CN111205245B - Hole transport material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Hole transport material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111205245B
CN111205245B CN202010026459.4A CN202010026459A CN111205245B CN 111205245 B CN111205245 B CN 111205245B CN 202010026459 A CN202010026459 A CN 202010026459A CN 111205245 B CN111205245 B CN 111205245B
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郭旭岗
王漾
廖巧干
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a hole transport material and a preparation method and application thereof. The hole transport material has a structure shown as a formula I. The hole transport material provided by the invention has good hole transport performance and excellent solubility, some hole transport materials can be dissolved and processed even in a green solvent, a good film appearance can be obtained, the hole transport material has adjustable photoelectric performance, and the hole transport material can be applied to perovskite solar cells.

Description

Hole transport material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a hole transport material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, perovskite solar cells taking organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials as light capture agents have been developed rapidly, solar energy can be converted into electric energy at lower cost, the perovskite solar cells are favored by global research circles and industrial circles, the energy conversion efficiency is gradually improved, and the recently verified efficiency is about 25% breakthrough. Besides the perovskite of the active layer in the perovskite solar cell, the hole transport material is also very critical; the hole transport material can not only extract holes, but also transport holes, and is very important for improving the performance of the device.
At present, PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD is mostly used as a hole transport material in reported high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, PTAA and Spiro-OMeTAD are costly and poorly conductive; during the use process, a P-type dopant and lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) are required to be introduced to improve the conductivity of the hole transport layer. The use of dopants and additives not only reduces the stability of the cell, but also further increases the manufacturing cost of the cell. In addition, at present, most hole transport materials need to be processed by using chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene and the like, and the solvents have high toxicity and serious harm to the environment, so that the industrialization process of the perovskite battery is not facilitated. Therefore, the design and development of the non-doped organic hole transport material which is low in cost, high in efficiency and suitable for processing of the environment-friendly solvent have important significance for improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell and reducing the manufacturing cost of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hole transport material, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the hole transport material has good hole transport performance and excellent solubility, some hole transport materials can be dissolved and processed even in a green solvent (such as ethanol), a good film appearance can be obtained, and meanwhile, the hole transport material also has adjustable photoelectric performance and can be applied to perovskite solar cells.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula i:
Figure BDA0002362651980000021
wherein, the D group is a donor unit group, and the EG group is a terminal group;
A 1 、A 2 、A 3 each independently selected from carbon or nitrogen;
X 1 、X 2 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine or cyano;
E 1 、E 2 each is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano or methyl;
y is selected from any one of oxygen, sulfur or selenium.
Preferably, the D group is selected from any one of the donor unit groups shown below:
Figure BDA0002362651980000022
Figure BDA0002362651980000031
wherein, R groups are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or tert-butyl, and the dotted line represents the connecting position of the groups.
Preferably, the EG group is selected from any one of the end groups shown below:
Figure BDA0002362651980000032
wherein the dotted line indicates the position of the group attachment.
Preferably, the hole transport material includes any one of the compounds shown below:
Figure BDA0002362651980000033
Figure BDA0002362651980000041
in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a hole transport material as described in the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Carrying out coupling reaction on the compound A and the compound B to obtain a compound C, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000042
/>
(2) Carrying out condensation reaction on the compound C and a compound containing EG groups to obtain a compound shown in the formula I, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000051
wherein, the D group is a donor unit group, and the EG group is a terminal group;
A 1 、A 2 、A 3 each independently selected from carbon or nitrogen;
X 1 、X 2 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine or cyano;
E 1 、E 2 each is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano or methyl;
y is selected from any one of oxygen, sulfur or selenium.
Preferably, the catalyst for the coupling reaction of step (1) is a palladium catalyst.
Preferably, the palladium catalyst is Pd (PPh) 3 ) 4 (tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium).
Preferably, the molar mass ratio of compound a to compound B in step (1) is 1 (2.4-3.0), and can be, for example, 1.
Preferably, the solvent for the coupling reaction in step (1) comprises any one of tetrahydrofuran, water or toluene or a combination of at least two of them.
