CN111204091B - 一种地毯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种地毯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111204091B CN111204091B CN202010118388.0A CN202010118388A CN111204091B CN 111204091 B CN111204091 B CN 111204091B CN 202010118388 A CN202010118388 A CN 202010118388A CN 111204091 B CN111204091 B CN 111204091B
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Abstract
一种地毯及其制备方法。该地毯包括面层(1)、中间层(2)和底层(3),底层(3)四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,中间层(2)位于腔室内,其底面与底层(3)顶面固定连接,面层(1)的底面与中间层(2)的顶面固定连接。该地毯的制备方法包括:1)制备面层(1);2)制备中间层(2);3)制备底层(3);4)制备粘结剂;5)将相邻各层粘合;6)用压边机将地毯的底层(3)的四边压合在面层(1)之上,形成TPE/TPR凸缘。本发明所提供的地毯强度高、弹性好、材料环保、外形美观,并且隔音防菌、整体性好,能够防磕绊,很好地解决了现有地毯存在的易开裂、使用寿命短、隔音差等一系列问题;本发明的制备方法工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及地毯生产技术领域,具体地,涉及一种地毯及其制备方法。
背景技术
地毯是以羊毛、棉、麻或化学合成纤维材料,经过手工或机制而成的铺地材料。广泛应用于宾馆、酒店、家居、学校、会客厅、飞机等多种场所,具有灭菌、防潮、隔热、减少噪声美化室内环境等多种功能。随着社会经济建设的快速发展,人们生活质量的提高,地毯已成为人们生活中不可或缺的产品。
但是,现有地毯边缘厚,容易绊倒老人和儿童,不安全。且目前地毯背底多用PVC或橡胶,PVC不环保且冬天易断裂,橡胶不可回收且硫化时间长加工效率低;普通地毯无边,毯面和背底易开裂。此外,地毯由多层层状材料组成,长时间使用,边缘易开胶,或层与层之间易脱开。
其次,地毯表面都容易滋生细菌、病毒、霉菌等微生物,这些微生物通过与人体接触造成交叉感染,可对人体产生各种危害,会引起头痛、发热、突发性喉咙痛、扁桃体感染、哮喘、流感症状、皮炎以及其他过敏性不良反应。目前,针对地毯长期使用后滋生细菌、病毒、霉菌等微生物的解决方案主要是定期对地毯进行清洗、消毒等保养处理,或者定期进行更换新的地毯,不仅造成资源浪费,还不能从根本上解决地毯滋生微生物的问题。
最后,现有的地毯用久了容易发生结构松散,各位置舒适度不一。并且随着生活节奏的加快和各种压力的增大,人们对居住及办公环境的安静舒适度要求越来越高。而现有居住/办公用房及公共场所的上下楼之间仅仅依靠楼板和地板/地毯附带的隔音降噪功能来隔音,远远不能满足人们对高品质生活的不断追求。尤其对居民楼和宾馆用房,由于房高较低,层间隔音问题尤为突出。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种地毯及其制备方法。本发明所提供的地毯强度高、弹性好、材料环保、外形美观,并且隔音防菌、整体性好,能够防磕绊,很好地解决了现有地毯存在的易开裂、使用寿命短、隔音差等一系列问题;本发明的制备方法工艺简单,制备方便,成本低,适于广泛推广应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种地毯,包括面层、中间层和底层,所述底层四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层位于腔室内,其底面与底层顶面固定连接,所述面层的底面与中间层的顶面固定连接;
所述面层为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层由TPE/TPR材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层为一体成型结构;
所述面层和中间层之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层和所述底层之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
优选的,所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
在上述任一方案中优选的是,所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
为实现上述目的,本发明还提供了一种地毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层;将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层;首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层;利用TPE/TPR材料,制成地毯的底层;
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层放置在底层的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层放置在中间层的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层的四边压合在面层之上,形成TPE/TPR凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
优选的,在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
在上述任一方案中优选的是,在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60 ℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
