-Al composite powder into an aluminum melt in the melting furnace, continuously heating to 720 ℃, preserving heat, melting and electromagnetically stirring for 0.5-1 h; then introducing nitrogen for refining for 0.3-0.5 h, standing and preserving heat for 0.3-0.5 h, and then continuously heating to 730-740 ℃ for semi-continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
s2, carrying out heat preservation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S1 at the temperature of 520-540 ℃ for 4-6 hours for homogenization treatment, and then cooling;
s3, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot treated by the S2 to 450-500 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy section with the required shape and size;
and S4, preserving the temperature of the section obtained in the S3 at 200 ℃ for 2-4 h, and carrying out aging solution treatment to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy section.
Preferably, the CNTs-Al composite powder is uniformly put into the aluminum melt from below to above in the furnace.
Preferably, during the refining treatment, the refining treatment is carried out byThe pressure of the nitrogen is 0.15 to 0.2atm, and the flow is 1.2 to 2m3/min。
Preferably, in the semi-continuous pouring process, the pouring temperature is controlled to be 710-720 ℃.
Preferably, during extrusion molding, the extrusion pressure is 180-200 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 12
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-toughness aluminum alloy section, based on the existing 6063 aluminum alloy section, the mechanical and processing properties of the aluminum alloy are enhanced by utilizing the excellent mechanical properties of CNTs, and the CNTs are added into the aluminum alloy to inhibit the growth of crystal grains, and block the movement of dislocation in the plastic deformation process to form dislocation plugging, thereby avoiding the formation of subboundary, refining the growth of matrix crystal grains, and further improving the processing properties of the aluminum alloy section.
According to the method, the CNTs-Al composite powder is synthesized in situ by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method, so that the composite powder with the CNTs uniformly dispersed on the surface of the aluminum powder is obtained, and the CNTs can be embedded into the aluminum powder through short-time ball milling, so that the dispersibility of the CNTs in an aluminum alloy melt is further improved, and the agglomeration of the CNTs-Al composite powder in the aluminum alloy melt is avoided. In addition, the CNTs synthesized in situ by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method have the crystallinity which keeps a self complete structure and cannot react with an aluminum matrix at a high temperature within 1000 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy section, which is characterized in that the CNTs-Al composite powder is uniformly put into the aluminum melt and is smelted in vacuum, so that on one hand, the defects on the surface of the CNTs can be avoided, amorphous carbon in the CNTs-Al composite powder can be promoted to react with trace elemental silicon in the melt to generate SiC, the trace SiC enters the aggregates of the CNTs, the dispersion of the CNTs is facilitated, and the CNTs are further dispersedThe dispersibility of the CNTs-Al composite powder in an aluminum melt is improved in one step; on one hand, the generation of Al in the molten state of aluminum is avoided2O3The oxide film is formed, and a covering agent is not needed to be used during smelting, so that gas emitted in the smelting process can be taken away in time.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
It should be noted that the CNTs-Al composite powder used in the following examples is prepared by the following preparation method, specifically including the following preparation method:
s1, adding nickel acetate tetrahydrate or nickel nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.6: 1, performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h, stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized, and drying at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain precursor powder; wherein the mass consumption of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 30 times of the mass of the aluminum powder;
s2, under the protection of argon or nitrogen, placing precursor powder prepared in S1 in a vacuum tube furnace, calcining at 250 ℃ for 1-2 h, introducing hydrogen at the flow rate of 150mL/min, reducing at 250 ℃ for 1-2 h, continuing to heat to 400-550 ℃, keeping for 1h, turning off the hydrogen, introducing argon, heating to 600 ℃, introducing a mixed gas of carbon source gas and carrier gas, reacting for 2-4 h, then closing the mixed gas, introducing argon or nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, and finally, under the protection of argon or nitrogen, ball-milling for 0.5-1 h to obtain CNTs-Al composite powder; wherein the carbon source gas is methane, the introduced flow rate is 60mL/min, the carrier gas is argon or nitrogen, the introduced flow rate is 400mL/min, and the volume ratio of the carbon source gas to the carrier gas is 1: 5; wherein, in the ball milling process, the ball material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling rotating speed is 200-500 rpm.
The CNTs-Al composite powder prepared by the method contains 5-10% of CNTs by mass.
