CN111203541A - 3D printing method for preparing multi-region composite material - Google Patents

3D printing method for preparing multi-region composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111203541A
CN111203541A CN202010152848.1A CN202010152848A CN111203541A CN 111203541 A CN111203541 A CN 111203541A CN 202010152848 A CN202010152848 A CN 202010152848A CN 111203541 A CN111203541 A CN 111203541A
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China
Prior art keywords
printing
sintering
degreasing
working heads
printing method
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Pending
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CN202010152848.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苏绍华
朱明露
邬均文
王明喜
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Jiangsu Gian Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Gian Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010152848.1A priority Critical patent/CN111203541A/en
Publication of CN111203541A publication Critical patent/CN111203541A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a 3D printing method for preparing a multi-region composite material, which comprises the following steps of S1: mixing and banburying a plurality of raw material powders with a binder respectively, and preparing to form a plurality of corresponding feeds; s2, blank printing: the 3D printer comprises a plurality of switchable printing working heads which are used for placing a feeding material and extruding a molten feeding material to a printing table; respectively putting a plurality of feeding materials into corresponding printing working heads; 3D, controlling different areas to select and use printing working heads for placing different feeds to print according to a printing model in the printing process; thus obtaining a green embryo S3, degreasing: degreasing the green blank to obtain a degreased part; s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part to form a final product; according to the invention, by virtue of the plurality of printing working heads, the combination of printing of a multi-element material and indirect printing can be realized, the multiple matching of materials can be realized, the limitation of the traditional composite material is broken, and the performance and the appearance plasticity of the product are better.