在上述任一方案中优选的是,在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层和面层并压扁,挤压在面层的周边,然后固化,形成TPE/TPR凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明所提供的地毯强度高、弹性好、材料环保、外形美观,并且隔音防菌、整体性好,能够防磕绊,很好地解决了现有地毯存在的易开裂、使用寿命短、隔音差等一系列问题;本发明的制备方法工艺简单,制备方便,成本低,适于广泛推广应用。
2.本发明能够有效的防止地毯层与层之间开胶,使用寿命更长;能够有效的防止儿童或老人绊倒。此外,地毯使用环保材料制成,不易开裂,可回收,更加环保。
3.本发明工艺简单,且成品耐磨;给予地毯自身具备抗菌功能,有效提升应用环境质量,保证人员健康。
4.本发明提升了地毯的整体强度,具有较好的缓冲性能,延长了使用寿命;其结构简单,制备容易,产品成本低,生产效率高,使用效果好,耐用性强。
5.本发明使用的粘结剂的粘接性好且富于韧性,抗老化能力强,耐用性好,稳定性高且使用寿命长,环境友好,具有广阔的应用前景;并且具有制备工艺简单、成本低廉等有益效果。
6.本发明的地毯具有吸音、减震效果,隔音效果突出,组合样式多样化。可广泛用于汽车、家庭住宅、宾馆及娱乐场所、办公及公共场馆。
附图简要说明
图1是根据本发明的地毯的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请的具体实施方式以及附图对本申请的技术方案进行详细的说明,但如下实施例仅是用以理解本发明,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合,本申请可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
实施例1
参见图1,一种地毯,包括面层1、中间层2和底层3,所述底层3四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层2位于腔室内,其底面与底层3顶面固定连接,所述面层1的底面与中间层2的顶面固定连接;
所述面层1为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层2包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层3由TPE/TPR材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层3为一体成型结构;
所述面层1和中间层2之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层2和所述底层3之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
一种地毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层1;将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层2;首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层3;利用TPE/TPR材料,制成地毯的底层3;
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层3的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层2放置在底层3的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层2的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层1放置在中间层2的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层3的四边压合在面层1之上,形成TPE/TPR凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60 ℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层3进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层3的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层2和面层1并压扁,挤压在面层1的周边,然后固化,形成TPE/TPR凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
实施例2
参见图1,一种地毯,包括面层1、中间层2和底层3,所述底层3四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层2位于腔室内,其底面与底层3顶面固定连接,所述面层1的底面与中间层2的顶面固定连接;
所述面层1为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层2包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层3由TPE/TPR材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层3为一体成型结构;
所述面层1和中间层2之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层2和所述底层3之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
一种地毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层1;将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层2;首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层3;利用TPE/TPR材料,制成地毯的底层3;