Preferably, the temperature of the coupling reaction in step (1) is 100 to 120 ℃, and may be, for example, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃.
Preferably, the coupling reaction time in step (1) is 20-28h, for example, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h.
Preferably, the EG group-containing compound of step (2) is selected from any one of the following compounds:
Figure BDA0002362651980000061
preferably, the solvent for the condensation reaction of step (2) is acetic acid.
Preferably, the condensation reaction in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 10 to 30 ℃ and may be, for example, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃.
Preferably, the condensation reaction time of the step (2) is 10-20h, for example, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h.
Preferably, the preparation method of the compound A specifically comprises the following steps:
(A) Carrying out coupling reaction on a donor compound containing a D group and a halogenated reagent shown in a formula II to obtain a compound shown in a formula III, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000062
(B) Reacting the compound shown as the formula III with pinacol diboron to obtain a compound A, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000063
preferably, the catalyst for the coupling reaction of step (a) is a palladium catalyst.
Preferably, the palladium catalyst is Pd 2 (dba) 3 (tris (dibenzylacetone) dipalladium (0)).
Preferably, the solvent for the coupling reaction of step (a) comprises any one of tetrahydrofuran, water or toluene or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the temperature of the coupling reaction in step (A) is 100 to 120 ℃ and may be, for example, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃.
Preferably, the coupling reaction time in step (a) is 20-28h, for example 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h.
Preferably, the catalyst for the reaction of step (B) is a palladium catalyst.
Preferably, the palladium catalyst is Pd (dppf) Cl 2 ([ 1,1' -bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene)]Palladium dichloride).
Preferably, the solvent for the reaction of step (B) is 1, 4-dioxane.
Preferably, the temperature of the coupling reaction in step (B) is 100-120 ℃, for example 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃.
Preferably, the reaction time of step (B) is 20-28h, for example 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the hole transport material according to the first aspect in the preparation of a solar cell material.
Preferably, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a hole transport layer comprising a hole transport material as described in the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell comprising a hole transport layer as described in the fourth aspect.
Preferably, the perovskite solar cell comprises, in order from top to bottom: an anode electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode electrode layer.
Preferably, the anode electrode layer is ITO conductive glass.
Preferably, the thickness of the anode electrode layer is 150-180nm, such as 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm.
Preferably, the hole transport layer has a thickness of 1 to 10nm, and may be, for example, 1nm, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm.
Preferably, the thickness of the perovskite active layer is 400-600nm, and may be, for example, 400nm, 420nm, 440nm, 460nm, 480nm, 500nm, 520nm, 540nm, 560nm, 580nm, 600nm.
Preferably, the electron transport layer is a PCB-decorated carbon 60 electron transport layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 20-30nm, and may be, for example, 20nm, 22nm, 24nm, 26nm, 28nm, 30nm.
Preferably, the cathode electrode is a silver electrode.
Preferably, the thickness of the cathode electrode is 100-150nm, and may be, for example, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The hole transport material has good hole transport performance and excellent solubility, some hole transport materials can be dissolved and processed even in green solvents (such as ethanol), better film morphology can be obtained, and the hole transport material also has adjustable photoelectric performance, can be applied to perovskite solar cells, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, easily obtained raw materials, low cost and high yield.
(2) The perovskite solar cell prepared by the hole transport material provided by the invention has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and external quantum efficiency, wherein the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach more than 21%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the hole transport material solutions provided in examples 1 to 5.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the test results of the electrochemical properties of the hole transporting material provided in examples 1 to 2.
