CN111206161A - Comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of lithium iron phosphate battery - Google Patents

Comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of lithium iron phosphate battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111206161A
CN111206161A CN202010147050.8A CN202010147050A CN111206161A CN 111206161 A CN111206161 A CN 111206161A CN 202010147050 A CN202010147050 A CN 202010147050A CN 111206161 A CN111206161 A CN 111206161A
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lithium
sulfuric acid
iron phosphate
leaching
positive electrode
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孙东江
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12Obtaining lithium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/30Alkali metal phosphates
    • C01B25/305Preparation from phosphorus-containing compounds by alkaline treatment
    • C01B25/306Preparation from phosphorus-containing compounds by alkaline treatment from phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/02Oxides; Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02Roasting processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of a lithium iron phosphate battery comprises the steps of roasting and pretreating the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode powder in an aerobic environment; then sulfuric acid leaching is carried out, and then crude lithium liquid and slag are obtained through filtering; removing impurities from the leached material liquid, and adding ferric sulfate to remove aluminum and phosphate radicals; performing alkali conversion treatment on the leaching residue, performing alkali conversion on sodium hydroxide for more than half an hour, filtering, adjusting the pH value of filtrate by using sulfuric acid, heating, evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing to obtain sodium phosphate crystals; and (3) removing impurities from the crude lithium solution, heating the solution, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate and dissolve lithium carbonate. The comprehensive utilization method of the waste positive electrode powder of the lithium iron phosphate battery has simple process, the lithium recovery rate is higher than or equal to 95 percent, the lithium is extracted by adopting a melting-burning-sulfuric acid dissolving method, lithium carbonate can be directly precipitated after impurity removal, lithium is preferentially dissolved out by utilizing the insolubility of the iron phosphate in low-concentration sulfuric acid to achieve the separation of two substances, and trisodium phosphate and ferric hydroxide are produced from leaching residues after alkali conversion, so that the comprehensive utilization is realized.

Description

Comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of lithium iron phosphate battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of a lithium iron phosphate battery.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy industry, the usage amount of new energy lithium batteries is larger and larger, and accordingly more and more discarded lithium batteries are used, so that the problem of reasonably recycling waste lithium battery resources is urgent. The waste positive electrode powder produced by disassembling the lithium iron phosphate battery in the waste lithium battery mainly comprises lithium iron phosphate, carbon powder and aluminum, the currently adopted recovery process is hydrochloric acid full-solution and hydrogen peroxide or air oxidation neutralization dephosphorization, the recovered target element is lithium, the product is lithium carbonate, and phosphate is used as waste residue for treatment. The hydrochloric acid complete solution method has a neutralization and dephosphorization process, so that a high lithium-containing solution is difficult to form, and meanwhile, the slag lithium coprecipitation brings loss lithium, and the recovery rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive utilization method of waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode powder, which has simple process and high recovery rate.
The comprehensive utilization method of the waste positive electrode powder of the lithium iron phosphate battery comprises the following steps of:
1. roasting lithium iron phosphate anode powder in an aerobic environment at the roasting temperature of 550-850 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours for pretreatment;
2. carrying out sulfuric acid leaching on the roasted lithium iron phosphate powder under the condition that the liquid-solid ratio is 2-2.5: 1, continuously dripping sulfuric acid, ensuring the sulfuric acid concentration to be more than or equal to 75 percent and the sulfuric acid concentration in the leaching solution to be less than or equal to 0.1M, wherein the leaching is stirring leaching for 0.5-2 hours, and then filtering to obtain crude lithium liquid and slag;
3. removing impurities from the leached material liquid, adding ferric sulfate, adjusting the pH value to 5.2 to remove aluminum and phosphate radicals, filtering, sending the material liquid to a lithium carbonate precipitation process, and stacking the residues;
4. performing alkali conversion treatment on the leaching residue, wherein the usage amount of sodium hydroxide is more than 1.05 times of the theoretical amount, the liquid-solid ratio is 3: 1, the temperature is 0-80 ℃, the alkali conversion of the sodium hydroxide is performed for more than half an hour, the filtering is performed, the pH of filtrate is adjusted to be 7-9 by sulfuric acid, heating, evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing to produce sodium phosphate crystals, and the residue is washed and sold as iron ore;
5. and (3) lithium carbonate precipitation: and (3) removing impurities from the crude lithium solution, heating the solution to above 80 ℃, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate and dissolve lithium carbonate.
The comprehensive utilization method of the waste positive electrode powder of the lithium iron phosphate battery has simple process, the lithium recovery rate is higher than or equal to 95 percent, the lithium is extracted by adopting a melting-sulfuric acid dissolution method, and lithium carbonate can be directly precipitated after impurity removal; and carrying out alkali conversion on the insoluble slag by sodium hydroxide to produce trisodium phosphate and ferric hydroxide. Oxidizing and roasting to oxidize ferrous iron in the lithium iron phosphate into ferric iron to release lithium ions, leaching by a reaction system with low sulfuric acid concentration, separating two substances by preferentially dissolving lithium by utilizing the insolubility of the iron phosphate in low-concentration sulfuric acid, and converting leaching residues by sodium hydroxide to produce trisodium phosphate and ferric hydroxide so as to realize comprehensive utilization.
Detailed Description
A comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of a lithium iron phosphate battery comprises the following steps:
step 1, oxidizing roasting, namely adding 1000kg of lithium iron phosphate anode powder into a rotary kiln for oxidizing roasting at the roasting temperature of 550-850 ℃ for 1 hour, and discharging for later use;
step 2, sulfuric acid leaching, namely adding the roasted lithium iron phosphate anode powder into a 5 ㎥ PP material stirring barrel, adding 2 ㎥ of clear water, stirring, adding concentrated sulfuric acid in a continuous dropwise manner, taking 0.1M of residual acid as a reaction reference, stirring for reacting for 0.5-2 hours, standing, filtering, transferring the filtrate into the next stirring barrel for later use, and testing PO (phosphorus oxide) content4 3-The filter residue is transferred to a stirring barrel in the next step for standby;
step 3, purifying and impurity removing, namely stirring the leaching solution obtained in the step and adding test PO4 3-Ferric sulfate with the content required by 1.05 times of the theoretical amount of the balance of the ferric sulfate, then adjusting the pH to be = 5.2, filtering, transferring the filtrate into a stirring barrel of the next procedure for standby, and piling filter residues;
step 4, precipitating lithium carbonate, namely transferring the purified lithium sulfate solution generated in the previous step into a 5 ㎥ stirring barrel, heating to the temperature of more than 80 ℃, stirring, adding sodium carbonate which is 8 times of the total amount of lithium as a precipitator, precipitating and reacting for 1 hour, then filtering, recovering lithium carbonate from the solution, wherein the solid is a lithium carbonate product;
step 5, alkali conversion of the iron phosphate slag, wherein the reaction equation is Fepo4+3NaoH=Fe(oH)3↓+ Na3po4Transferring the iron phosphate slag produced in the previous step into a 5 ㎥ PP stirring barrel, adding clear water with a liquid-solid ratio of 3: 1, then adding NaoH with a theoretical amount of 1.05 times for alkali conversion, filtering for more than half an hour, and transferring the filtrate into the next processThe filter residue is piled up by ferric hydroxide;
and 6, crystallizing trisodium phosphate, namely adding the filtrate obtained in the step into an enamel reaction kettle of 5 ㎥, heating and concentrating the filtrate by steam to reach a certain concentration, and cooling and crystallizing to obtain a sodium phosphate product.