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层3的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层2放置在底层3的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层2的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层1放置在中间层2的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层3的四边压合在面层1之上,形成TPE/TPR凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60 ℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层3进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层3的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层2和面层1并压扁,挤压在面层1的周边,然后固化,形成TPE/TPR凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
进一步地,在所述步骤6)中,进行压合之前,在面层1的顶面上待包覆区域以及中间层2的两侧面上涂覆压合胶,所述压合胶包括以下重量份的组分:
聚硅氧烷树脂20-25、纳米橡胶改性环氧树脂10-15、乙二醇聚氧乙烯醚3-5、PVC树脂10-20、烷基磺酸苯酯3-5、亚磷酸酯1-2、单烷氧基焦磷酸酯1-2、碳纤维30-35、乙烯10-20、硅酮10-15、2-丙烯酰胺2-3、浆纱树脂10-12、马来酸二丁酯4-5、胡麻油5-10。
所述压合胶的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述重量份的PVC树脂、烷基磺酸苯酯、马来酸二丁酯和胡麻油在20-30℃下搅拌40-45min,至完全溶解均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)中的产物与所述重量份的剩余组分加入混合装置中混合均匀,在15-20℃下搅拌15-20min,至分散均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)中的产物进行反复压延,压延次数为3-4次;
(4)抽真空搅拌,脱泡40-50min,真空压力控制在-0.05MPa,出料,得到所述压合胶。
本实施例的压合胶具有良好的工艺性,触变性能好,并具有优良的动态机械性能。压合胶经过不同温度 (180℃×20min或220℃×50mim)固化后的材料,经过21天湿热老化后的储能模量(25℃、40Hz)为2200-2500MPa,玻璃化温度Tg为110-120℃。
使用该压合胶配合压合操作,能够使TPE/TPR凸缘更密实贴合地包覆面层1和中间层2,防止地毯发生翘边现象,从而能够更好地防止人员,特别是儿童或老人绊倒,保证安全。
此外,为了进一步保障上述效果,还可以在底层3的待压合的四边上制备与底层3一体成型的带突帽的凸钉,并在面层1的顶面上待包覆区域上设置与所述凸钉相配合的通孔。在压合过程中,可将凸钉扣合在所述通孔中,更进一步地保证TPE/TPR凸缘和面层1铆合固定在一起,两者的连接更加牢固,装配精度更高。
实施例3
参见图1,一种地毯,包括面层1、中间层2和底层3,所述底层3四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层2位于腔室内,其底面与底层3顶面固定连接,所述面层1的底面与中间层2的顶面固定连接;
所述面层1为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层2包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层3由TPE材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层3为一体成型结构;
所述面层1和中间层2之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层2和所述底层3之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
一种地毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层1;将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层2;首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层3;利用TPE材料,制成地毯的底层3;
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层3的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层2放置在底层3的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层2的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层1放置在中间层2的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层3的四边压合在面层1之上,形成TPE凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60 ℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层3进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层3的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层2和面层1并压扁,挤压在面层1的周边,然后固化,形成TPE凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
进一步地,所述TPE材料包括以下重量份的组分:改性SBS 50-55、橡胶填充油25-30、共聚PP5-7、硅油8-10、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物10-15、碳酸钙 10-15、二硬脂酸锌2-3;所述改性SBS是由SBS、石蜡油和聚苯乙烯按照重量比90-100:45-50:25-30混合而成。