Fig. 3 is a current density versus voltage characteristic curve of the perovskite solar cell provided in application examples 1-2.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the external quantum efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided in application examples 1-2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitation of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula I-1:
Figure BDA0002362651980000091
the synthesis route of the hole transport material I-1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000092
(1) Synthesis of intermediate Compound 1
4- (4-Methoxyphenylamino) phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (226mg, 0.52mmol), 7-bromo-4-formylbenzo [ C][1,2,5]Thiadiazole (100mg, 0.4mmol), pd (PPh) 3 ) 4 (25mg, 0.04mmol) and potassium carbonate (90mg, 0.6 mmol) in a double-mouth bottle; after argon is pumped and flushed for three times, 7mL of tetrahydrofuran and 1mL of water are added; the reaction is carried out under the protection of argon; after the reaction is finished for 24 hours at 100 ℃, cooling the reaction system to room temperature, spinning out the solvent, and purifying the primary product by a column to obtain the intermediate compound 1 with the mass of 170mg and the yield of 91%.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.75(s,1H),8.28(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.92(d,J＝8.9Hz,2H),7.83(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.18(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),7.06(d,J＝8.9Hz,2H),6.91(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),3.84(s,6H).
13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ156.61,153.95,153.88,150.22,140.24,139.89,133.24,130.47,127.48,127.22,125.25,125.22,118.86,114.90,55.53.
(2) Synthesis of hole transporting Material I-1
Intermediate compound 1 (46mg, 0.1mmol), cyanoacetic acid (35mg, 0.4mmol), ammonium acetate (8mg, 0.1mmol) were placed in 5mL of glacial acetic acid and reacted at reflux for 12h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, poured into water, extracted with dichloromethane, and the organic phases were combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was spun off and the crude product was further purified by column chromatography to give compound a in a mass of 40mg, 75% yield.
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.88(s,1H),8.63(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),8.01(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.98(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.15(d,J＝8.4Hz,4H),6.98(d,J＝8.5Hz,4H),6.87(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),3.77(s,6H).
13 C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ156.73,154.82,152.72,149.65,142.43,139.84,135.67,130.70,128.87,127.81,127.49,126.52,123.78,119.12,118.39,116.70,115.55,115.47.
High-resolution mass spectrometry: c 30 H 22 N 4 O 4 S calculated value: 534.1362, found: 534.1372[ 2 ] M + H].
Calculated value of elemental analysis: c,67.40; h,4.15; n,10.48; s,6.00, found: c,67.29; h,4.29; n,10.65; and S,6.30.
Example 2
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula i-2:
Figure BDA0002362651980000111
the synthesis route of the hole transport material I-2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002362651980000112
(1) Synthesis of Compound 2: 4,4' -dimethoxydiphenylamine (960mg, 4.2mmol), 2-bromo-5-iodofluorobenzene (1.56g, 5.25mmol) and Pd 2 (dba) 3 (193mg, 0.21mmol), dppf (112mg, 0.18mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (2g, 21mmol), in a two-necked flask; after argon is pumped and flushed for three times, 25mL of anhydrous toluene is added; the reaction is carried out under the protection of argon; after 24 hours of reaction at 120 ℃, the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, the solvent is spun out, and the primary product is further purified by passing through a column, so that the compound 2 with the mass of 1.5g and the yield of 89 percent can be obtained.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.26-7.23(m,1H),7.08(d,J＝8.8Hz,4H),6.87(d,J＝8.8Hz,4H),6.64(dd,J＝11.4,2.5Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J＝8.8,2.5Hz,1H),3.82(s,6H).
(2) Synthesis of Compound 3: compound 2 (800mg, 2mmol), bis (pinacolato) diboron (762g, 3mmol), pd (dppf) Cl2 (73mg, 0.1mmol), potassium acetate (588mg, 6 mmol) were placed in a two-necked flask; pumping and flushing argon for three times, and adding 40mL of anhydrous 1, 4-dioxane; the reaction is carried out under the protection of argon; after heating and refluxing for 24 hours, the reaction system is cooled to room temperature, filtered, the solvent is spun out, and the primary product is further purified by a column to obtain the compound 3 with the mass of 640mg and the yield of 71%.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.52-7.48(m,1H),7.10(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),6.87(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),6.60(dd,J＝8.3,2.1Hz,1H),6.48(dd,J＝12.5,2.1Hz,1H),3.83(s,6H),1.35(s,12H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-101.66.
(3) Synthesis of Compound 4 (same as in step (1) of example 1): compound 4 was synthesized in 95% yield according to the procedure for compound 1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.77(s,1H),8.28(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.89-7.87(m,1H),7.70-7.66(m,1H),7.20(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),6.92(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),6.79(dd,J＝8.7,2.3Hz,1H),6.71(dd,J＝13.8,2.3Hz,1H),3.82(s,6H).