Claims (1)

1. A comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of a lithium iron phosphate battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
(1) roasting lithium iron phosphate anode powder in an aerobic environment at the temperature of 550-850 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours for pretreatment;
(2) carrying out sulfuric acid leaching on the roasted lithium iron phosphate powder under the condition that the liquid-solid ratio is 2-2.5: 1, continuously dropwise adding sulfuric acid, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid is more than or equal to 75%, the concentration of the sulfuric acid in the leaching solution is less than or equal to 0.1M, the leaching is stirring leaching for 0.5-2 hours, and then filtering to obtain crude lithium liquid and slag;
(3) removing impurities from the leached material liquid, adding ferric sulfate, adjusting the pH value to 5.2 to remove aluminum and phosphate radicals, filtering, sending the material liquid to a lithium carbonate precipitation process, and stacking the residues;
(4) performing alkali conversion treatment on the leaching residue, wherein the usage amount of sodium hydroxide is more than 1.05 times of the theoretical amount, the liquid-solid ratio is 3: 1, the temperature is 0-80 ℃, the alkali conversion of the sodium hydroxide is performed for more than half an hour, the filtering is performed, the pH of filtrate is adjusted to be 7-9 by sulfuric acid, heating, evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing to produce sodium phosphate crystals, and the residue is washed and sold as iron ore;
(5) and lithium carbonate precipitation: and (3) removing impurities from the crude lithium solution, heating the solution to above 80 ℃, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate and dissolve lithium carbonate.
CN202010147050.8A 2020-03-05 2020-03-05 Comprehensive utilization method of waste positive electrode powder of lithium iron phosphate battery Pending CN111206161A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111960396A (en) * 2020-08-26 2020-11-20 界首市南都华宇电源有限公司 Method for preparing soluble phosphate from iron phosphate slag
CN113862475A (en) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-31 安徽大学绿色产业创新研究院 Directional dissolution treatment method for high-aluminum waste lithium battery positive electrode material
CN117467857A (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-01-30 河南中鑫新材料有限公司 Process for extracting lithium from waste battery black powder through roasting and leaching

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111960396A (en) * 2020-08-26 2020-11-20 界首市南都华宇电源有限公司 Method for preparing soluble phosphate from iron phosphate slag
CN113862475A (en) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-31 安徽大学绿色产业创新研究院 Directional dissolution treatment method for high-aluminum waste lithium battery positive electrode material
CN117467857A (en) * 2023-12-27 2024-01-30 河南中鑫新材料有限公司 Process for extracting lithium from waste battery black powder through roasting and leaching

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