所述TPE材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将改性SBS 、橡胶填充油和硅油加入到搅拌装置内,并搅拌均匀,然后在22-25℃下静置38-40h;搅拌装置的转速为900-950r/min,搅拌时间为40-45min;
(2)将丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和共聚PP加入到步骤(1)得到的产品中,并搅拌均匀;搅拌装置的转速为850-900r/min,搅拌时间为25-30min;
(3)将剩余组分加入到步骤(2)得到的产品中并搅拌均匀;搅拌装置的转速为880-920r/min,搅拌时间为10-20min;
(4)通过双螺杆挤出机对步骤(3)得到的产品进行塑化、挤出,塑化温度控制在170-180 ℃,双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的转速为280-290r/s;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的产品通过预加热90℃后,加入流延装置中,搅拌所述产品,加热温度从160℃-180℃分5个阶段均匀升温加热,加热后形成浆料;
(6)将所述浆料通过挤入模头,通过模头将浆料呈平面流体,然后从辊压装置之间穿过,压延成为所述底层3。
该实施例的TPE材料形成的底层3止滑环保,柔软韧性,耐磨擦、抗老化。不变形开裂、不翘边,不滑动,具有良好的防滑性及平整性能,从而彻底避免小孩、老人踩在地毯上勾到地毯边缘而摔倒,或地毯滑动而后仰的伤害隐患。
该实施例的TPE材料环保无毒,耐磨性能高,有助于延长地毯的使用寿命,并提高地毯使用的安全性和舒适性。
实施例4
参见图1,一种地毯,包括面层1、中间层2和底层3,所述底层3四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层2位于腔室内,其底面与底层3顶面固定连接,所述面层1的底面与中间层2的顶面固定连接;
所述面层1为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层2包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层3由TPR材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层3为一体成型结构;
所述面层1和中间层2之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层2和所述底层3之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
一种地毯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层1;将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层2;首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层3;利用TPR材料,制成地毯的底层3;
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层3的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层2放置在底层3的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层2的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层1放置在中间层2的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层3的四边压合在面层1之上,形成TPR凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60 ℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层3进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层3的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层2和面层1并压扁,挤压在面层1的周边,然后固化,形成TPR凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
进一步地,所述TPR材料包括以下重量份的组分:苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物20-30、PS料12-15、耐磨剂 1.5-2、芳香族共聚树脂1-1.5、氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物40-50、聚丙烯5-10、轻烧镁砂15-20、AS树脂5-10、低密度PE15-18。
所述TPR材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、PS料、耐磨剂和芳香族共聚树脂混合搅拌80-90min;
(2)将剩余组分共混,控制温度在120-125℃,混炼8-10min;
(3)将步骤(1)和步骤(3)制备的产品混合,混炼15-20分钟后塑化,并压延成型。
该实施例的TPE材料形成的底层3柔软性能高, 耐磨性能优异,并且其拉伸强度得到有效的提高,抗老化性能强,经济环保,降低了原料成本。
性能检测
本发明的环保地毯背底的主要性能测试
对上述实施例制备的地毯的硬度、耐磨损耗程度、摩擦系数等与传统地毯料的硬度、耐磨损耗程度、摩擦系数等进行对比,其测试结果如下表1所 示。
硬度测试标准:参照ASTM D-2240标准;
耐磨损耗程度测试标准:参照DIN 53516 GB 9867标准;
摩擦系数测试标准:参照ISO 8295标准;
拉伸和断裂测试标准:参照GB/528-92。
表1
注:邵氏硬度越低,证明其柔软度越高,
本发明的地毯使用一个月后,采用GB4789.15-2010检测,每平方厘米的霉菌总数小于20个;而对于普通地毯,在相同条件下使用一个月后,每平方厘米霉菌总数达1000个以上。