19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-113.03.
(4) Hole transport material I-2 (same as in step (2) of example 1): i-2 was synthesized in 68% yield according to the method for synthesizing the hole transport material I-1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.81(s,1H),8.56(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.88(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.64-7.59(m,1H),7.22(d,J＝8.7Hz,4H),7.01(d,J＝8.7Hz,4H),6.62(d,J＝8.6Hz,1H),6.48(d,J＝13.7Hz,1H),3.78(s,6H).
19 F NMR(376MHz,DMSO-d6):δ-112.58.
Example 3
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula I-3:
Figure BDA0002362651980000131
synthesis route of hole transport Material I-3:
Figure BDA0002362651980000132
(1) Synthesis of Compound 5: compound 5 was synthesized in 72% yield according to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 2 in example 2.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.30-7.26(m,1H),7.12(d,J＝8.2Hz,4H),7.02(d,J＝8.4Hz,4H),6.74(dd,J＝11.2,2.6Hz,1H),6.66(dd,J＝8.8,2.6Hz,1H),2.35(s,6H).
19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-106.79.
(2) Synthesis of Compound 6: compound 6 was synthesized according to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 3 in example 2, in 88% yield.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.12(d,J＝8.1Hz,4H),7.04(d,J＝8.3Hz,4H),6.71(dd,J＝8.3,2.0Hz,1H),6.58(dd,J＝12.2,1.9Hz,1H),2.35(s,6H),1.36(s,12H).
19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-101.74.
(3) Synthesis of compound 7: compound 7 was synthesized according to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1 in example 1, in 90% yield.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.77(s,1H),8.29(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),7.90(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.71-7.67(m,1H),7.19-7.13(m,8H),6.90-6.87(m,1H),6.83-6.80(m,1H),2.37(s,6H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-113.06.
(4) Synthesis of hole transport Material I-3: i-3 was synthesized in a yield of 75% according to the procedure for synthesizing the hole transport material I-1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.97(s,1H),8.67(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.96(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.22(d,J＝8.2Hz,4H),7.11(d,J＝8.3Hz,4H),6.75(dd,J＝8.6,2.2Hz,1H),6.63(dd,J＝13.3,2.2Hz,1H),2.31(s,6H).
19 F NMR(376MHz,DMSO-d6):δ-112.30.
Example 4
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure according to formula i-4:
Figure BDA0002362651980000151
synthesis route of hole transport Material I-4:
Figure BDA0002362651980000152
/>
(1) Synthesis of Compound 1: the same as in example 1.
(2) Synthesis of hole transport Material I-4: i-4 was synthesized in a yield of 70% according to the method for synthesizing the hole transporting material I-1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ8.55(s,1H),7.90(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.79-7.74(m,2H),7.17(d,J＝8.8Hz,4H),7.05(d,J＝8.7Hz,2H),6.90(d,J＝8.9Hz,4H),4.26(q,J＝7.1Hz,1H),3.84(s,6H),1.34(t,J＝7.2Hz,3H),1.24(t,J＝7.1Hz,6H).
Example 5
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula I-5:
Figure BDA0002362651980000161
synthesis route of hole transport Material I-5:
Figure BDA0002362651980000162
(1) Synthesis of Compound 1: the same as in example 1.
(2) Synthesis of hole transport Material I-5: i-5 was synthesized in 78% yield according to the method for synthesizing the hole transport material I-1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,acetone-d 6 ):δ8.54(s,1H),8.07-8.00(m,4H),7.20(d,J＝8.8Hz,4H),7.01-6.97(m,6H),4.96(s,2H),3.84(s,6H).
Example 6
This example provides a hole transport material having a structure as shown in formula I-6:
Figure BDA0002362651980000171
synthesis route of hole transport Material I-6:
Figure BDA0002362651980000172
(1) Synthesis of compound 9: compound 9 was synthesized in 50% yield according to the procedure for the synthesis of compound 1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ10.85(s,1H),8.39(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),8.28(br,2H),8.02(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.82(br,2H),7.44(br,2H),7.18(br,3H),7.02(br,7H),6.82(br,10H),3.81(s,12H).