Description

3D printing method for preparing multi-region composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing method suitable for metal ceramic composite structure parts, in particular to a 3D printing method for preparing a multi-region composite material.
Background
The 3D printing is a typical application of additive manufacturing technology, and is based on a digital model file, uses special wax materials, plastics and other bondable agents as raw materials, firstly uses three-dimensional modeling software to generate a three-dimensional solid model of a part in a computer, then uses layering software to carry out layering treatment on the three-dimensional solid model, namely, the three-dimensional solid model is divided into a series of layers, the information of each layer is transmitted to a forming machine, and the product is printed layer by layer through liquefied, powdered and filamentized solid materials.
The hybrid 3D printing approach of multiple materials enables creation of a product with different properties in itself without assembly, with the goal of increasing efficiency by reducing the number of steps to manufacture the product. Compared with single material 3D printing, the method can manufacture products with multiple functions or physical properties at one time without assembling various components. The mixing of multiple materials speeds up the market penetration of products with increasingly complex components and allows the number of raw materials required to be accurately calculated, reducing production waste. In the fields of flexible robots, light structures, flexible electronic devices, and the like, the multi-material hybrid 3D printing technology is taking an unprecedented revolution.
However, there are few reports on the multi-material printing technology in the field of metal and ceramic materials, and compared with the traditional single metal ceramic printing, a plastic-based multi-material mixed printing product has wider application anteversion and better meets the production and living needs of the society, so that the development of a multi-material system 3D printing method suitable for metal and ceramic materials is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing method for preparing a multi-region composite material, which combines indirect printing and powder sintering molding, can realize multiple matching of materials, breaks through the limitation of the traditional composite material, is suitable for development and production of multi-region material products, and can greatly improve the interface strength performance and appearance plasticity of the products.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing and banburying a plurality of raw material powders with a binder respectively, and preparing to form a plurality of corresponding feeds;
s2, blank printing: the 3D printer comprises a plurality of switchable printing working heads which are used for placing a feeding material and extruding a molten feeding material to a printing table; respectively putting a plurality of feeding materials into corresponding printing working heads; 3D, controlling different areas to select and use printing working heads for placing different feeds to print according to a printing model in the printing process; thereby obtaining a green embryo
S3, degreasing: degreasing the green blank to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part to form a final product;
the raw materials are metal powder or ceramic powder;
the binder is one or the combination of more than two of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, paraffin, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
The raw materials are 316L and AL respectively2O3(ii) a Or 316L and ZrO respectively2(ii) a Or 316L and TC4, respectively; or 316L, 17-4PH and AL respectively2O3(ii) a Or TC4 and ZrO, respectively2。
The raw materials are respectively mixed and banburied with the binder according to the ratio of 9: 1.
The printing working head comprises a storage bin, a feeding pipe, a feeding screw rod, a heating sleeve and a nozzle; the outlet of the feed bin is communicated with the inlet of the feed pipe, and the outlet of the feed pipe is communicated with the inlet of the nozzle; the feeding screw is arranged in the feeding pipe and is used for conveying the feed in the storage bin into the nozzle and extruding the feed out of the nozzle; the heating sleeve is sleeved outside the feeding pipe and is used for melting the feeding material in the feeding pipe; the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle is 0.01 mm-2 mm.
The degreasing comprises one or more of acid catalytic degreasing, thermal degreasing and solvent degreasing.
The sintering mode comprises one or the combination of more than two of vacuum sintering, argon sintering and hydrogen sintering.
The invention has the positive effects that: (1) according to the invention, through switching the printing working heads, the printing of the multi-component material and the indirect printing are combined, so that multiple matching of the materials can be realized, the limitation of the traditional composite material is broken, and the performance and the appearance plasticity of the product are better.
(2) According to the invention, the adhesion capability of the interface layer can be increased by indirectly printing and co-sintering different materials, and the part failure caused by the reasons of layered desorption of the materials and the like can be avoided.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a print head according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of longitudinal printing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of lateral printing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the print head 1 of the present invention includes a bin 11, a feed pipe 12, a feed screw 13, a heating jacket 14, and a nozzle 15; the outlet of the storage bin 11 is communicated with the inlet of the feeding pipe 12, and the outlet of the feeding pipe 12 is communicated with the inlet of the nozzle 15; a feed screw 13 is provided in the feed pipe 12 and serves to convey feed material in the silo 11 into the nozzle 15 and extrude the feed material out of the nozzle 15; the heating jacket 14 is sleeved outside the feeding pipe 12 and is used for feeding in the melting feeding pipe 12; the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.01 mm-2 mm. The 3D printer comprises a plurality of printing working heads 1 used for placing feeding materials and extruding and melting the feeding materials to a printing table, and the plurality of printing working heads 1 can be switched at printing positions according to requirements. The switching mode is various, and can be switched by a sliding rail or a turntable. The switching mode of the print head 1 can refer to patent No. 2016211706357 with the name of a multi-head 3D printing device, and can also refer to patent No. 2016101249862 with the name of an automatic feeding multi-head melt extrusion molding 3D printing device.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the print head 1 can perform vertical printing and also can perform horizontal printing.
(example 1)
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: will 316L and AL2O3Mixing and banburying with binder at a ratio of 9:1, and granulating to obtain 316L feed and AL2O3Feeding;
s2, blank printing: the printing model is contracted, enlarged and sliced according to a certain proportion, and different areas are controlled to select 316L feeding materials or AL materials2O3The fed printing working head 1 prints; thereby obtaining a green embryo; the printing working heads 1 are switched by generating a G code through a generator according to a printing model, sending the G code to a 3D printer and switching the corresponding printing working heads 1 through regulation and control; wherein the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.04mm, and the printing speed is controlled to be 50-100 cc;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the green body by nitric acid to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part in argon atmosphere to achieve densification, and finally obtaining a final product; wherein the partial pressure is 80MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 h.
The binder comprises 50% of polyformaldehyde, 25% of polypropylene and 25% of polyethylene by mass percent.
(example 2)
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing 316L and ZrO2Respectively mixed and banburied with the binder according to the ratio of 9:1, and prepared by a granulator to form 316L feeding materials and ZrO materials2Feeding;
s2, blank printing: the printing model is contracted, enlarged and sliced according to a certain proportion, and different areas are controlled to select 316L feeding materials and ZrO materials2The fed printing working head 1 prints; thereby obtaining a green embryo; the printing working heads 1 are switched by generating a G code through a generator according to a printing model, sending the G code to a 3D printer and switching the corresponding printing working heads 1 through regulation and control; wherein the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.04mm, and the printing speed is controlled to be 50-100 cc;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the green body by nitric acid to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part in argon atmosphere to achieve densification, and finally obtaining a final product; wherein the partial pressure is 80MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 h.