由上述实施例可知,本发明所提供的地毯强度高、弹性好、材料环保、外形美观,并且隔音防菌、整体性好,能够防磕绊,很好地解决了现有地毯存在的易开裂、使用寿命短、隔音差等一系列问题;本发明的制备方法工艺简单,制备方便,成本低,适于广泛推广应用。
本发明能够有效的防止地毯层与层之间开胶,使用寿命更长;能够有效的防止儿童或老人绊倒。此外,地毯使用环保材料制成,不易开裂,可回收,更加环保。
本发明工艺简单,且成品耐磨;给予地毯自身具备抗菌功能,有效提升应用环境质量,保证人员健康。
本发明提升了地毯的整体强度,具有较好的缓冲性能,延长了使用寿命;其结构简单,制备容易,产品成本低,生产效率高,使用效果好,耐用性强。
本发明使用的粘结剂的粘接性好且富于韧性,抗老化能力强,耐用性好,稳定性高且使用寿命长,环境友好,具有广阔的应用前景;并且具有制备工艺简单、成本低廉等有益效果。
本发明的地毯具有吸音、减震效果,隔音效果突出,组合样式多样化。可广泛用于汽车、家庭住宅、宾馆及娱乐场所、办公及公共场馆。。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种地毯,其特征在于,包括面层(1)、中间层(2)和底层(3),所述底层(3)四周具有向上凸起的凸缘,形成顶端开口的腔室,所述中间层(2)位于腔室内,其底面与底层(3)顶面固定连接,所述面层(1)的底面与中间层(2)的顶面固定连接;
所述面层(1)为簇绒结构层,包括簇绒基底和簇绒,所述簇绒结构层上附着有杀菌材料;所述簇绒基底由PE纤维单丝和PET单丝制成,所述簇绒呈丝圈状,并且设置在所述簇绒基底的上方;所述杀菌材料包括以下重量份的组分:绿柱岩粉40-50、泻盐20-25、碳酸锌10-15、硝酸银2-3、薰衣草精油2-4、二溴二甲基海因1-2、二羟甲基海因2-3;
所述中间层(2)包括以下重量份的组分:SBR/EVA70-80、聚苯乙烯35-45、重晶石粉体20-25、氢氧化铝粉体30-40、锆酸酐粉体25-30、二氧化钛20-30、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯30-40、氰尿酸镧8-10、烷基吩噻嗪5-8、炭黑3-5;
所述底层(3)由TPE/TPR材料制成,且所述凸缘与底层(3)为一体成型结构;
所述面层(1)和中间层(2)之间采用粘结剂粘合在一起,所述中间层(2)和所述底层(3)之间采用粘结剂热压粘合在一起;所述粘结剂包括以下重量份的组分:热塑性橡胶粉35-40、聚乙烯醇25-35、败脂酸乙酯15-20、醋酸乙烯12-15、羟丙甲纤维素10-15、乙烯基氯10-12、超细碳酸钙8-10、小苏打4-5、二硬脂酸锌3-5、碳酸钡3.5-4.5、N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺1-3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种地毯,其特征在于,所述簇绒由菠萝麻纤维、咖啡炭聚酯纤维和聚丙烯纤维制成,三者的质量比为2-3:4-5:1-2;植绒的针距为0.2-0.22cm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种地毯,其特征在于,所述重晶石粉体的粒径为0.4-0.6µm,所述氢氧化铝粉体的粒径为1-1.2µm,所述锆酸酐粉体的粒径为1.8-2µm;上述粉体均匀分布。
4.一种制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的地毯的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备面层(1);将PE纤维用单孔喷丝头制成若干的PE纤维单丝,然后将其作为经纱,将PET单丝作为纬纱,织造成为簇绒基底;通过植绒机将簇绒设置在所述簇绒基底的上方,形成簇绒结构层;然后将制备的所述杀菌材料与水按重量比为1:30-40的比例混合均匀得到杀菌混合液,接着将簇绒结构层用干净水清洗并晾干,然后放入所述杀菌混合液中浸渍,取出后进行挤轧和热烘干;最后将簇绒结构层上的簇绒绕线制成丝圈状;
2)制备中间层(2);首先将SBR/EVA、氰尿酸镧和烷基吩噻嗪混合均匀,再加入剩余的组分继续混合,直至温度达到130-140℃,出料;将混配好的组分挤出造粒;将造粒得到的粒料熔融塑化后喂料到压延机中,压延成型;
3)制备底层(3);利用TPE/TPR材料,制成地毯的底层(3);
4)制备粘结剂;将热塑性橡胶粉、醋酸乙烯、乙烯基氯和N-羟甲基2-丙烯酰胺混合,并加热至100-105℃保温;再将聚乙烯醇、败脂酸乙酯和羟丙甲纤维素加入,搅拌2.5-3.5h,保持温度在105-110℃;最后将剩余组分加入混合,加入至密炼机内混炼6-7h,制得成品;
5)将相邻各层粘合;先在底层(3)的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将中间层(2)放置在底层(3)的顶面上,采用热复合设备进行热压粘合复合;之后将中间层(2)的顶面上刷涂所述粘结剂,再将面层(1)放置在中间层(2)的顶面上,将两侧粘合;
6)用压边机将地毯的底层(3)的四边压合在面层(1)之上,形成TPE/TPR凸缘,制得最终的地毯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤1)中,所述挤轧的时间为15-20s,热烘干的温度为100-110℃,热烘干的时间为8-10min,片材厚度为3-5mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤2)中,所述混合的时间为3-5min;挤出造粒的温度为145-150 ℃,所述熔融的温度为152-155 ℃;压延的温度为50-60℃,片材厚度为8-10mm,牵引速度为5-8m/min。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤6)中,压合的具体操作为:将粘合好的各层组成的整体结构放入压边机中,利用加热装置对底层(3)进行加热,接着用压边结构将加热后软化的底层(3)的边缘向上翻边,包覆中间层(2)和面层(1)并压扁,挤压在面层(1)的周边,然后固化,形成TPE/TPR凸缘;加热固化完成后,打开压边机上的定位夹紧块,取下产品,从而得最终地毯。
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