(2) Synthesis of hole transport Material I-6: i-6 was synthesized in 50% yield according to the method for synthesizing the hole transporting material I-1 in example 1.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ8.82(s,1H),8.58(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),8.28(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),8.14(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.69(br,2H),7.34(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.06(d,J＝10.0Hz,2H),6.86(d,J＝8.9Hz,8H),6.79(d,J＝8.9Hz,8H),3.68(s,12H).
Test example 1
The hole transport materials provided in examples 1-5 were tested for their performance by the following methods:
(1) Ultraviolet absorption light test: carrying out ultraviolet absorption light test on the sample by using a Shimadzu UV-3600 spectrometer;
FIG. 1 shows the UV absorption spectra of the hole transport material solutions provided in examples 1 to 5, from FIG. 1, the absorption peak of the hole transport material I-1 is at 514nm, the absorption peak of the hole transport material I-2 is at 480nm, the absorption peak of the hole transport material I-3 is at 464nm, the absorption peaks of the hole transport material I-4 are at 396 and 545nm, and the absorption peaks of the hole transport material I-5 are at 396 and 545nm.
(2) Electrochemical testing: testing electrochemical performance by CHI760 electrochemical workstation;
fig. 2 is an electrochemical performance test chart of the hole transport materials provided in examples 1 to 2, the hole transport materials of the present invention all exhibit significant redox peaks, the HOMO energy level and the LUMO energy level of each hole transport material are calculated from the redox initiation peak position, and the specific test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Sample(s) HOMO energy level (eV) LUMO energy level (eV)
Example 1 -5.29 -3.50
Example 2 -5.44 -3.56
Example 3 -5.55 -3.63
Example 4 -5.28 -3.51
Example 5 -5.27 -3.50
From the above test data, it can be seen that the hole transport materials provided in examples 1 to 5 have a HOMO energy level of-5.27 to-5.55eV and a LUMO energy level of-3.50 to-3.63 eV, which indicates that the hole transport materials of the present invention have good hole transport properties.
(3) Solubility test
The hole transport materials provided in example 1 and example 2 were tested for solubility in common non-polar solvents and polar solvents, respectively, and the specific test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002362651980000191
As can be seen from the test data in Table 2, the hole transport materials I-1 and I-2 were suitably dissolved in a green solvent such as ethanol, which would greatly improve the green solution processability of the devices.
Application examples 1 to 4
The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps: the ITO glass is used as a substrate material, and is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning by deionized water, acetone and isopropanol respectively, and then is dried in an oven overnight. The ITO was UV treated and transferred to a glove box, and the hole transport materials provided in examples 1-4 were dissolved in chlorobenzene to form solutions, spin-coated on an ITO substrate, and then annealed at 140 ℃ for 10min. Will PbI 2 、PbCl 2 FAI (formamidine iodide) and MAI (methylamine iodide) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO, and stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hours. Spin coating the precursor liquid on the hole transport layer, dripping reverse solvent chlorobenzene at the last stage of spin coating to perform spin coating, and then annealing at 100 ℃ for 10min. And then evaporating a C60 electron transmission layer, spin-coating a BCP buffer layer, and finally evaporating an Ag electrode. The perovskite solar cell obtained finally comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: an ITO glass anode electrode layer (with the thickness of 150 nm), a hole transport layer (with the thickness of 10 nm), a perovskite active layer (with the thickness of 500 nm), an electron transport layer (with the thickness of 30 nm) and a cathode electrode layer (with the thickness of 120 nm).
Test example 2
Perovskite solar cell performance testing
(1) And (3) current and voltage testing: testing under simulated sunlight irradiation by using a solar simulator of Yan company; FIG. 3 is a current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic curve of the perovskite solar cell provided in application example 1-2, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the perovskite device based on the hole transport materials I-1 and I-2 has an open circuit voltage of 1.10V or more and a short circuit current of 22mA/cm 2 Above, the energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 20%.