Example 1
The raw material components of the high-toughness aluminum alloy profile comprise CNTs-Al composite powder with the weight percentage of 4 percent and 6063 aluminum alloy with the weight percentage of 96 percent, and the total amount is 100 percent; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 7% of CNTs by mass; the 6063 aluminum alloy contains the following elements in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.50 percent; si: 0.4 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.10 percent; zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent; cr is less than or equal to 0.10 percent; fe: less than or equal to 0.35 percent; sr: 0.03 percent; zr: 0.02 percent; RE: 0.06 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy section comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 6063 aluminum alloy raw materials, adding the raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating to 690 ℃ under the protection of argon or nitrogen, after an aluminum ingot is completely melted, uniformly adding CNTs-Al composite powder into an aluminum melt from bottom to top in the melting furnace, continuously heating to 720 ℃, preserving heat, melting and electromagnetically stirring for 0.8 h; then the pressure is introduced at 0.15atm and the flow is 1.5m3Refining the aluminum alloy ingot by nitrogen gas for 0.4h at a min, standing and preserving heat for 0.4h, continuously heating to 735 ℃ for semi-continuous pouring, and controlling the pouring temperature to be 715 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
s2, preserving the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the S1 at 530 ℃ for 5 hours for homogenization treatment, and then cooling;
s3, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot processed by the S2 to 480 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy section with the required shape and size; wherein the extrusion pressure is 190MPa, and the extrusion speed is 13 m/min;
and S4, preserving the temperature of the section obtained in the S3 at 200 ℃ for 3h, and carrying out aging solution treatment to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy section.
Example 2
The raw material components of the high-toughness aluminum alloy profile comprise 3 wt% of CNTs-Al composite powder and 97 wt% of 6063 aluminum alloy, and the total amount is 100%; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 10% of CNTs by mass.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy section comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 6063 aluminum alloy raw material, adding into vacuum meltingIn a furnace, under the protection of argon or nitrogen, heating to 700 ℃, after an aluminum ingot is completely melted, uniformly putting CNTs-Al composite powder into an aluminum melt from bottom to top in a smelting furnace, continuously heating to 720 ℃, preserving heat, smelting and electromagnetically stirring for 1 h; then the pressure is introduced into the reactor at 0.2atm and the flow rate is 2m3Refining the aluminum alloy ingot by nitrogen gas for 0.5h, standing the aluminum alloy ingot for 0.5h, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, continuously heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 740 ℃ for semi-continuous casting, and controlling the casting temperature to be 720 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
s2, carrying out heat preservation at 540 ℃ for 6h on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the S1 for homogenization treatment, and then cooling;
s3, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot processed by the S2 to 500 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy section with the required shape and size; wherein the extrusion pressure is 200MPa, and the extrusion speed is 15 m/min;
and S4, preserving the temperature of the section obtained in the S3 at 200 ℃ for 4h, and carrying out aging solution treatment to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy section.
Example 3
The raw material components of the high-toughness aluminum alloy profile comprise 5 wt% of CNTs-Al composite powder and 95 wt% of 6063 aluminum alloy, and the total amount is 100%; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 5% of CNTs by mass.
The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy section comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 6063 aluminum alloy raw materials, adding the raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating to 680 ℃ under the protection of argon or nitrogen, after an aluminum ingot is completely melted, uniformly adding CNTs-Al composite powder into an aluminum melt from bottom to top in the melting furnace, continuously heating to 720 ℃, preserving heat, melting and electromagnetically stirring for 0.5 h; then the pressure is introduced at 0.15atm and the flow is 1.2m3Refining the aluminum alloy ingot by nitrogen gas for 0.3h, standing the aluminum alloy ingot for 0.3h, keeping the temperature for 0.3h, continuously heating the aluminum alloy ingot to 730 ℃ for semi-continuous casting, and controlling the casting temperature to be 710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
s2, carrying out heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 4h on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S1 for homogenization treatment, and then cooling;
s3, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot processed by the S2 to 450 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy section with the required shape and size; wherein the extrusion pressure is 180MPa, and the extrusion speed is 12 m/min;
and S4, preserving the temperature of the section obtained in the S3 at 200 ℃ for 2h, and carrying out aging solution treatment to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy section.