The binder comprises 50% of polyformaldehyde, 25% of polypropylene and 25% of polyethylene by mass percent. .
(example 3)
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing 316L and TC4 with a binder according to a ratio of 9:1, and preparing 316L feed and TC4 feed by a granulator;
s2, blank printing: the printing model is contracted, enlarged and sliced according to a certain proportion, and different areas are controlled to select a printing working head 1 with 316L feeding and TC4 feeding for printing; thereby obtaining a green embryo; the printing working heads 1 are switched by generating a G code through a generator according to a printing model, sending the G code to a 3D printer and switching the corresponding printing working heads 1 through regulation and control; wherein the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.04mm, and the printing speed is controlled to be 50-100 cc;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the green body by nitric acid to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part in argon atmosphere to achieve densification, and finally obtaining a final product; wherein the partial pressure is 15MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
The binder comprises 50% of polyformaldehyde, 25% of polypropylene and 25% of polyethylene by mass percent. .
(example 4)
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing 316L, 17-4PH and AL2O3Mixing and banburying with binder at a ratio of 9:1, and granulating to obtain 316L feed, 17-4PH feed and AL2O3Feeding;
s2, blank printing: the printing model is contracted, enlarged and sliced according to a certain proportion, and different areas are controlled to select 316L feeding materials, 17-4PH feeding materials and AL2O3The fed printing working head 1 prints; thereby obtaining a green embryo; the printing working heads 1 are switched by generating a G code through a generator according to a printing model, sending the G code to a 3D printer and switching the corresponding printing working heads 1 through regulation and control; wherein the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.04mm, and the printing speed is controlled to be 50-100 cc;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the green body by nitric acid to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part in argon atmosphere to achieve densification, and finally obtaining a final product; wherein the partial pressure is 10MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
The binder comprises 50% of polyformaldehyde, 25% of polypropylene and 25% of polyethylene by mass percent. .
(example 5)
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing TC4 and ZrO2Mixing and banburying with binder at a ratio of 9:1, and granulating to obtain TC4 feed and ZrO2Feeding;
s2, blank printing: the printing model is contracted, enlarged and sliced according to a certain proportion, and different areas are controlled to select and use the material containing TC4 feed and ZrO2The fed printing working head 1 prints; thereby obtaining a green embryo; the printing working heads 1 are switched by generating a G code through a generator according to a printing model, sending the G code to a 3D printer and switching the corresponding printing working heads 1 through regulation and control; wherein the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 15 is 0.04mm, and the printing speed is controlled to be 50-100 cc;
s3, degreasing: degreasing the green body by nitric acid to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part in argon atmosphere to achieve densification, and finally obtaining a final product; wherein the partial pressure is 10MPa, the heat preservation temperature is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 h.
The binder comprises 50% of polyformaldehyde, 25% of polypropylene and 25% of polyethylene by mass percent. .
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A 3D printing method for preparing a multi-region composite material; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, feed preparation: mixing and banburying a plurality of raw material powders with a binder respectively, and preparing to form a plurality of corresponding feeds;
s2, blank printing: putting a plurality of feeding materials into the corresponding printing working heads (1) respectively; 3D, controlling different areas to select and use printing working heads (1) for placing different feeds to print according to a printing model in the printing process; thereby obtaining a green embryo
S3, degreasing: degreasing the green blank to obtain a degreased part;
s4, sintering: sintering the degreased part to form a final product;
the raw material powder is metal powder or ceramic powder;
the binder is one or the combination of more than two of polyformaldehyde, polyethylene, paraffin, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
2. The 3D printing method of making a multi-region composite of claim 1, wherein: the raw materials are 316L and AL respectively2O3(ii) a Or 316L and ZrO respectively2(ii) a Or 316L and TC4, respectively; or 316L, 17-4PH and AL respectively2O3(ii) a Or TC4 and ZrO, respectively2。
3. 3D printing method for preparing a multi-region composite according to claim 2, characterized in that: the raw materials are respectively mixed and banburied with the binder according to the ratio of 9: 1.
4. The 3D printing method of making a multi-region composite of claim 1, wherein: the degreasing comprises one or the combination of more than two of acid catalysis degreasing, thermal degreasing and solvent degreasing.
5. The 3D printing method of making a multi-region composite of claim 1, wherein: the sintering mode comprises one or the combination of more than two of vacuum sintering, argon sintering and hydrogen sintering.
CN202010152848.1A 2020-03-06 2020-03-06 3D printing method for preparing multi-region composite material Pending CN111203541A (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105584045A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-05-18 吉林大学 Multi-material part 3D printing device and printing method thereof
CN106334792A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-01-18 青岛科技大学 Preparing and printing molding methods for metal low-temperature 3D printing material
CN106984819A (en) * 2017-03-02 2017-07-28 东莞市依诺电子科技有限公司 A kind of Ti6Al4V injection molding feedstocks 3D printing increasing material manufacturing method
CN107030853A (en) * 2017-06-19 2017-08-11 青岛科技大学 A kind of desktop level ceramic 3D printing forming method
US20180087189A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2018-03-29 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I Multi-material polymer filament for three-dimensional printing co-drawn with functional or structural thread
US10071524B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2018-09-11 Xyzprinting, Inc. Printing method for printing multi-material 3D model
CN109226766A (en) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-18 北京科技大学 A kind of device and method that high throughput prepares metal-base composites
CN110369706A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-10-25 上海富驰高科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of ceramic-metal composite material
CN110732673A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-31 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 method for preparing metal and ceramic composite workpiece

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180087189A1 (en) * 2015-03-27 2018-03-29 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I Multi-material polymer filament for three-dimensional printing co-drawn with functional or structural thread
CN105584045A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-05-18 吉林大学 Multi-material part 3D printing device and printing method thereof
US10071524B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2018-09-11 Xyzprinting, Inc. Printing method for printing multi-material 3D model
CN106334792A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-01-18 青岛科技大学 Preparing and printing molding methods for metal low-temperature 3D printing material
CN106984819A (en) * 2017-03-02 2017-07-28 东莞市依诺电子科技有限公司 A kind of Ti6Al4V injection molding feedstocks 3D printing increasing material manufacturing method
CN107030853A (en) * 2017-06-19 2017-08-11 青岛科技大学 A kind of desktop level ceramic 3D printing forming method
CN109226766A (en) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-18 北京科技大学 A kind of device and method that high throughput prepares metal-base composites
CN110369706A (en) * 2019-02-25 2019-10-25 上海富驰高科技股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of ceramic-metal composite material
CN110732673A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-31 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 method for preparing metal and ceramic composite workpiece

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