(2) External quantum efficiency: the test system passes QE-R3011 test.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the external quantum efficiency of perovskite solar cells provided in application examples 1-2; the perovskite solar cell provided by the invention has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
The photoelectric conversion efficiency test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Sample (I) Photoelectric conversion efficiency/%)
Application example 1 21.24
Application example 2 21.52
Application example 3 20.01
Application example 4 18.83
From the above test data, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell provided by the application examples 1 to 4 is above 18%, wherein the highest efficiency is as high as 21.52%, which fully indicates that the perovskite solar cell provided by the invention has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and external quantum efficiency, i.e. indicates that the hole transport material provided by the invention has great application potential in the perovskite solar cell.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the hole transport material, the preparation method and the application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented by the above examples. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications to the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected materials and additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific forms, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (23)

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that the perovskite solar cell comprises a hole transport layer comprising a hole transport material having a structure according to formula I:
Figure FDA0004044455100000011
wherein, the D group is a donor unit group, and the EG group is a terminal group;
A 1 、A 2 、A 3 each independently selected from carbon;
X 1 、X 2 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine or cyano;
E 1 、E 2 each is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano or methyl;
y is selected from any one of oxygen, sulfur or selenium;
the D group is selected from the group of donor units shown below:
Figure FDA0004044455100000012
wherein, the R groups are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, methyl, methoxyl or tert-butyl, and the dotted line represents the connecting position of the groups.
2. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the EG group is selected from any one of the following end groups:
Figure FDA0004044455100000013
wherein the dotted line indicates the position of the group attachment.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole transport material is selected from any one of the compounds shown below:
Figure FDA0004044455100000021
4. the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the hole transport material comprises the steps of:
(1) Carrying out coupling reaction on the compound A and the compound B to obtain a compound C, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004044455100000031
(2) Carrying out condensation reaction on the compound C and a compound containing EG groups to obtain a compound shown in the formula I, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004044455100000032
wherein, the D group is a donor unit group, and the EG group is a terminal group;
A 1 、A 2 、A 3 each independently selected from carbon;
X 1 、X 2 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine or cyano;
E 1 、E 2 each independently selected from any one of hydrogen, fluorine, cyano or methyl;
y is selected from any one of oxygen, sulfur or selenium;
the D group is selected from the group of donor units shown below:
Figure FDA0004044455100000033
5. the perovskite solar cell of claim 4, wherein the catalyst of the coupling reaction of step (1) is a palladium catalyst.
6. The perovskite solar cell of claim 5, wherein the palladium catalyst is Pd (PPh) 3 ) 4 。
7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, wherein the molar mass ratio of the compound A to the compound B in step (1) is 1 (2.4-3.0).
8. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solvent for the coupling reaction of step (1) comprises any one of tetrahydrofuran, water or toluene or a combination of at least two thereof.
9. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the coupling reaction of step (1) is 100-120 ℃.
10. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coupling reaction of step (1) is carried out for a time of 20-28h.
11. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the EG group containing compound of step (2) is selected from any one of the following compounds:
Figure FDA0004044455100000041
12. the perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the solvent of the condensation reaction of step (2) is acetic acid.
13. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the condensation reaction of step (2) is 10-30 ℃.
14. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the condensation reaction of step (2) is carried out for a time of 10-20h.
15. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, comprising in order from top to bottom: an anode electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode electrode layer.
16. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 15, wherein the anode electrode layer is an ITO conductive glass.
17. The perovskite solar cell of claim 15, wherein the thickness of the anode electrode layer is 150-180nm.
18. The perovskite solar cell of claim 15, wherein the hole transport layer has a thickness of 1-10nm.
19. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 15, wherein the thickness of the perovskite active layer is 400-600nm.
20. The perovskite solar cell of claim 15, wherein the electron transport layer is a PCB-modified carbon 60 electron transport layer.
21. The perovskite solar cell of claim 15, wherein the electron transport layer has a thickness of 20-30nm.
22. The perovskite solar cell of claim 15, wherein the cathode electrode is a silver electrode.
23. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 15, wherein the thickness of the cathode electrode is 100-150nm.
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