The high-toughness aluminum alloy section provided by the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is prepared by optimizing CNTs-Al composite powder and 6063 aluminum alloy and adopting proper smelting, homogenizing treatment, extrusion and aging treatment, and the high-toughness aluminum alloy section has the following properties: rm is more than or equal to 280Mpa, Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 240 Mpa; the elongation is more than or equal to 15 percent; the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy profile is high in mechanical property and good in stability, greatly enhances the mechanical property of 6063 aluminum alloy in the prior art, exceeds the requirement of national standard 6063 aluminum alloy T6 heat treatment technical index, and widens the practical range of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile in building profiles, vehicles, airplanes, ships and the like.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The high-toughness aluminum alloy profile is characterized in that the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following raw material components of 3-5 wt% of CNTs-Al composite powder and 95-97 wt% of 6063 aluminum alloy, wherein the total amount is 100%; the CNTs-Al composite powder contains 5-10% of CNTs by mass.
2. The high-toughness aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CNTs-Al composite powder is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding nickel acetate tetrahydrate or nickel nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 0.2-0.6: 1, performing ultrasonic treatment for 0.5h, stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the absolute ethyl alcohol is completely volatilized, and drying at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain precursor powder;
s2, under the protection of inert gas or nitrogen, placing precursor powder prepared in S1 in a vacuum tube furnace, calcining at 250 ℃ for 1-2 h, introducing hydrogen at the flow rate of 150mL/min to reduce for 1-2 h, continuously heating to 400-550 ℃ to keep for 1h, turning off the hydrogen, introducing the inert gas or nitrogen to heat to 600 ℃, introducing mixed gas of carbon source gas and carrier gas to react for 2-4 h, then turning off the mixed gas, introducing the inert gas or nitrogen to cool to room temperature, and finally, under the protection of the inert gas or nitrogen, ball-milling for 0.5-1 h to obtain CNTs-Al composite powder; wherein the carbon source gas is methane, the flow rate of the introduced gas is 60mL/min, the carrier gas is inert gas or nitrogen, the flow rate of the introduced gas is 400mL/min, and the volume ratio of the carbon source gas to the carrier gas is 1: 5.
3. The high-toughness aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the ball milling process, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling speed is 200-500 rpm.
4. The method for preparing a high-toughness aluminum alloy profile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 6063 aluminum alloy raw materials, adding the raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating to 680-700 ℃ under the protection of inert gas or nitrogen, after an aluminum ingot is completely melted, uniformly adding the CNTs-Al composite powder into an aluminum melt in the melting furnace, continuously heating to 720 ℃, preserving heat, melting, electromagnetically stirring for 0.5-1 h, then introducing nitrogen for refining for 0.3-0.5 h, standing for 0.3-0.5 h, and then continuously heating to 730-740 ℃ for semi-continuous casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
s2, carrying out heat preservation on the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step S1 at the temperature of 520-540 ℃ for 4-6 hours for homogenization treatment, and then cooling;
s3, heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot treated by the S2 to 450-500 ℃, and then carrying out extrusion forming to obtain an aluminum alloy section with the required shape and size;
and S4, preserving the temperature of the section obtained in the S3 at 200 ℃ for 2-4 h, and carrying out aging solution treatment to obtain the high-toughness aluminum alloy section.
5. The method for preparing the high-toughness aluminum alloy profile according to claim 4, wherein the CNTs-Al composite powder is uniformly put into the aluminum melt from bottom to top in a furnace when being put into the furnace.
6. The method for preparing a high-toughness aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the refining treatment process, the pressure of the introduced nitrogen is 0.15-0.2 atm, and the flow rate is 1.2-2 m3/min。
7. The preparation method of the high-toughness aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the semi-continuous casting process, the casting temperature is controlled to be 710-720 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a high-toughness aluminum alloy profile according to claim 4, wherein during extrusion molding, the extrusion pressure is 180-200 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 12-15 m/min.
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| Title |
|---|
| ARUN JOSHI等: "A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties Of As Cast And Heat Treated Al6063-MWCNT Composite Fabricated By Stir Casting Process", 《MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING》 * |
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| CN111206170B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220908 Address after: 528000 F22, first floor, building 23, No. 23, qiangye Avenue, Leping Town, Sanshui District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: GUANGDONG XINGFA ALUMINIUM Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1 Xiangwang South Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: XUZHOU College OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY |